Antiviral compounds

ABSTRACT

The invention is related to anti-viral compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

PRIORITY OF INVENTION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos.61/177,972, filed 13 May 2009; 61/224,745, filed 10 Jul. 2009; and61/238,760, filed 1 Sep. 2009. The entire content of each of theseapplications is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hepatitis C is recognized as a chronic viral disease of the liver whichis characterized by liver disease. Although drugs targeting the liverare in wide use and have shown effectiveness, toxicity and other sideeffects have limited their usefulness. Inhibitors of hepatitis C virus(HCV) are useful to limit the establishment and progression of infectionby HCV as well as in diagnostic assays for HCV.

There is a need for new HCV therapeutic agents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of the inventionwhich is a compound of formula (I):

J-Y-J  (I)

as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrugthereof.

The invention also provides isotopically enriched compounds that arecompounds of formula I that comprise an enriched isotope at one or morepositions in the compound.

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the invention and at least one pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier.

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for usein treating disorders associated with HCV.

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition furthercomprising an interferon or pegylated interferon.

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition furthercomprising a nucleoside analog.

The present invention also provides for a pharmaceutical compositionwherein said nucleoside analogue is selected from ribavirin, viramidine,levovirin, an L-nucleoside, and isatoribine and said interferon isα-interferon or pegylated α-interferon.

The present invention also provides for a method of treating disordersassociated with hepatitis C, said method comprising administering to anindividual a pharmaceutical composition which comprises atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The present invention also provides a method of inhibiting HCV,comprising administering to a mammal afflicted with a conditionassociated with HCV activity, an amount of a compound of the invention,effective to inhibit HCV.

The present invention also provides a compound of the invention for usein medical therapy (preferably for use in inhibiting HCV activity ortreating a condition associated with HCV activity), as well as the useof a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicamentuseful for inhibiting HCV or the treatment of a condition associatedwith HCV activity in a mammal.

The present invention also provides synthetic processes and novelintermediates disclosed herein which are useful for preparing compoundsof the invention. Some of the compounds of the invention are useful toprepare other compounds of the invention.

In another aspect the invention provides a compound of formula I, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in theprophylactic or therapeutic treatment of hepatitis C or a hepatitis Cassociated disorder.

In another aspect the invention provides a method of inhibiting HCVactivity in a sample comprising treating the sample with a compound ofthe invention.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound having improvedinhibitory or pharmacokinetic properties, including enhanced activityagainst development of viral resistance, improved oral bioavailability,greater potency (for example, in inhibiting HCV activity) or extendedeffective half-life in vivo. Certain compounds of the invention may havefewer side effects, less complicated dosing schedules, or be orallyactive.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of theinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingstructures and formulas. While the invention will be described inconjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will be understood thatthey are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. Onthe contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives,modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scopeof the present invention as defined by the embodiments.

Compounds of the Invention

The compounds of the invention exclude compounds heretofore known.However, it is within the invention to use compounds that previouslywere not known to have antiviral properties for antiviral purposes (e.g.to produce an anti-viral effect in an animal). With respect to theUnited States, the compounds or compositions herein exclude compoundsthat are anticipated under 35 USC §102 or that are obvious under 35 USC§103.

Whenever a compound described herein is substituted with more than oneof the same designated group, e.g., “R¹” or “A³”, then it will beunderstood that the groups may be the same or different, i.e., eachgroup is independently selected.

“Absent” —Some groups are defined such that they can be absent. When agroup is absent it becomes a bond connector. The two groups that wouldotherwise be connected to that absent group are connected to each otherthrough a bond. For example, when W is absent, M is bonded to M.

“Alkyl” is C₁-C₁₈ hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary, tertiary orcyclic carbon atoms. Examples are methyl (Me, —CH₃), ethyl (Et,—CH₂CH₃), 1-propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, —CH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-propyl (i-Pr,i-propyl, —CH(CH₃)₂), 1-butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃),2-methyl-1-propyl (i-Bu, i-butyl, —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl,—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl, —C(CH₃)₃), 1-pentyl(n-pentyl, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-pentyl (—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃), 3-pentyl(—CH(CH₂CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-2-butyl (—C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃), 3-methyl-2-butyl(—CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)₂), 3-methyl-1-butyl (—CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-1-butyl(—CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), 1-hexyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-hexyl(—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 3-hexyl (—CH(CH₂CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₃)),2-methyl-2-pentyl (—C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 3-methyl-2-pentyl(—CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), 4-methyl-2-pentyl (—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂),3-methyl-3-pentyl (—C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-3-pentyl(—CH(CH₂CH₃)CH(CH₃)₂), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (—C(CH₃)₂CH(CH₃)₂),3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (—CH(CH₃)C(CH₃)₃, and cyclopropylmethyl

“Alkenyl” is C₂-C₁₈ hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary, tertiaryor cyclic carbon atoms with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e. acarbon-carbon, sp² double bond. Examples include, but are not limitedto, ethylene or vinyl (—CH═CH₂), allyl (—CH₂CH═CH₂), cyclopentenyl(—C₅H₇), and 5-hexenyl (—CH₂ CH₂CH₂CH₂CH═CH₂).

“Alkynyl” is C₂-C₁₈ hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary, tertiaryor cyclic carbon atoms with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e. acarbon-carbon, sp triple bond. Examples include, but are not limited to,acetylenic (—C≡CH) and propargyl (—CH₂C≡CH).

“Alkylene” refers to a saturated, branched or straight chain or cyclichydrocarbon radical of 1-18 carbon atoms, and having two monovalentradical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from thesame or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkane. Typical alkyleneradicals include, but are not limited to, methylene (—CH₂—) 1,2-ethyl(—CH₂CH₂—), 1,3-propyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂—), 1,4-butyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—), andthe like.

“Alkenylene” refers to an unsaturated, branched or straight chain orcyclic hydrocarbon radical of 2-18 carbon atoms, and having twomonovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atomsfrom the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkene. Typicalalkenylene radicals include, but are not limited to, 1,2-ethylene(—CH═CH—).

“Alkynylene” refers to an unsaturated, branched or straight chain orcyclic hydrocarbon radical of 2-18 carbon atoms, and having twomonovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atomsfrom the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkyne. Typicalalkynylene radicals include, but are not limited to, acetylene (—C≡C—),propargyl (—CH₂C≡C—), and 4-pentynyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂C≡CH).

“Aryl” means a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical of 6-20 carbonatoms derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbonatom of a parent aromatic ring system. Typical aryl groups include, butare not limited to, radicals derived from benzene, substituted benzene,naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, and the like.

“Arylalkyl” refers to an acyclic alkyl radical in which one of thehydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or sp³carbon atom, is replaced with an aryl radical. Typical arylalkyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-1-yl,naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethan-1-yl, naphthobenzyl,2-naphthophenylethan-1-yl and the like. The arylalkyl group comprises 6to 20 carbon atoms, e.g., the alkyl moiety, including alkanyl, alkenylor alkynyl groups, of the arylalkyl group is 1 to 6 carbon atoms and thearyl moiety is 5 to 14 carbon atoms.

The term “polycarbocycle” refers to a saturated or unsaturatedpolycyclic ring system having from about 6 to about 25 carbon atoms andhaving two or more rings (e.g. 2, 3, 4, or 5 rings). The rings can befused and/or bridged to form the polycyclic ring system. For example,the term includes bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] ring systems, aswell as the following bridged ring systems:

(i.e., [2.1.1], [2.2.1], [3.3.3], [4.3.1], [2.2.2], [4.2.2], [4.2.1],[4.3.2], [3.1.1], [3.2.1], [4.3.3], [3.3.2], [3.2.2] and [3.3.1]polycyclic rings, respectively) that can be linked to the remainder ofthe compound of formula (I) through any synthetically feasible position.Like the other polycarbocycles, these representative bicyclo and fusedring systems can optionally comprise one or more double bonds in thering system.

The term “polyheterocycle” refers to a polycarbocycle as defined herein,wherein one or more carbon atoms is replaced with a heteroatom (e.g., O,S, S(O), S(O)₂, N⁺(O⁻)R_(x), or NR_(x)); wherein each R_(x) isindependently H, (C1-10)alkyl, (C2-10)alkenyl, (C2-10)alkynyl,(C1-10)alkanoyl, S(O)₂NR_(n)R_(p), S(O)₂R_(x), or (C1-10)alkoxy, whereineach (C1-10)alkyl, (C2-10)alkenyl, (C2-10)alkynyl, (C1-10)alkanoyl, and(C1-10)alkoxy is optionally substituted with one or more halo).

“Substituted alkyl”, “substituted aryl”, and “substituted arylalkyl”mean alkyl, aryl, and arylalkyl respectively, in which one or morehydrogen atoms are each independently replaced with a non-hydrogensubstituent. Typical substituents include, but are not limited to: halo(e.g. F, Cl, Br, I), —R, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R)C(═O)R, —C(═O)R, —OC(═O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(═O)NRR, —S(═O)R, —S(═O)₂OR,—S(═O)₂R, —OS(═O)₂OR, —S(═O)₂NRR, and each R is independently —H, alkyl,aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle. Alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylenegroups may also be similarly substituted.

The term “optionally substituted” in reference to a particular moiety ofthe compound of formula I, (e.g., an optionally substituted aryl group)refers to a moiety having 0, 1, 2, or more substituents.

The symbol

in a ring structure means that a bond is a single or double bond. In anon-limiting example,

can be

“Haloalkyl” as used herein includes an alkyl group substituted with oneor more halogens (e.g. F, Cl, Br, or I). Representative examples ofhaloalkyl include trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl.

“Heterocycle” as used herein includes by way of example and notlimitation these heterocycles described in Paquette, Leo A.; Principlesof Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry (W. A. Benjamin, New York, 1968),particularly Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; The Chemistry ofHeterocyclic Compounds, A Series of Monographs” (John Wiley & Sons, NewYork, 1950 to present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28;and J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1960) 82:5566. In one specific embodiment of theinvention “heterocycle” includes a “carbocycle” as defined herein,wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4) carbon atoms have been replacedwith a heteroatom (e.g. O, N, or S).

Examples of heterocycles include by way of example and not limitationpyridyl, dihydropyridyl, tetrahydropyridyl(piperidyl), thiazolyl,tetrahydrothiophenyl, sulfur oxidized tetrahydrothiophenyl, pyrimidinyl,furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl,benzofuranyl, thianaphthalenyl, indolyl, indolenyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, piperidinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl,2-pyrrolidonyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl,azocinyl, triazinyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl, 2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl,thienyl, thianthrenyl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl,phenoxathinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl,pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, 1H-indazolyl, purinyl,4H-quinolizinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl,quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, 4H-carbazolyl, carbazolyl,β-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl,phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, furazanyl, phenoxazinyl, isochromanyl,chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl,piperazinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinuclidinyl, morpholinyl,oxazolidinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, oxindolyl, benzoxazolinyl,isatinoyl, and bis-tetrahydrofuranyl:

By way of example and not limitation, carbon bonded heterocycles arebonded at position 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridine, position 3, 4, 5, or6 of a pyridazine, position 2, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyrimidine, position 2,3, 5, or 6 of a pyrazine, position 2, 3, 4, or 5 of a furan,tetrahydrofuran, thiofuran, thiophene, pyrrole or tetrahydropyrrole,position 2, 4, or 5 of an oxazole, imidazole or thiazole, position 3, 4,or 5 of an isoxazole, pyrazole, or isothiazole, position 2 or 3 of anaziridine, position 2, 3, or 4 of an azetidine, position 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, or 8 of a quinoline or position 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of anisoquinoline. Still more typically, carbon bonded heterocycles include2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 5-pyridyl, 6-pyridyl, 3-pyridazinyl,4-pyridazinyl, 5-pyridazinyl, 6-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl,4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 6-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3-pyrazinyl,5-pyrazinyl, 6-pyrazinyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, or 5-thiazolyl.

By way of example and not limitation, nitrogen bonded heterocycles arebonded at position 1 of an aziridine, azetidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine,2-pyrroline, 3-pyrroline, imidazole, imidazolidine, 2-imidazoline,3-imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, 2-pyrazoline, 3-pyrazoline,piperidine, piperazine, indole, indoline, 1H-indazole, position 2 of aisoindole, or isoindoline, position 4 of a morpholine, and position 9 ofa carbazole, or 13-carboline. Still more typically, nitrogen bondedheterocycles include 1-aziridyl, 1-azetedyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 1-imidazolyl,1-pyrazolyl, and 1-piperidinyl.

“Carbocycle” refers to a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring havingup to about 25 carbon atoms. Typically, a carbocycle has about 3 to 7carbon atoms as a monocycle, about 7 to 12 carbon atoms as a bicycle,and up to about 25 carbon atoms as a polycycle. Monocyclic carbocyclestypically have 3 to 6 ring atoms, still more typically 5 or 6 ringatoms. Bicyclic carbocycles typically have 7 to 12 ring atoms, e.g.,arranged as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] system, or 9 or 10ring atoms arranged as a bicyclo [5,6] or [6,6] system. The termcarbocycle includes “cycloalkyl” which is a saturated or unsaturatedcarbocycle. Examples of monocyclic carbocycles include cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl,1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl,1-cyclohex-3-enyl, phenyl, spiryl and naphthyl.

The term “chiral” refers to molecules which have the property ofnon-superimposability of the minor image partner, while the term“achiral” refers to molecules which are superimposable on their mirrorimage partner.

The term “stereoisomers” refers to compounds which have identicalchemical constitution, but differ with regard to the arrangement of theatoms or groups in space.

“Diastereomer” refers to a stereoisomer with two or more centers ofchirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another.Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g., melting points,boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities. Mixtures ofdiastereomers may separate under high resolution analytical proceduressuch as electrophoresis and chromatography.

“Enantiomers” refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which arenon-superimposable mirror images of one another.

The term “treatment” or “treating,” to the extent it relates to adisease or condition includes preventing the disease or condition fromoccurring, inhibiting the disease or condition, eliminating the diseaseor condition, and/or relieving one or more symptoms of the disease orcondition.

Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally followS. P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984)McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and Eliel, E. and Wilen, S.,Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds (1994) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NewYork. Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., theyhave the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. Indescribing an optically active compound, the prefixes (D and L) or (Rand S) are used to denote the absolute configuration of the moleculeabout its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and l or (+) and (−) areemployed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light bythe compound, with (−) or 1 meaning that the compound is levorotatory. Acompound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemicalstructure, these stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirrorimages of one another. A specific stereoisomer may also be referred toas an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called anenantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as aracemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been nostereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process.The terms “racemic mixture” and “racemate” refer to an equimolar mixtureof two enantiomeric species, devoid of optical activity. The inventionincludes all stereoisomers of the compounds described herein.

Specific Definitions for Groups A⁰, M⁰, W⁰, L⁰, P⁰, J⁰, T⁰, V⁰, Z⁰, E⁰,and R9⁰

For the groups A⁰, M⁰, W⁰, L⁰, P⁰, J⁰, T⁰, V⁰, Z⁰, E⁰, and R9⁰ thefollowing definitions apply. These definitions also apply for all otherA, M, W, L, P, J, T, B, V, Z, E, and R9 groups unless those groups areotherwise defined herein.

Unless stated otherwise, all aryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl groupsof the present disclosure may be substituted as described in each oftheir respective definitions. For example, the aryl part of an arylalkylgroup may be substituted as described in the definition of the term‘aryl’.

The term “alkenyl,” as used herein, refers to a straight or branchedchain group of two to six carbon atoms containing at least onecarbon-carbon double bond.

The term “alkenyloxy,” as used herein, refers to an alkenyl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “alkenyloxycarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkenyloxygroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “alkoxy,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group attached tothe parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “alkoxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three alkoxy groups.

The term “alkoxyalkylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkoxyalkylgroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “alkoxycarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkoxy groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “alkoxycarbonylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three alkoxycarbonyl groups.

The term “alkyl,” as used herein, refers to a group derived from astraight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon containing from one tosix carbon atoms.

The term “alkylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “alkylcarbonylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three alkylcarbonyl groups.

The term “alkylcarbonyloxy,” as used herein, refers to an alkylcarbonylgroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “alkylsulfanyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.

The term “alkylsulfonyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.

The term “aryl,” as used herein, refers to a phenyl group, or a bicyclicfused ring system wherein one or both of the rings is a phenyl group.Bicyclic fused ring systems consist of a phenyl group fused to a four-to six-membered aromatic or non-aromatic carbocyclic ring. The arylgroups of the present disclosure can be attached to the parent molecularmoiety through any substitutable carbon atom in the group.Representative examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to,indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, phenyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl. The arylgroups of the present disclosure are optionally substituted with one,two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected fromalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, a second arylgroup, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo,and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen andalkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of the arylalkyl and theheterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein the second aryl group,the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkyl and theheterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one, two,or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, cyano,halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro. The term “arylalkenyl,” as usedherein, refers to an alkenyl group substituted with one, two, or threearyl groups.

The term “arylalkoxy,” as used herein, refers to an aryl group attachedto the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group.

The term “arylalkoxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three arylalkoxy groups.

The term “arylalkoxyalkylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to anarylalkoxyalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through acarbonyl group.

The term “arylalkoxycarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an arylalkoxygroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “arylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three aryl groups. The alkyl part of thearylalkyl is further optionally substituted with one or two additionalgroups independently selected from alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, halo,haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(c)R^(d), whereinthe heterocyclyl is further optionally substituted with one or twosubstituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, unsubstitutedaryl, unsubstituted arylalkoxy, unsubstituted arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(X)R^(Y);

The term “arylalkylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an arylalkylgroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “arylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an aryl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “aryloxy,” as used herein, refers to an aryl group attached tothe parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “aryloxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three aryloxy groups.

The term “aryloxycarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an aryloxy groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “arylsulfanyl,” as used herein, refers to an aryl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.

The term “arylsulfonyl,” as used herein, refers to an aryl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.

The terms “Cap” and “cap” as used herein, refer to the group which isplaced on the nitrogen atom of the terminal nitrogen-containing ring. Itshould be understood that “Cap” or “cap” can refer to the reagent usedto append the group to the terminal nitrogen-containing ring or to thefragment in the final product.

The term “carbonyl,” as used herein, refers to —C(═O)—.

The term “carboxy,” as used herein, refers to —CO₂H.

The term “cyano,” as used herein, refers to —CN.

The term “cyanoalkyl” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group having atleast one —CN substituent.

The term “cycloalkyl,” as used herein, refers to a saturated monocyclic,hydrocarbon ring system having three to seven carbon atoms and zeroheteroatoms. Representative examples of cycloalkyl groups include, butare not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Thecycloalkyl groups of the present disclosure are optionally substitutedwith one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, and —NR^(x)R^(y) wherein thearyl and the heterocyclyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and nitro.

The term “(cycloalkyl)alkenyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkenylgroup substituted with one, two, or three cycloalkyl groups.

The term “(cycloalkyl)alkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three cycloalkyl groups. The alkyl part ofthe (cycloalkyl)alkyl is further optionally substituted with one or twogroups independently selected from hydroxy and —NR^(c)R^(d).

The term “cycloalkyloxy,” as used herein, refers to a cycloalkyl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “cycloalkyloxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three cycloalkyloxy groups.

The term “cycloalkylsulfonyl,” as used herein, refers to a cycloalkylgroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.

The term “formyl,” as used herein, refers to —CHO.

The terms “halo” and “halogen,” as used herein, refer to F, Cl, Br, orI.

The term “haloalkoxy,” as used herein, refers to a haloalkyl groupattached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “haloalkoxycarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to a haloalkoxygroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.

The term “haloalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted by one, two, three, or four halogen atoms.

The term “haloalkylsulfanyl,” as used herein, refers to a haloalkylgroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.

The term “heterocyclyl,” as used herein, refers to a four-, five-, six-,or seven-membered ring containing one, two, three, or four heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Thefour-membered ring has zero double bonds, the five-membered ring haszero to two double bonds, and the six- and seven-membered rings havezero to three double bonds. The term “heterocyclyl” also includesbicyclic groups in which the heterocyclyl ring is fused to anothermonocyclic heterocyclyl group, or a four- to six-membered aromatic ornon-aromatic carbocyclic ring; as well as bridged bicyclic groups suchas 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-7-yl, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oc-2-tyl, and2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oc-3-tyl. The heterocyclyl groups of the presentdisclosure can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through anycarbon atom or nitrogen atom in the group. Examples of heterocyclylgroups include, but are not limited to, benzothienyl, furyl, imidazolyl,indolinyl, indolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, oxazolyl,piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrrolidinyl,pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, thiomorpholinyl,7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-7-yl, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oc-2-tyl, and2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oc-3-tyl. The heterocyclyl groups of the presentdisclosure are optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, orfive substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part ofthe arylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and whereinthe aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl partof the heterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are furtheroptionally substituted with one, two, or three substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, and nitro.

The term “heterocyclylalkenyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkenylgroup substituted with one, two, or three heterocyclyl groups.

The term “heterocyclylalkoxy,” as used herein, refers to a heterocyclylgroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group.

The term “heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to aheterocyclylalkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety througha carbonyl group.

The term “heterocyclylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three heterocyclyl groups. The alkyl partof the heterocyclylalkyl is further optionally substituted with one ortwo additional groups independently selected from alkoxy,alkylcarbonyloxy, aryl, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and—NR^(c)R^(d), wherein the aryl is further optionally substituted withone or two substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted arylalkoxy, unsubstitutedarylalkoxycarbonyl, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and—NR^(X)R^(Y).

The term “heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to aheterocyclylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety througha carbonyl group.

The term “heterocyclylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to aheterocyclyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through acarbonyl group.

The term “heterocyclyloxy,” as used herein, refers to a heterocyclylgroup attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.

The term “heterocyclyloxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkylgroup substituted with one, two, or three heterocyclyloxy groups.

The term “heterocyclyloxycarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to aheterocyclyloxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through acarbonyl group.

The term “hydroxy,” as used herein, refers to —OH.

The term “hydroxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three hydroxy groups.

The term “hydroxyalkylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to ahydroxyalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through acarbonyl group.

The term “nitro,” as used herein, refers to —NO₂.

The term “—NR^(a)R^(b),” as used herein, refers to two groups, R^(a) andR^(b), which are attached to the parent molecular moiety through anitrogen atom. R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyl, and alkyl.

The term “(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three —NR^(a)R^(b) groups.

The term “(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an—NR^(a)R^(b) group attached to the parent molecular moiety through acarbonyl group.

The term “—NR^(c)R^(d),” as used herein, refers to two groups, R^(c) andR^(d), which are attached to the parent molecular moiety through anitrogen atom. R^(c) and R^(d) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro.

The term “(NR^(c)R^(d))alkenyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkenylgroup substituted with one, two, or three —NR^(c)R^(d) groups.

The term “(NR^(c)R^(d))alkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three —NR^(c)R^(d) groups. The alkyl partof the (NR^(c)R^(d))alkyl is further optionally substituted with one ortwo additional groups selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfanyl, arylalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, carboxy,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, and (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl;wherein the heterocyclyl is further optionally substituted with one,two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected fromalkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro.

The term “(NR^(c)R^(d))carbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an—NR^(c)R^(d) group attached to the parent molecular moiety through acarbonyl group.

The term “—NR^(e)R^(f),” as used herein, refers to two groups, R^(e) andR^(f), which are attached to the parent molecular moiety through anitrogen atom. R^(e) and R^(f) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, unsubstitutedcycloalkyl, unsubstituted (cyclolalkyl)alkyl, unsubstitutedheterocyclyl, unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and—(NR^(X)R^(Y))carbonyl.

The term “(NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three —NR^(e)R^(f) groups.

The term “(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an(NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety througha carbonyl group.

The term “(NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,” as used herein, refers to an—NR^(e)R^(f) group attached to the parent molecular moiety through acarbonyl group.

The term “(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl,” as used herein, refers to an—NR^(e)R^(f) group attached to the parent molecular moiety through asulfonyl group.

The term “—NR^(X)R^(Y),” as used herein, refers to two groups, R^(X) andR^(Y), which are attached to the parent molecular moiety through anitrogen atom. R^(X) and R^(Y) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstitutedarylalkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl,unsubstituted heterocyclyl, and (NR^(X′)R^(Y′))carbonyl, wherein R^(X′)and R^(Y′) are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl.

The term “(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three —NR^(X)R^(Y) groups.

The term “oxo,” as used herein, refers to ═O.

The term “sulfonyl,” as used herein, refers to —SO₂—.

The term “trialkylsilyl,” as used herein, refers to —SiR₃, wherein R isalkyl. The R groups may be the same or different

The term “trialkylsilylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with one, two, or three trialkylsilyl groups.

The term “trialkylsilylalkoxy,” as used herein, refers to atrialkylsilylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety throughan oxygen atom.

The term “trialkylsilylalkoxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkylgroup substituted with one, two, or three trialkylsilylalkoxy groups.

Prodrugs

The term “prodrug” as used herein refers to any compound that whenadministered to a biological system generates a compound of theinvention that inhibits HCV activity (“the active inhibitory compound”).The compound may be formed from the prodrug as a result of: (i)spontaneous chemical reaction(s), (ii) enzyme catalyzed chemicalreaction(s), (iii) photolysis, and/or (iv) metabolic chemicalreaction(s).

“Prodrug moiety” refers to a labile functional group which separatesfrom the active inhibitory compound during metabolism, systemically,inside a cell, by hydrolysis, enzymatic cleavage, or by some otherprocess (Bundgaard, Hans, “Design and Application of Prodrugs” in ATextbook of Drug Design and Development (1991), P. Krogsgaard-Larsen andH. Bundgaard, Eds. Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 113-191). Enzymeswhich are capable of an enzymatic activation mechanism with the prodrugcompounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, amidases,esterases, microbial enzymes, phospholipases, cholinesterases, andphosphases. Prodrug moieties can serve to enhance solubility, absorptionand lipophilicity to optimize drug delivery, bioavailability andefficacy. A prodrug moiety may include an active metabolite or drugitself.

Exemplary prodrug moieties include the hydrolytically sensitive orlabile acyloxymethyl esters —CH₂C(═O)R⁹⁹ and acyloxymethyl carbonates—CH₂C(═O)OR⁹⁹ where R⁹⁹ is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ substituted alkyl, C₆-C₂₀aryl or C₆-C₂₀ substituted aryl. The acyloxyalkyl ester was first usedas a prodrug strategy for carboxylic acids and then applied tophosphates and phosphonates by Farquhar et al. (1983) J. Pharm. Sci. 72:324; also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,816,570, 4,968,788, 5,663,159 and 5,792,756.Subsequently, the acyloxyalkyl ester was used to deliver phosphonicacids across cell membranes and to enhance oral bioavailability. A closevariant of the acyloxyalkyl ester, the alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl ester(carbonate), may also enhance oral bioavailability as a prodrug moietyin the compounds of the combinations of the invention. An exemplaryacyloxymethyl ester is pivaloyloxymethoxy, (POM) —CH₂C(═O)C(CH₃)₃. Anexemplary acyloxymethyl carbonate prodrug moiety ispivaloyloxymethylcarbonate (POC) —CH₂C(═O)OC(CH₃)₃.

Aryl esters of phosphorus groups, especially phenyl esters, are reportedto enhance oral bioavailability (De Lombaert et al. (1994) J. Med. Chem.37: 498). Phenyl esters containing a carboxylic ester ortho to aphosphate have also been described (Khamnei and Torrence, (1996) J. Med.Chem. 39:4109-4115). Benzyl esters are reported to generate parentphosphonic acids. In some cases, substituents at the ortho- orpara-position may accelerate the hydrolysis. Benzyl analogs with anacylated phenol or an alkylated phenol may generate the phenoliccompound through the action of enzymes, e.g., esterases, oxidases, etc.,which in turn undergoes cleavage at the benzylic C—O bond to generatephosphoric acid and a quinone methide intermediate. Examples of thisclass of prodrugs are described by Mitchell et al. (1992) J. Chem. Soc.Perkin Trans. II 2345; Glazier WO 91/19721. Still other benzylicprodrugs have been described containing a carboxylic ester-containinggroup attached to the benzylic methylene (Glazier WO 91/19721).Thio-containing prodrugs are reported to be useful for the intracellulardelivery of phosphonate drugs. These proesters contain an ethylthiogroup in which the thiol group is either esterified with an acyl groupor combined with another thiol group to form a disulfide.Deesterification or reduction of the disulfide generates the free thiointermediate which subsequently breaks down to the phosphoric acid andepisulfide (Puech et al. (1993) Antiviral Res., 22: 155-174; Benzaria etal. (1996) J. Med. Chem. 39: 4958).

Protecting Groups

In the context of the present invention, protecting groups includeprodrug moieties and chemical protecting groups.

“Protecting group” refers to a moiety of a compound that masks or altersthe properties of a functional group or the properties of the compoundas a whole. Chemical protecting groups and strategies forprotection/deprotection are well known in the art. See e.g., ProtectiveGroups in Organic Chemistry, Theodora W. Greene, John Wiley & Sons,Inc., New York, 1991. Protecting groups are often utilized to mask thereactivity of certain functional groups, to assist in the efficiency ofdesired chemical reactions, e.g., making and breaking chemical bonds inan ordered and planned fashion. Protection of functional groups of acompound alters other physical properties besides the reactivity of theprotected functional group, such as the polarity, lipophilicity(hydrophobicity), and other properties which can be measured by commonanalytical tools. Chemically protected intermediates may themselves bebiologically active or inactive.

Protected compounds may also exhibit altered, and in some cases,optimized properties in vitro and in vivo, such as passage throughcellular membranes and resistance to enzymatic degradation orsequestration. In this role, protected compounds with intendedtherapeutic effects may be referred to as prodrugs. Another function ofa protecting group is to convert the parental drug into a prodrug,whereby the parental drug is released upon conversion of the prodrug invivo. Because active prodrugs may be absorbed more effectively than theparental drug, prodrugs may possess greater potency in vivo than theparental drug. Protecting groups are removed either in vitro, in theinstance of chemical intermediates, or in vivo, in the case of prodrugs.With chemical intermediates, it is not particularly important that theresulting products after deprotection, e.g., alcohols, bephysiologically acceptable, although in general it is more desirable ifthe products are pharmacologically innocuous.

Protecting groups are available, commonly known and used, and areoptionally used to prevent side reactions with the protected groupduring synthetic procedures, i.e. routes or methods to prepare thecompounds of the invention. For the most part the decision as to whichgroups to protect, when to do so, and the nature of the chemicalprotecting group “PG” will be dependent upon the chemistry of thereaction to be protected against (e.g., acidic, basic, oxidative,reductive or other conditions) and the intended direction of thesynthesis. PGs do not need to be, and generally are not, the same if thecompound is substituted with multiple PG. In general, PG will be used toprotect functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, thio, or aminogroups and to thus prevent side reactions or to otherwise facilitate thesynthetic efficiency. The order of deprotection to yield freedeprotected groups is dependent upon the intended direction of thesynthesis and the reaction conditions to be encountered, and may occurin any order as determined by the artisan.

Various functional groups of the compounds of the invention may beprotected. For example, protecting groups for —OH groups (whetherhydroxyl, carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, or other functions) include“ether- or ester-forming groups”. Ether- or ester-forming groups arecapable of functioning as chemical protecting groups in the syntheticschemes set forth herein. However, some hydroxyl and thio protectinggroups are neither ether- nor ester-forming groups, as will beunderstood by those skilled in the art, and are included with amides,discussed below.

A very large number of hydroxyl protecting groups and amide-forminggroups and corresponding chemical cleavage reactions are described inProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Theodora W. Greene (John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 1991, ISBN 0-471-62301-6) (“Greene”). See alsoKocienski, Philip J.; Protecting Groups (Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart,New York, 1994), which is incorporated by reference in its entiretyherein. In particular Chapter 1, Protecting Groups: An Overview, pages1-20, Chapter 2, Hydroxyl Protecting Groups, pages 21-94, Chapter 3,Diol Protecting Groups, pages 95-117, Chapter 4, Carboxyl ProtectingGroups, pages 118-154, Chapter 5, Carbonyl Protecting Groups, pages155-184. For protecting groups for carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid,phosphonate, sulfonic acid and other protecting groups for acids seeGreene as set forth below.

By way of example and not limitation, R¹, R³, R^(A1), R^(A3), and X^(A)are recursive substituents in certain embodiments. Typically, each ofthese may independently occur 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11,10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0, times in a given embodiment. Moretypically, each of these may independently occur 12 or fewer times in agiven embodiment. Whenever a compound described herein is substitutedwith more than one of the same designated group, e.g., “R¹” or “R³”,then it will be understood that the groups may be the same or different,i.e., each group is independently selected. Wavy lines indicate the siteof covalent bond attachments to the adjoining groups, moieties, oratoms.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound is in an isolated andpurified form. Generally, the term “isolated and purified” means thatthe compound is substantially free from biological materials (e.g.blood, tissue, cells, etc.). In one specific embodiment of theinvention, the term means that the compound or conjugate of theinvention is at least about 50 wt. % free from biological materials; inanother specific embodiment, the term means that the compound orconjugate of the invention is at least about 75 wt. % free frombiological materials; in another specific embodiment, the term meansthat the compound or conjugate of the invention is at least about 90 wt.% free from biological materials; in another specific embodiment, theterm means that the compound or conjugate of the invention is at leastabout 98 wt. % free from biological materials; and in anotherembodiment, the term means that the compound or conjugate of theinvention is at least about 99 wt. % free from biological materials. Inanother specific embodiment, the invention provides a compound orconjugate of the invention that has been synthetically prepared (e.g.,ex vivo).

Stereoisomers

The compounds of the invention may have chiral centers, e.g., chiralcarbon or phosphorus atoms. The compounds of the invention thus includeracemic mixtures of all stereoisomers, including enantiomers,diastereomers, and atropisomers. In addition, the compounds of theinvention include enriched or resolved optical isomers at any or allasymmetric, chiral atoms. In other words, the chiral centers apparentfrom the depictions are provided as the chiral isomers or racemicmixtures. Both racemic and diastereomeric mixtures, as well as theindividual optical isomers isolated or synthesized, substantially freeof their enantiomeric or diastereomeric partners, are all within thescope of the invention. The racemic mixtures are separated into theirindividual, substantially optically pure isomers through well-knowntechniques such as, for example, the separation of diastereomeric saltsformed with optically active adjuncts, e.g., acids or bases followed byconversion back to the optically active substances. In most instances,the desired optical isomer is synthesized by means of stereospecificreactions, beginning with the appropriate stereoisomer of the desiredstarting material.

The compounds of the invention can also exist as tautomeric isomers incertain cases. Although only one delocalized resonance structure may bedepicted, all such forms are contemplated within the scope of theinvention. For example, ene-amine tautomers can exist for purine,pyrimidine, imidazole, guanidine, amidine, and tetrazole systems and alltheir possible tautomeric forms are within the scope of the invention.

Salts and Hydrates

Examples of physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of theinvention include salts derived from an appropriate base, such as analkali metal (for example, sodium), an alkaline earth metal (forexample, magnesium), ammonium and NX₄ ⁺ (wherein X is C₁-C₄ alkyl).Physiologically acceptable salts of a hydrogen atom or an amino groupinclude salts of organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, benzoic,lactic, fumaric, tartaric, maleic, malonic, malic, isethionic,lactobionic and succinic acids; organic sulfonic acids, such asmethanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic and p-toluenesulfonicacids; and inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoricand sulfamic acids. Physiologically acceptable salts of a compound of ahydroxy group include the anion of said compound in combination with asuitable cation such as Na⁺ and NX₄ ⁺ (wherein X is independentlyselected from H or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group).

For therapeutic use, salts of active ingredients of the compounds of theinvention will typically be physiologically acceptable, i.e. they willbe salts derived from a physiologically acceptable acid or base.However, salts of acids or bases which are not physiologicallyacceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation orpurification of a physiologically acceptable compound. All salts,whether or not derived form a physiologically acceptable acid or base,are within the scope of the present invention.

Metal salts typically are prepared by reacting the metal hydroxide witha compound of this invention. Examples of metal salts which are preparedin this way are salts containing Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺. A less soluble metalsalt can be precipitated from the solution of a more soluble salt byaddition of the suitable metal compound.

In addition, salts may be formed from acid addition of certain organicand inorganic acids, e.g., HCl, HBr, H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄ or organic sulfonicacids, to basic centers, typically amines, or to acidic groups. Finally,it is to be understood that the compositions herein comprise compoundsof the invention in their un-ionized, as well as zwitterionic form, andcombinations with stoichiometric amounts of water as in hydrates.

Also included within the scope of this invention are the salts of theparental compounds with one or more amino acids. Any of the natural orunnatural amino acids are suitable, especially the naturally-occurringamino acids found as protein components, although the amino acidtypically is one bearing a side chain with a basic or acidic group,e.g., lysine, arginine or glutamic acid, or a neutral group such asglycine, serine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine, or leucine.

Methods of Inhibition of HCV

Another aspect of the invention relates to methods of inhibiting theactivity of HCV comprising the step of treating a sample suspected ofcontaining HCV with a compound or composition of the invention.

Compounds of the invention may act as inhibitors of HCV, asintermediates for such inhibitors or have other utilities as describedbelow. The inhibitors will generally bind to locations on the surface orin a cavity of the liver. Compounds binding in the liver may bind withvarying degrees of reversibility. Those compounds binding substantiallyirreversibly are ideal candidates for use in this method of theinvention. Once labeled, the substantially irreversibly bindingcompounds are useful as probes for the detection of HCV. Accordingly,the invention relates to methods of detecting NS3 in a sample suspectedof containing HCV comprising the steps of: treating a sample suspectedof containing HCV with a composition comprising a compound of theinvention bound to a label; and observing the effect of the sample onthe activity of the label. Suitable labels are well known in thediagnostics field and include stable free radicals, fluorophores,radioisotopes, enzymes, chemiluminescent groups and chromogens. Thecompounds herein are labeled in conventional fashion using functionalgroups such as hydroxyl or amino. In one embodiment the inventionprovides a compound of formula (I) that comprises or that is bound orlinked to one or more detectable labels. Within the context of theinvention samples suspected of containing HCV include natural orman-made materials such as living organisms; tissue or cell cultures;biological samples such as biological material samples (blood, serum,urine, cerebrospinal fluid, tears, sputum, saliva, tissue samples, andthe like); laboratory samples; food, water, or air samples; bioproductsamples such as extracts of cells, particularly recombinant cellssynthesizing a desired glycoprotein; and the like. Typically the samplewill be suspected of containing HCV. Samples can be contained in anymedium including water and organic solvent/water mixtures. Samplesinclude living organisms such as humans, and man made materials such ascell cultures.

The treating step of the invention comprises adding the compound of theinvention to the sample or it comprises adding a precursor of thecomposition to the sample. The addition step comprises any method ofadministration as described above.

If desired, the activity of HCV after application of the compound can beobserved by any method including direct and indirect methods ofdetecting HCV activity. Quantitative, qualitative, and semiquantitativemethods of determining HCV activity are all contemplated. Typically oneof the screening methods described above are applied, however, any othermethod such as observation of the physiological properties of a livingorganism are also applicable.

Many organisms contain HCV. The compounds of this invention are usefulin the treatment or prophylaxis of conditions associated with HCVactivation in animals or in man.

However, in screening compounds capable of inhibiting HCV activity itshould be kept in mind that the results of enzyme assays may not alwayscorrelate with cell culture assays. Thus, a cell based assay shouldtypically be the primary screening tool.

Pharmaceutical Formulations

The compounds of this invention are formulated with conventionalcarriers and excipients, which will be selected in accord with ordinarypractice. Tablets will contain excipients, glidants, fillers, bindersand the like. Aqueous formulations are prepared in sterile form, andwhen intended for delivery by other than oral administration generallywill be isotonic. All formulations will optionally contain excipientssuch as those set forth in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(1986). Excipients include ascorbic acid and other antioxidants,chelating agents such as EDTA, carbohydrates such as dextrin,hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearic acid and thelike. The pH of the formulations ranges from about 3 to about 11, but isordinarily about 7 to 10.

While it is possible for the active ingredients to be administered aloneit may be preferable to present them as pharmaceutical formulations. Theformulations, both for veterinary and for human use, of the inventioncomprise at least one active ingredient, as above defined, together withone or more acceptable carriers therefor and optionally othertherapeutic ingredients. The carrier(s) must be “acceptable” in thesense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulationand physiologically innocuous to the recipient thereof.

The formulations include those suitable for the foregoing administrationroutes. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosageform and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art ofpharmacy. Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.). Such methodsinclude the step of bringing into association the active ingredient withthe carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. Ingeneral the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimatelybringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers orfinely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shapingthe product.

Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administrationmay be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tabletseach containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as apowder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous ornon-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or awater-in-oil liquid emulsion. The active ingredient may also beadministered as a bolus, electuary or paste.

A tablet is made by compression or molding, optionally with one or moreaccessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressingin a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form suchas a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant,inert diluent, preservative, surface active or dispersing agent. Moldedtablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of thepowdered active ingredient moistened with an inert liquid diluent. Thetablets may optionally be coated or scored and optionally are formulatedso as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredienttherefrom.

For administration to the eye or other external tissues e.g., mouth andskin, the formulations are preferably applied as a topical ointment orcream containing the active ingredient(s) in an amount of, for example,0.075 to 20% w/w (including active ingredient(s) in a range between 0.1%and 20% in increments of 0.1% w/w such as 0.6% w/w, 0.7% w/w, etc.),preferably 0.2 to 15% w/w and most preferably 0.5 to 10% w/w. Whenformulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed witheither a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively,the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-watercream base.

If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, forexample, at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol, i.e. an alcoholhaving two or more hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol(including PEG 400) and mixtures thereof. The topical formulations maydesirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration ofthe active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examplesof such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethyl sulphoxide andrelated analogs.

The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constitutedfrom known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprisemerely an emulsifier (otherwise known as an emulgent), it desirablycomprises a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil orwith both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier isincluded together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as astabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat.Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make up theso-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fatmake up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oilydispersed phase of the cream formulations.

Emulgents and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulationof the invention include Tween® 60, Span® 80, cetostearyl alcohol,benzyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-stearate and sodiumlauryl sulfate.

The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based onachieving the desired cosmetic properties. The cream should preferablybe a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitableconsistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight orbranched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate,isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids,isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate,2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters known asCrodamol CAP may be used, the last three being preferred esters. Thesemay be used alone or in combination depending on the propertiesrequired. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white softparaffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils are used.

Pharmaceutical formulations according to the present invention compriseone or more compounds of the invention together with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients and optionally othertherapeutic agents. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the activeingredient may be in any form suitable for the intended method ofadministration. When used for oral use for example, tablets, troches,lozenges, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules,emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups or elixirs may be prepared.Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to anymethod known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceuticalcompositions and such compositions may contain one or more agentsincluding sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents andpreserving agents, in order to provide a palatable preparation. Tabletscontaining the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxicpharmaceutically acceptable excipient which are suitable for manufactureof tablets are acceptable. These excipients may be, for example, inertdiluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, lactosemonohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, calcium or sodiumphosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch,or alginic acid; binding agents, such as cellulose, microcrystallinecellulose, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such asmagnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets may be uncoated or maybe coated by known techniques including microencapsulation to delaydisintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and therebyprovide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a timedelay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearatealone or with a wax may be employed.

Formulations for oral use may be also presented as hard gelatin capsuleswhere the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, forexample calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules whereinthe active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, such aspeanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.

Aqueous suspensions of the invention contain the active materials inadmixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueoussuspensions. Such excipients include a suspending agent, such as sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcelluose,sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia,and dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurringphosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkyleneoxide with a fatty acid (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), a condensationproduct of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g.,heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxidewith a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol anhydride(e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate). The aqueous suspension mayalso contain one or more preservatives such as ethyl or n-propylp-hydroxy-benzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoringagents and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.

Oil suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient ina vegetable oil, such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconutoil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oral suspensionsmay contain a thickening agent, such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetylalcohol. Sweetening agents, such as those set forth above, and flavoringagents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. Thesecompositions may be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such asascorbic acid.

Dispersible powders and granules of the invention suitable forpreparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water providethe active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, asuspending agent, and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing orwetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those disclosedabove. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring andcoloring agents, may also be present.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the formof oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, suchas olive oil or arachis oil, a mineral oil, such as liquid paraffin, ora mixture of these. Suitable emulsifying agents includenaturally-occurring gums, such as gum acacia and gum tragacanth,naturally occurring phosphatides, such as soybean lecithin, esters orpartial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, such assorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of these partial esterswith ethylene oxide, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. Theemulsion may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. Syrups andelixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, such as glycerol,sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, apreservative, a flavoring or a coloring agent.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be in the form of asterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous oroleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according tothe known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents andsuspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterileinjectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution orsuspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent,such as a solution in 1,3-butane-diol or prepared as a lyophilizedpowder. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employedare water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. Inaddition, sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solventor suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may beemployed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fattyacids such as oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation ofinjectables.

The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carriermaterial to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon thehost treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, atime-release formulation intended for oral administration to humans maycontain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active material compounded with anappropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may varyfrom about 5 to about 95% of the total compositions (weight:weight). Thepharmaceutical composition can be prepared to provide easily measurableamounts for administration. For example, an aqueous solution intendedfor intravenous infusion may contain from about 3 to 500 μg of theactive ingredient per milliliter of solution in order that infusion of asuitable volume at a rate of about 30 mL/hr can occur.

Formulations suitable for administration to the eye include eye dropswherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitablecarrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredient. Theactive ingredient is preferably present in such formulations in aconcentration of 0.5 to 20%, advantageously 0.5 to 10% particularlyabout 1.5% w/w.

Formulations suitable for topical administration in the mouth includelozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis, usuallysucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the activeingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucroseand acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in asuitable liquid carrier.

Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppositorywith a suitable base comprising for example cocoa butter or asalicylate.

Formulations suitable for intrapulmonary or nasal administration have aparticle size for example in the range of 0.1 to 500 microns (includingparticle sizes in a range between 0.1 and 500 microns in incrementsmicrons such as 0.5, 1, 30 microns, 35 microns, etc.), which isadministered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage or byinhalation through the mouth so as to reach the alveolar sacs. Suitableformulations include aqueous or oily solutions of the active ingredient.Formulations suitable for aerosol or dry powder administration may beprepared according to conventional methods and may be delivered withother therapeutic agents such as compounds heretofore used in thetreatment or prophylaxis of conditions associated with HCV activity.

Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be presented aspessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulationscontaining in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as areknown in the art to be appropriate.

Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous andnon-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants,buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonicwith the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueoussterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickeningagents.

The formulations are presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers,for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in afreeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of thesterile liquid carrier, for example water for injection, immediatelyprior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions areprepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kindpreviously described. Preferred unit dosage formulations are thosecontaining a daily dose or unit daily sub-dose, as herein above recited,or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.

It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularlymentioned above the formulations of this invention may include otheragents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulationin question, for example those suitable for oral administration mayinclude flavoring agents.

The invention further provides veterinary compositions comprising atleast one active ingredient as above defined together with a veterinarycarrier therefor.

Veterinary carriers are materials useful for the purpose ofadministering the composition and may be solid, liquid or gaseousmaterials which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary artand are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinarycompositions may be administered orally, parenterally or by any otherdesired route.

Compounds of the invention can also be formulated to provide controlledrelease of the active ingredient to allow less frequent dosing or toimprove the pharmacokinetic or toxicity profile of the activeingredient. Accordingly, the invention also provides compositionscomprising one or more compounds of the invention formulated forsustained or controlled release.

Effective dose of active ingredient depends at least on the nature ofthe condition being treated, toxicity, whether the compound is beingused prophylactically (lower doses), the method of delivery, and thepharmaceutical formulation, and will be determined by the clinicianusing conventional dose escalation studies.

Routes of Administration

One or more compounds of the invention (herein referred to as the activeingredients) are administered by any route appropriate to the conditionto be treated. Suitable routes include oral, rectal, nasal, topical(including buccal and sublingual), vaginal and parenteral (includingsubcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal andepidural), and the like. It will be appreciated that the preferred routemay vary with for example the condition of the recipient. An advantageof the compounds of this invention is that they are orally bioavailableand can be dosed orally.

HCV Combination Therapy

In another embodiment, non-limiting examples of suitable combinationsinclude combinations of one or more compounds of the present inventionwith one or more interferons, ribavirin or its analogs, HCV NS3 proteaseinhibitors, alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors, hepatoprotectants,nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase,non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, HCV NS5A inhibitors,TLR-7 agonists, cyclophillin inhibitors, HCV IRES inhibitors,pharmacokinetic enhancers, and other drugs for treating HCV.

More specifically, one or more compounds of the present invention may becombined with one or more compounds selected from the group consistingof

1) interferons, e.g., pegylated rIFN-alpha 2b (PEG-Intron), pegylatedrIFN-alpha 2a (Pegasys), rIFN-alpha 2b (Intron A), rIFN-alpha 2a(Roferon-A), interferon alpha (MOR-22, OPC-18, Alfaferone, Alfanative,Multiferon, subalin), interferon alfacon-1 (Infergen), interferonalpha-n1 (Wellferon), interferon alpha-n3 (Alferon), interferon-beta(Avonex, DL-8234), interferon-omega (omega DUROS, Biomed 510),albinterferon alpha-2b (Albuferon), IFN alpha-2b XL, BLX-883 (Locteron),DA-3021, glycosylated interferon alpha-2b (AVI-005), PEG-Infergen,PEGylated interferon lambda-1 (PEGylated IL-29), and belerofon,

2) ribavirin and its analogs, e.g., ribavirin (Rebetol, Copegus), andtaribavirin (Viramidine),

3) HCV NS3 protease inhibitors, e.g., boceprevir (SCH-503034, SCH-7),telaprevir (VX-950), TMC435350, BI-1335, BI-1230, MK-7009, VBY-376,VX-500, GS-9256, GS-9451, BMS-790052, BMS-605339, PHX-1766, AS-101,YH-5258, YH5530, YH5531, and ITMN-191,

4) alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors, e.g., celgosivir (MX-3253), Miglitol,and UT-231B,

5) hepatoprotectants, e.g., emericasan (IDN-6556), ME-3738, GS-9450(LB-84451), silibilin, and MitoQ,

6) nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, e.g.,R1626, R7128 (R4048), IDX184, IDX-102, BCX-4678, valopicitabine(NM-283), and MK-0608,

7) non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, e.g., PF-868554,VCH-759, VCH-916, JTK-652, MK-3281, GS-9190, VBY-708, VCH-222, A848837,ANA-598, GL60667, GL59728, A-63890, A-48773, A-48547, BC-2329, VCH-796(nesbuvir), GSK625433, BILN-1941, XTL-2125, and GS-9190,

8) HCV NS5A inhibitors, e.g., AZD-2836 (A-831), BMS-790052, and A-689,

9) TLR-7 agonists, e.g., imiquimod, 852A, GS-9524, ANA-773, ANA-975,AZD-8848 (DSP-3025), and SM-360320,

10) cyclophillin inhibitors, e.g., DEBIO-025, SCY-635, and NIM811,

11) HCV IRES inhibitors, e.g., MCI-067,

12) pharmacokinetic enhancers, e.g., BAS-100, SPI-452, PF-4194477,TMC-41629, GS-9350, GS-9585, and roxythromycin,

13) other drugs for treating HCV, e.g., thymosin alpha 1 (Zadaxin),nitazoxanide (Alinea, NTZ), BIVN-401 (virostat), PYN-17 (altirex),KPE02003002, actilon (CPG-10101), GS-9525, KRN-7000, civacir, GI-5005,XTL-6865, BIT225, PTX-111, ITX2865, TT-033i, ANA 971, NOV-205, tarvacin,EHC-18, VGX-410C, EMZ-702, AVI 4065, BMS-650032, BMS-791325,Bavituximab, MDX-1106 (ONO-4538), Oglufanide, and VX-497 (merimepodib).

In yet another embodiment, the present application disclosespharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the presentinvention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or esterthereof, in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent,and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

According to the present invention, the therapeutic agent used incombination with the compound of the present invention can be any agenthaving a therapeutic effect when used in combination with the compoundof the present invention. For example, the therapeutic agent used incombination with the compound of the present invention can beinterferons, ribavirin analogs, NS3 protease inhibitors, NS5b polymeraseinhibitors, alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors, hepatoprotectants,non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV, and other drugs for treating HCV.

In another embodiment, the present application provides pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising a compound of the present invention, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, incombination with at least one additional therapeutic agent selected fromthe group consisting of pegylated rIFN-alpha 2b, pegylated rIFN-alpha2a, rIFN-alpha 2b, IFN alpha-2b XL, rIFN-alpha 2a, consensus IFN alpha,infergen, rebif, locteron, AVI-005, PEG-infergen, pegylated IFN-beta,oral interferon alpha, feron, reaferon, intermax alpha, r-IFN-beta,infergen+actimmune, IFN-omega with DUROS, albuferon, rebetol, copegus,levovirin, VX-497, viramidine (taribavirin), A-831, A-689, NM-283,valopicitabine, R1626, PSI-6130 (R1656), HCV-796, BILB 1941, MK-0608,NM-107, R7128, VCH-759, PF-868554, GSK625433, XTL-2125, SCH-503034(SCH-7), VX-950 (Telaprevir), ITMN-191, and BILN-2065, MX-3253(celgosivir), UT-231B, IDN-6556, ME 3738, MitoQ, and LB-84451,benzimidazole derivatives, benzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine derivatives, andphenylalanine derivatives, zadaxin, nitazoxanide (alinea), BIVN-401(virostat), DEBIO-025, VGX-410C, EMZ-702, AVI 4065, bavituximab,oglufanide, PYN-17, KPE02003002, actilon (CPG-10101), KRN-7000, civacir,GI-5005, ANA-975 (isatoribine), XTL-6865, ANA 971, NOV-205, tarvacin,EHC-18, and NIM811 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier orexcipient.

In yet another embodiment, the present application provides acombination pharmaceutical agent comprising:

a) a first pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of thepresent invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, orester thereof; and

b) a second pharmaceutical composition comprising at least oneadditional therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of HIVprotease inhibiting compounds, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVnucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integraseinhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, CCR5inhibitors, interferons, ribavirin analogs, NS3 protease inhibitors,alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors, hepatoprotectants, non-nucleosideinhibitors of HCV, and other drugs for treating HCV, and combinationsthereof.

Combinations of the compounds of formula I and additional activetherapeutic agents may be selected to treat patients infected with HCVand other conditions such as HIV infections. Accordingly, the compoundsof formula I may be combined with one or more compounds useful intreating HIV, for example HIV protease inhibiting compounds,non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleosideinhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, interferons, ribavirinanalogs, NS3 protease inhibitors, NS5b polymerase inhibitors,alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors, hepatoprotectants, non-nucleosideinhibitors of HCV, and other drugs for treating HCV.

More specifically, one or more compounds of the present invention may becombined with one or more compounds selected from the group consistingof 1) HIV protease inhibitors, e.g., amprenavir, atazanavir,fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir+ritonavir,nelfinavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, brecanavir, darunavir, TMC-126,TMC-114, mozenavir (DMP-450), JE-2147 (AG1776), AG1859, DG35, L-756423,RO0334649, KNI-272, DPC-681, DPC-684, and GW640385X, DG17, PPL-100, 2) aHIV non-nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, e.g.,capravirine, emivirine, delaviridine, efavirenz, nevirapine, (+)calanolide A, etravirine, GW5634, DPC-083, DPC-961, DPC-963, MIV-150,and TMC-120, TMC-278 (rilpivirine), efavirenz, BILR 355 BS, VRX 840773,UK-453,061, RDEA806, 3) a HIV nucleoside inhibitor of reversetranscriptase, e.g., zidovudine, emtricitabine, didanosine, stavudine,zalcitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, amdoxovir, elvucitabine, alovudine,MIV-210, racivir (±-FTC), D-d4FC, emtricitabine, phosphazide, fozivudinetidoxil, fosalvudine tidoxil, apricitibine (AVX754), amdoxovir, KP-1461,abacavir+lamivudine, abacavir+lamivudine+zidovudine,zidovudine+lamivudine, 4) a HIV nucleotide inhibitor of reversetranscriptase, e.g., tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxilfumarate+emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxilfumarate+emtricitabine+efavirenz, and adefovir, 5) a HIV integraseinhibitor, e.g., curcumin, derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid,derivatives of chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives ofaurintricarboxylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, derivatives ofcaffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin,quercetin, derivatives of quercetin, S-1360, zintevir (AR-177),L-870812, and L-870810, MK-0518 (raltegravir), BMS-707035, MK-2048,BA-011, BMS-538158, GSK364735C, 6) a gp41 inhibitor, e.g., enfuvirtide,sifuvirtide, FB006M, TRI-1144, SPC3, DES6, Locus gp41, CovX, and REP 9,7) a CXCR4 inhibitor, e.g., AMD-070, 8) an entry inhibitor, e.g., SP01A,TNX-355, 9) a gp120 inhibitor, e.g., BMS-488043 and BlockAide/CR, 10) aG6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitor, e.g., immunitin, 10) a CCR5 inhibitor,e.g., aplaviroc, vicriviroc, INCB9471, PRO-140, INCB15050, PF-232798,CCR5 mAb004, and maraviroc, 11) an interferon, e.g., pegylatedrIFN-alpha 2b, pegylated rIFN-alpha 2a, rIFN-alpha 2b, IFN alpha-2b XL,rIFN-alpha 2a, consensus IFN alpha, infergen, rebif, locteron, AVI-005,PEG-infergen, pegylated IFN-beta, oral interferon alpha, feron,reaferon, intermax alpha, r-IFN-beta, infergen+actimmune, IFN-omega withDUROS, and albuferon, 12) ribavirin analogs, e.g., rebetol, copegus,levovirin, VX-497, and viramidine (taribavirin) 13) NS5a inhibitors,e.g., A-831, A-689, and BMS-790052, 14) NS5b polymerase inhibitors,e.g., NM-283, valopicitabine, R1626, PSI-6130 (R1656), HCV-796, BILB1941, MK-0608, NM-107, R7128, VCH-759, PF-868554, GSK625433, andXTL-2125, 15) NS3 protease inhibitors, e.g., SCH-503034 (SCH-7), VX-950(Telaprevir), ITMN-191, and BILN-2065, 16) alpha-glucosidase 1inhibitors, e.g., MX-3253 (celgosivir) and UT-231B, 17)hepatoprotectants, e.g., IDN-6556, ME 3738, MitoQ, and LB-84451, 18)non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV, e.g., benzimidazole derivatives,benzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine derivatives, and phenylalanine derivatives, 19)other drugs for treating Hepatitis C, e.g., zadaxin, nitazoxanide(alinea), BIVN-401 (virostat), DEBIO-025, VGX-410C, EMZ-702, AVI 4065,bavituximab, oglufanide, PYN-17, KPE02003002, actilon (CPG-10101),KRN-7000, civacir, GI-5005, ANA-975 (isatoribine), XTL-6865, ANA 971,NOV-205, tarvacin, EHC-18, and NIM811, 19) pharmacokinetic enhancers,e.g., BAS-100 and SPI452, 20) RNAse H inhibitors, e.g., ODN-93 andODN-112, 21) other anti-HIV agents, e.g., VGV-1, PA-457 (bevirimat),ampligen, HRG214, cytolin, polymun, VGX-410, KD247, AMZ 0026, CYT 99007,A-221 HIV, BAY 50-4798, MDX010 (iplimumab), PBS119, ALG889, andPA-1050040.

Metabolites of the Compounds of the Invention

Also falling within the scope of this invention are the in vivometabolic products of the compounds described herein. Such products mayresult for example from the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation,esterification and the like of the administered compound, primarily dueto enzymatic processes. Accordingly, the invention includes compoundsproduced by a process comprising contacting a compound of this inventionwith a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolicproduct thereof. Such products typically are identified by preparing aradiolabelled (e.g., C¹⁴ or H³) compound of the invention, administeringit parenterally in a detectable dose (e.g., greater than about 0.5mg/kg) to an animal such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to man,allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur (typically about 30seconds to 30 hours) and isolating its conversion products from theurine, blood or other biological samples. These products are easilyisolated since they are labeled (others are isolated by the use ofantibodies capable of binding epitopes surviving in the metabolite). Themetabolite structures are determined in conventional fashion, e.g., byMS or NMR analysis. In general, analysis of metabolites is done in thesame way as conventional drug metabolism studies well-known to thoseskilled in the art. The conversion products, so long as they are nototherwise found in vivo, are useful in diagnostic assays for therapeuticdosing of the compounds of the invention even if they possess noHCV-inhibitory activity of their own.

Methods for determining stability of compounds in surrogategastrointestinal secretions are known.

Compounds of Formula (I)

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (I):

J-Y-J  (I)

wherein:

Y is -L-L-, -M-W-M- or Y^(y);

J is T-P—, —P-T or -J^(m);

W is a bond or —W^(r)—;

L is -M-A-, -A-M-, or -L^(n);

T is R9-Z—, —Z—R9, or -T^(p);

R9 is E-V—, or —V-E, or —R9^(q);

each A is selected from -A^(s);

each M is selected from -M^(t);

each P is selected from —P^(u);

each Z is selected from —Z^(v);

each V is selected from —V^(w);

each E is selected from -E^(x);

each m is 1

each n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, or 10;

each p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

each q is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

each r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,19, or 20;

each s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, or 21;

each t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11;

each u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,or 19;

each v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

each w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24;

each x is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;

each y is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein the sum of m, n, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, and y is not 0; P isconnected to M, L, or Y^(y); A is connected to A or L; M is connected toP or J; Z is connected to P; V is connected to Z; and when W is a bond Mis connected to M;

each Y¹ is independently:a fused nine-ring system with up to thirty-five atoms that may be fullyaromatic or partially saturated and contains atoms selected from C, N,O, and S and which ring system is optionally substituted with one ormore groups independently selected from H, oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each Y² is independently:a fused five to eight ring system with up to thirty-two atoms that maybe fully aromatic or partially saturated and contains atoms selectedfrom C, N, O, and S and which ring system is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from H, oxo, R^(A1) andR^(A3);each J¹ is independently a fused bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is substitutedwith one or more —N(R^(L7))C(═O)OR^(L7), and that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(L2) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl,        alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkyl; and    -   each aa is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(L2) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl,        alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkyl;    -   each R^(L3) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;    -   each bb is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each aa is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the        sum of bb and aa is 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   the phenyl ring shown in L² is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo;

each R^(L4) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl; and

each H¹ is a 5 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromaticring comprising one or more heteroatoms;

each L³ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from alkoxy,alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁴ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁵ is independently a —CR═CR-fusedbicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R is independently selected from H or alkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁶ is independently a —CR═CR-fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R is independently selected from H or alkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H^(1.1) is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated,        partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that        is optionally substituted with one or more R²;    -   each R² is independently selected from halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7),        —SR^(L7)—N(R^(L7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,        —N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7),        —C(O)OR^(L7), —C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7),        —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), and —S(═O)₂NR^(L7);    -   each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or        heterocycle; and    -   each aa is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L⁹ is independently a fused-tetracyclic saturated,        partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that        is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃,        —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7),        —OC(═O)R¹⁻³—C(O)OR^(L7), —C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7),        —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7),        alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,        —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L¹⁰ is independently a fused-pentacyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L¹¹ is independently a six-ring fused saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(L7),—S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo, haloalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each R9⁰ is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, aryl,arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl,(cycloalkyl)alkenyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkenyl, heterocyclylalkoxy,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclyloxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,(NR^(c)R^(d))alkenyl, (NR^(c)R^(d))alkyl, and (NR^(c)R^(d))carbonyl;

R^(c) and R^(d) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

R^(X) and R^(Y) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstitutedarylalkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl,unsubstituted heterocyclyl, and (NR^(X′)R^(Y′))carbonyl, wherein R^(X′)and R^(Y′) are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;

each R9¹ is independently —N(R^(9a))—NHC(═O)O—R^(9b), wherein eachR^(9a) is independently arylalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, halocycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkenyl,(cycloalkyl)alkoxy, alkylSO₂alkyl, cycloalkylalkylSO₂alkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl,aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl,wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;and wherein arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to three arylgroups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;

and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;R^(9b) is independently H, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, or arylalkyl;

each R9² is independently —N(R^(9a))—NHC(═O)NR^(9b) ₂; wherein eachR^(9a) is independently arylalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, halocycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkenyl,(cycloalkyl)alkoxy, alkylSO₂alkyl, cycloalkylalkylSO₂alkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkyl cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl,aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl, wherein each R isindependently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;

and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;R^(9b) is independently H, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, or arylalkyl;

each R9³ is independently —N(R^(9a))—NHC(═O)R^(9b), wherein each R^(9a)is independently arylalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, halocycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkenyl,(cycloalkyl)alkoxy, alkylSO₂alkyl, cycloalkylalkylSO₂alkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl,aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl,wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl; andwhere in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to three arylgroups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;

and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part ofthe arylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and whereinthe aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl partof the heterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are furtheroptionally substituted with one, two, or three substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, and nitro; R^(9b) is independently H, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl,or arylalkyl;

each A⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b)        are each independently selected from the group consisting of        hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,        arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl,        and heterocyclylalkyl; and each    -   bb is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; or    -   each A⁰ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring        containing one, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is        optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R^(A3) groups;        each A¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;    -   each cc is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4        each A² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each bb is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the sum of bband cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each A³ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containingone, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is substituted with one ormore R^(A1) groups, and which ring is optionally substituted with one ormore R^(A3) groups;each A⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁵ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁵ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁶ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁶ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided        that at least one X^(A) is present and each R is independently        selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided that at        least one X^(A) is present and each R is independently selected        from H or alkyl;        each A⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁹ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;    -   each H¹⁰ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that is optionally        fused to an aryl, which H¹⁰ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from oxo, alkoxy,        alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,        formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl        each A¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;    -   each H¹¹ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that contains one        or more heteroatoms that is optionally fused to an aryl, which        H¹¹ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

each A¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹² is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic carbocycle,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and

each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O), C(═O)NR,CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each R isindependently selected from H or alkyl;

each A¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹³ is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic heterocycle        that comprises at least one heteroatom in the ring system, which        ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic carbocycle which is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, NRC(═O), C(═O)NR,        CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each R is        independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁵ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic heterocycle that comprises at        least one heteroatom in the ring system, which ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁶ is independently a fused bicyclic carbocyclic ring        system wherein one ring is aromatic and another ring is        partially or fully saturated, which ring system is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁷ is independently a fused bicyclic ring system        comprising at least one heteroatom, wherein one ring is aromatic        and another ring is partially or fully saturated, which ring        system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A²¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁴⁰ is independently an anti-aromatic monocyclic or fused        carbocyclic ring system, which carbocyclic ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W¹ is independently —X^(A)—:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁰ is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic carbocycle,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²¹ is independently a fused bicyclic carbocyclic ring        system wherein one ring is aromatic and another ring is        partially or fully saturated, which ring system is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²² is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic heterocycle        that comprises at least one heteroatom in the ring system, which        ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and

each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O), C(═O)NR,CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each R isindependently selected from H or alkyl;

each W⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²³ is independently a fused bicyclic ring system        comprising at least one heteroatom, wherein one ring is aromatic        and another ring is partially or fully saturated, which ring        system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic carbocycle, which is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁶ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system which ring system        is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁷ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic heterocycle that comprises at        least one heteroatom in the ring system, which ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁹ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that contains one        or more heteroatoms; and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W¹⁰ is independently —H³⁰═C═H³¹—

wherein each of —H³⁰ and H³¹ is independently a saturated 6-memberedheterocyclic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms, which ring isoptionally substituted with oxo;

each W¹¹ is independently —H³²═C═H³³—

wherein each of —H³² and H³³ is independently a saturated 5-memberedheterocyclic i ring comprising one or more heteroatoms, which ring isoptionally substituted with oxo;

each W¹² is independently an anti-aromatic monocyclic or fusedcarbocyclic ring system, which carbocyclic ring system is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from R^(A1)and R^(A3);each W¹³ is independently a phenyl ring that is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁴ is independently a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring that isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁵ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tetracyclic carbocyclic ring, which ring system is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁶ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tetracyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁷ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated pentacyclic carbocyclic ring system, which ring system isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁸ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated pentacyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁹ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated hexacyclic carbocyclic ring system, which ring system isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W²⁰ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated hexacyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each M⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group optionallysubstituted with one or more alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl,carboxy, haloalkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl and trialkylsilylalkoxyalkyl;each M¹ is independently selected from —C(═O)NH—, —C(═O)NH—C(R^(M))₂—,—NHC(═O)—, —C(R^(M))₂NHC(═O)—, —NHC(═O)NR^(M)—, —NHC(═O)O—; wherein eachR^(M) is independently selected from H and alkyl;each M² is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(A1) and R^(A3);each M³ is independently:

each M⁴ is independently:

each M⁵ is independently:

wherein the bond designated with

is fused to a ring defined for P;each M⁶ is independently a bicyclic bridged ring system comprising 5-15atoms wherein at least one of the atoms is a heteroatom;each M⁷ is independently a pyrid-di-yl;each M⁸ is independently partially saturated or a saturatedfive-membered ring that comprises one or more heteroatoms and that isoptionally substituted with one or two oxo;each M⁹ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more R^(P11);each M¹⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group substitutedwith at least one alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, NR^(h)R^(h), (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkoxyalkoxy, aryloxyalkoxy, heteroaryloxyalkoxy,heterocyclyloxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkoxy, cyanoalkoxy, cycloalkoxy,heterocyclyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkoxyalkyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyl, whereineach R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,heterocycle, heterocyclyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl,haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, and sulfonylalkyl; and whereinthe five membered ring is also optionally substituted with one or morealkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, haloalkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;each M¹¹ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo, halo, —R^(M7), —OR^(M7), —SR^(M7),—N(R^(M7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(M7))C(═O)R^(M7),—C(═O)R^(M7), —OC(═O)R^(M7), —C(O)OR^(M7), —C(═O)NR^(M7), —S(═O)R^(M7),—S(═O)₂OR^(M7), —S(═O)₂R^(M7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(M7), or —S(═O)₂NR^(M7); eachR^(M7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;each M¹² is independently a fused-pentacyclic, hexacyclic, orheptacyclic partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring systemthat is optionally substituted with one or more oxo halo, —R^(M7),—OR^(M7), —SR^(M7), —N(R^(M7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(M7))C(═O)R^(M7), —C(═O)R^(M7), —OC(═O)R^(M7), —C(O)OR^(M7),—C(═O)NR^(M7), —S(═O)R^(M7), —S(═O)₂OR^(M7), —S(═O)₂R^(M7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(M7), or —S(═O)₂NR^(M7);each R^(M7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;each P⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10),        and)C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and)C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —R^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,        alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together        with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   R⁷ and R^(P8) are each independently selected from hydrogen,        alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, and        (NR^(Pa)R^(Pb))alkyl; or R^(P7) and R^(P8), together with the        carbon atom to which they are attached, form a five or six        membered saturated ring optionally containing one or two        heteroatoms selected from NR^(Pz), 0, and S; wherein R^(Pz) is        selected from hydrogen and alkyl;    -   R^(P9) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;        each P¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn is 0, X is selected from CH₂,        CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   at least one R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h)a)lkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are        independently selected from R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P12) is independently selected from R^(P5), R^(P11),        —C(═O)OR^(h), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,        haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,        cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,        heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,        cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein        each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl;        and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may come        together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15        membered heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P³ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from R^(P5), cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P⁴ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P14) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P14) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁵ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P15) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P15) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁶ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo and is optionally        substituted with one or more groups R^(P16) that are        independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo,        haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl can        optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁷ is a bridged 5-15 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring        that is attached to the remainder of the compound of formula I        through one N-link and through one C-link; wherein the ring is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(P6) and R^(P11);        each P⁸ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   ps is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;    -   pn is 0, 1 or 2;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; where in at        least one case two groups R^(P13) that are attached to the same        carbon are taken together with the carbon to which they are        attached and form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   pp is independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are independently selectedfrom R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy,cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl;wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h)groups are present then they may come together with the atoms to whichthey are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;

each P¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, or NR^(h);    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2 but the sum of pn and pm        is greater than zero;    -   pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h), R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,(NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy,oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl,alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may cometogether with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 memberedheterocyclic ring;

each P¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;

-   -   X is NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, or sulfonylalkyl; and when        two R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with        the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;

each P¹⁵ is:

which is substituted with one or two groups independently selected fromalkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfanyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl,cyanoalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl;

each P¹⁶ is:

which is substituted with methylene;

each P¹⁷ is:

which is substituted with one or two groups independently selected fromalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, and cycloalkylalkynyl;

each P¹⁸ is:

which is optionally substituted with one or two groups independentlyselected from halo, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, andcycloalkylalkyl;

each P¹⁹ is:

wherein each R^(P19a) is independently selected from H and halo; andeach R^(P19b) is independently selected from halo;each —Z⁰— is —C(═O)— or —C(═S)—;each —Z¹— is independently a bond, or —C(R^(Z1))₂—; wherein each R^(Z1)is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;each —Z²— is independently saturated or partially unsaturated(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl that is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each —Z³— is independently saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic4-8 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from R^(A1)and R^(A3);each —Z⁴— is independently:

wherein each R^(Z4) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl;each —Z⁵— is independently:

wherein each R^(Z5) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl; or two R^(z5)s together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a 4-8 membered heterocyclic ring that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo and with one or more groupsindependently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each —Z⁶— is independently —C(R^(Z1))— and is doublebonded to acarbocyclic P; wherein R^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, orhalo;each E⁰ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein

R^(Ec) and R^(Ed) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each E¹ is independently —OC(═O)NR^(Ee)R^(Ef) wherein each R^(Ee) andR^(Ef) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro; or wherein R^(Ee) andR^(Ef), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma heterocycle;

each E² is independently —NR^(a)R^(b), wherein R^(a) is haloalkyl andR^(b) is H, alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or haloalkyl;each E³ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(E3a), wherein R^(E3a) is(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyloxycarbonyl;each E⁴ is independently —OC(═O)OR^(E4a), wherein R^(E4a) is cycloalkyl,aryl, or alkyl;each E⁵ is independently —NR^(Ec)S(═O)₂OR^(E5a), wherein R^(E5a) iscycloalkyl, aryl or alkyl;each E⁶ is independently —NR^(Ec)S(═O)₂R^(E6a), wherein R^(E6a) iscycloalkyl, aryl, or alkyl;each E⁷ is independently —NR^(Ec)OR^(E7a), wherein R^(E7a) iscycloalkyl, aryl, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl or heteroaryl;each V⁰ is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, CO,cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl, wherein each R is independently selected fromhydrogen and alkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro; andthe heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of the arylalkyl andthe heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein the aryl, the arylpart of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl, the secondheterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkyland the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted withone, two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy,alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;each V¹ is independently cyanoalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V² is independently haloalkyl, which is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V³ is independently alkyl, which is substituted with one or moreoxo, and which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, halo, aryl, alkenyl, and cyano;each V⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; wherein R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁵ is independently alkylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁶ is independently arylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁷ is independently heterocyclosulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁸ is independently spirocycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁹ is independently spirocycloalkylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁰ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹¹ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹² is independently bridged-bicycliccycloalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹³ is independently bridged-bicyclic-cycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁴ is independently aryloxyalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁵ is independently arylalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁶ is independently cycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁷ is independently cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁸ is independently heterocyclooxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁹ is independently heterocycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²⁰ is independently heteroaryloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²¹ is independently heteroarylalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²² is independently cycloalkenylalkyl;each V²³ is independently arylalkyl, wherein the aryl is substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy,—C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y), S(═O)₂NR^(X)R^(Y), alkylsulfanyl, alkylsulfonyl,haloalkylsulfanyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl,alkylsulfonylalkyl, arylsulfanyl, arylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkynyl,aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylsulfonylamino;

R^(X) and R^(Y) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstitutedarylalkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl,unsubstituted heterocyclyl, and (NR^(X′)R^(Y′))carbonyl, wherein R^(X′)and R^(Y′) are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;

each V²⁴ is independently heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycle issubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkoxy,hydroxyalkoxy, —C(═O)NR^(X)R^(Y), S(═O)₂NR^(X)R^(Y), alkylsulfanyl,alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfanyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl,alkylsulfonylalkyl, arylsulfanyl, arylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkyoxy, alkynyl,aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylfulfonylamino;

R^(X) and R^(Y) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstitutedarylalkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl,unsubstituted heterocyclyl, and (NR^(X′)R^(Y′))carbonyl, wherein R^(X′)and R^(Y′) are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;

each T¹ is independently a spiro, branched or fused bicycloalkyl;each T² is independently aryl;each T³ is independently heteroaryl;each T⁴ is independently arylalkyl;each T⁵ is independently haloalkyl;each T⁶ is independently heteroarylalkyl;each T⁷ is independently heterocycle; andeach T⁸ is independently heterocycloalkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I):

J-Y-J  (I)

wherein:

Y is -L-L-, -M-W-M- or Y^(y);

J is T-P—, —P-T or -J^(m);

W is a bond or —W^(r)-;

L is -M-A-, -A-M-, or -L^(n);

T is R9-Z—, —Z—R9, or -T^(p);

R9 is E-V—, or —V-E, or —R9^(q);

each A is selected from -A^(s);

each M is selected from -M^(t);

each P is selected from —P^(u);

each Z is selected from —Z^(v);

each V is selected from —V^(w);

each E is selected from -E^(x);

each m is 1;

each n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, or 10;

each p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;

each q is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

each r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,19, or 20;

each s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, or 21;

each t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11;

each u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14;

each v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

each w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, or 21;

each x is 0 or 1;

each y is 0, 1, or 2;

wherein the sum of m, n, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, and y is not 0; P isconnected to M, L, or Y^(y); A is connected to A or L; M is connected toP or J; Z is connected to P; V is connected to Z; and when W is a bond Mis connected to M;

each Y¹ is independently:a fused nine-ring system with up to thirty-five atoms that may be fullyaromatic or partially saturated and contains atoms selected from C, N,O, and S, and which ring system is optionally substituted with one ormore groups independently selected from H, oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each Y² is independently:a fused five to eight ring system with up to thirty-two atoms that maybe fully aromatic or partially saturated and contains atoms selectedfrom C, N, O, and S, and which ring system is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from H, oxo, R^(A1) andR^(A3);each J¹ is independently a fused bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is substitutedwith one or more —N(R^(L7))C(═O)OR^(L7), and that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(L2) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl,        alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkyl; and    -   each aa is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(L2) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl,        alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkyl;    -   each R^(L3) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;    -   each bb is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each aa is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the        sum of bb and aa is 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   the phenyl ring shown in L² is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl,        (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴,        haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl,        heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each        alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with        one or more halo;

each R^(L4) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl; and

-   -   each H¹ is a 5 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or        aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms;        each L³ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partially        unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,        arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy,        hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl,        (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴,        haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl,        heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each        alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with        one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁴ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁵ is independently a —CR═CR-fusedbicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R is independently selected from H or alkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁶ is independently a —CR═CR-fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R is independently selected from H or alkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H^(L1) is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated,        partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that        is optionally substituted with one or more R²;    -   each R² is independently selected from halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7),        —SR^(L7), —N(R^(L7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,        —N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7),        —C(O)OR^(L7), —C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7),        —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), and —S(═O)₂NR^(L7);    -   each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or        heterocycle; and    -   each aa is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L⁹ is independently a fused-tetracyclic saturated,        partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that        is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃,        —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7),        —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7), —C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7),        —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7),        alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,        —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L¹⁰ is independently a fused-pentacyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L¹¹ is independently a six-ring fused saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each R9⁰ is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, aryl,arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl,(cycloalkyl)alkenyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkenyl, heterocyclylalkoxy,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclyloxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(c)R^(d),(NR^(c)R^(d))alkenyl, (NR^(c)R^(d))alkyl, and (NR^(c)R^(d))carbonyl;

R^(c) and R^(d) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

R^(X) and R^(Y) are independently selected from hydrogen,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstitutedarylalkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl,unsubstituted heterocyclyl, and (NR^(X′)R^(Y′))carbonyl, wherein R^(x′)and R^(Y′) are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;

each R9¹ is independently —N(R^(9a))—NHC(═O)O—R^(9b), wherein eachR^(9a) is independently arylalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, halocycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkenyl,(cycloalkyl)alkoxy, alkylSO₂alkyl, cycloalkylalkylSO₂alkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl,aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl, wherein each R isindependently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;

and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part ofthe arylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and whereinthe aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl partof the heterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are furtheroptionally substituted with one, two, or three substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, and nitro; R^(9b) is independently H, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl,or arylalkyl;

each R9² is independently —N(R^(9a))—NHC(═O)NR^(9b) ₂; wherein eachR^(9a) is independently arylalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, halocycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkenyl,(cycloalkyl)alkoxy, alkylSO2alkyl, cycloalkylalkylSO2alkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl,aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl, wherein each R isindependently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;

and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part ofthe arylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and whereinthe aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl partof the heterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are furtheroptionally substituted with one, two, or three substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, and nitro; R^(9b) is independently H, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl,or arylalkyl;

each R9³ is independently —N(R^(9a))—NHC(═O)R^(9b), wherein each R^(9a)is independently arylalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, halocycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkenyl,(cycloalkyl)alkoxy, alkylSO₂alkyl, cycloalkylalkylSO₂alkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkyl cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl,aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl, wherein each R isindependently selected from H or alkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;

and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part ofthe arylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and whereinthe aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl partof the heterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are furtheroptionally substituted with one, two, or three substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, and nitro; R^(9b) is independently H, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl,or arylalkyl;

each A⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b)        are each independently selected from the group consisting of        hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,        arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl,        and heterocyclylalkyl; and each    -   bb is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; or    -   each A⁰ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring        containing one, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is        optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R^(A3) groups;        each A¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;    -   each cc is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each A² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each bb is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the sum of bband cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each A³ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containingone, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is substituted with one ormore R^(A1) groups, and which ring is optionally substituted with one ormore R^(A3) groups;each A⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁵ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁵ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁶ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁶ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided        that at least one X^(A) is present and each R is independently        selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided that at        least one X^(A) is present and each R is independently selected        from H or alkyl;        each A⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁹ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;    -   each H¹⁰ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that is optionally        fused to an aryl, which H¹⁰ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from oxo, alkoxy,        alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,        formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;        each A¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;    -   each H¹¹ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that contains one        or more heteroatoms that is optionally fused to an aryl, which        H¹¹ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

each A¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹² is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic carbocycle,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹³ is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic heterocycle        that comprises at least one heteroatom in the ring system, which        ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic carbocycle which is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁵ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic heterocycle that comprises at        least one heteroatom in the ring system, which ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁶ is independently a fused bicyclic carbocyclic ring        system wherein one ring is aromatic and another ring is        partially or fully saturated, which ring system is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁷ is independently a fused bicyclic ring system        comprising at least one heteroatom, wherein one ring is aromatic        and another ring is partially or fully saturated, which ring        system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A²¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁴⁰ is independently an anti-aromatic monocyclic or fused        carbocyclic ring system, which carbocyclic ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W¹ is independently —X^(A)—:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁰ is independently is independently a fused aromatic        bicyclic carbocycle, which is optionally substituted with one or        more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²¹ is independently a fused bicyclic carbocyclic ring        system wherein one ring is aromatic and another ring is        partially or fully saturated, which ring system is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²² is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic heterocycle        that comprises at least one heteroatom in the ring system, which        ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²³ is independently a fused bicyclic ring system        comprising at least one heteroatom, wherein one ring is aromatic        and another ring is partially or fully saturated, which ring        system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic carbocycle, which is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁶ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system which ring system        is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁷ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic heterocycle that comprises at        least one heteroatom in the ring system, which ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁹ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that contains one        or more heteroatoms; and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W¹⁰ is independently —H³⁰═C═H³¹—

wherein each of —H³⁰ and H³¹ is independently a saturated 6-memberedheterocyclic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms, which ring isoptionally substituted with oxo;

each W¹¹ is independently —H³²═C═H³³—

wherein each of —H³² and H³³ is independently a saturated 5-memberedheterocyclic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms, which ring isoptionally substituted with oxo;

each W¹² is independently an anti-aromatic monocyclic or fusedcarbocyclic ring system, which carbocyclic ring system is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from R^(A1)and R^(A3);each W¹³ is independently a phenyl ring that is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁴ is independently a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring that isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁵ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tetracyclic carbocyclic ring, which ring system is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁶ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tetracyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁷ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated pentacyclic carbocyclic ring system, which ring system isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁸ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated pentacyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁹ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated hexacyclic carbocyclic ring system, which ring system isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W²⁰ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated hexacyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each M⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group optionallysubstituted with one or more alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl,carboxy, haloalkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl and trialkylsilylalkoxyalkyl;each M¹ is independently selected from —C(═O)NH—, —C(═O)NH—C(R^(M))₂—,—NHC(═O)—, —C(R^(M))₂NHC(═O)—, —NHC(═O)NR^(M)—, —NHC(═O)O—; wherein eachR^(M) is independently selected from H and alkyl;each M² is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(A1) and R^(A3);each M³ is independently:

each M⁴ is independently:

each M⁵ is independently:

wherein the bond designated with

is fused to a ring defined for P;each M⁶ is independently a bicyclic bridged ring system comprising 5-15atoms wherein at least one of the atoms is a heteroatom;each M⁷ is independently a pyrid-di-yl;each M⁸ is independently partially saturated or a saturatedfive-membered ring that comprises one or more heteroatoms and that isoptionally substituted with one or two oxo;each M⁹ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more R^(P11);each M¹⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group;each M¹¹ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo, halo, —R^(M7), —OR^(M7), —SR^(M7),—N(R^(M7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(M7))C(═O)R^(M7),—C(═O)R^(M7), —OC(═O)R^(M7), —C(O)OR^(M7), —C(═O)NR^(M7), —S(═O)R^(M7),—S(═O)₂OR^(M7), —S(═O)₂R^(M7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(M7), or —S(═O)₂NR^(M7);each R^(M7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;each P⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,        alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together        with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   R^(P7) and R^(P8) are each independently selected from hydrogen,        alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, and        (NR^(Pa)R^(Pb))alkyl; or R^(P7) and R^(P8), together with the        carbon atom to which they are attached, form a five or six        membered saturated ring optionally containing one or two        heteroatoms selected from NR^(Pz), 0, and S; wherein R^(Pz) is        selected from hydrogen and alkyl;    -   R^(P9) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;        each P¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn is 0, X is selected from CH₂,        CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   at least one R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are        independently selected from R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P12) is independently selected from R^(P5), R^(P11),        —C(═O)OR^(h), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,        haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,        cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,        heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,        cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein        each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl;        and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may come        together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15        membered heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P³ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from R^(P5), cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P⁴ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P14) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P14) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁵ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P15) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P15) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁶ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo and is optionally        substituted with one or more groups R^(P16) that are        independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo,        haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl can        optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁷ is a bridged 5-15 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring        that is attached to the remainder of the compound of formula I        through one N-link and through one C-link; wherein the ring is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(P6) and R^(P11);        each P⁸ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   ps is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; where in at        least one case two groups R^(P13) that are attached to the same        carbon are taken together with the carbon to which they are        attached and form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R¹⁰ is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   pp is independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,NR^(h)R^(h) sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are independently selectedfrom R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy,cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl;wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h)groups are present then they may come together with the atoms to whichthey are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;

each P¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, or NR^(h);    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2 but the sum of pn and pm        is greater than zero;    -   pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h), R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,(NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy,oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl,alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may cometogether with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 memberedheterocyclic ring;

each P¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;

-   -   X is NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, or sulfonylalkyl; and when        two R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with        the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;        each —Z⁰— is —C(═O)— or —C(═S)—;        each —Z¹— is independently a bond, or —C(R^(Z1))₂—; wherein each        R^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;        each —Z²— is independently saturated or partially unsaturated        (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl that is optionally substituted with one or        more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z³— is independently saturated, partially unsaturated, or        aromatic 4-8 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring that is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z⁴— is independently:

wherein each R^(Z4) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl;each —Z⁵— is independently:

wherein each R^(Z5) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl; or two R^(Z5)s together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a 4-8 membered heterocyclic ring that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo and with one or more groupsindependently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each —Z⁶— is independently —C(R^(Z1))— and is doublebonded to acarbocyclic P; wherein R^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, orhalo;each E⁰ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein

R^(Ec) and R^(Ed) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each E¹ is independently —OC(═O)NR^(Ee)R^(Ef) wherein each R^(Ee) andR^(Ef) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro; or wherein R^(Ee) andR^(Ef), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma heterocycle;

each V⁰ is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, CO,cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl, wherein each R is independently selected fromhydrogen and alkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V¹ is independently cyanoalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V² is independently haloalkyl, which is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V³ is independently alkyl, which is substituted with one or moreoxo, and which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, halo, aryl, alkenyl, and cyano;each V⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁵ is independently alkylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁶ is independently arylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁷ is independently heterocyclosulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁸ is independently spirocycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;

each V⁹ is independently spirocycloalkylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;

each V¹⁰ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹¹ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹² is independently bridged-bicycliccycloalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹³ is independently bridged-bicyclic-cycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁴ is independently aryloxyalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁵ is independently arylalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁶ is independently cycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁷ is independently cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁸ is independently heterocyclooxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁹ is independently heterocycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²⁰ is independently heteroaryloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²¹ is independently heteroarylalkylalkoxyalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each T¹ is independently a spiro, branched or fused bicycloalkyl;each T² is independently aryl;each T³ is independently heteroaryl;each T⁴ is independently arylalkyl;each T⁵ is independently haloalkyl;each T⁶ is independently heteroarylalkyl;each T⁷ is independently heterocycle; andeach T⁸ is independently heterocyclealkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) which

comprises M⁰-W-M⁰, M⁰-W-M⁹, M⁹-W-M⁰, or M⁹-W-M⁹, M¹⁰-W-M⁰, M⁰-W-M¹⁰,M¹⁰-W-M⁹, M⁹-W-M¹⁰, and M¹⁰-W-M¹⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W².

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W⁸.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W¹⁵.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W¹⁶.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W¹⁸.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) which comprises M⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M⁹, M⁹-A-A-M⁰, orM⁹-A-A-M⁹, M¹⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M¹⁰, M¹⁰-A-A-M⁹, M⁹-A-A-M¹⁰, orM¹⁰-A-A-M¹⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A-A- is -A⁰-A⁰-.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A-A- is -A⁰-A⁵-.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A-A- is -A⁰-A¹³-.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A-A- is -A¹³-A¹³-.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A-A- is -A¹³-A¹³-.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A-A- is -A¹³-A⁶-.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W⁶.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each X^(A) is absent where it is allowed to beabsent.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein one or two X^(A) are present and X^(A) is alkynyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein one or two X^(A) are present and X^(A) is alkenyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W⁶ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W⁶ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W⁸.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W⁸ that is unsubstituted.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W¹² is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W¹⁵ or W¹⁶.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is a ring system of formula:

wherein:

U is CH or N; and

X is —CH₂—, —C(═O)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, or —CH═CH—;

wherein the ring system is optionally substituted with one or moreR^(A1) or R^(A3).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is a ring system of formula:

wherein:

U is CH or N; and

X is —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —CH₂OCH₂—, or CF₂;

wherein the ring system is optionally substituted with one or moreR^(A1) or R^(A3).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W¹⁵.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W¹⁸.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein one A is A⁰ and one A is A⁵, wherein one X^(A) inthe A⁵ is absent and the other X^(A) in the A⁵ is alkynyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A⁰-A⁵- has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein one A is A⁰ and one A is A¹³, wherein both X^(A) inthe A¹³ are absent.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A⁰-A¹³- has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises A¹³- A¹³, wherein all X^(A) in both A¹³ areabsent.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A¹³-A¹³- has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises A⁰-A¹¹ wherein all X^(A) in both the A⁰ andthe A¹¹, are absent or alkynyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A⁰-A¹¹- has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises one A¹³ and one A⁶ wherein all X^(A) in theA¹³ are bonds.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A¹³-A⁶- has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W² and within the W² one X^(A) is absent andone X^(A) is RC═CR and each R is independently selected from H or alkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W² has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W² and within the W² one X^(A) is absent andone X^(A) is selected from absent, alkynyl, or RC═CR and each R isindependently selected from H or alkyl; and M is selected from M⁰ or M⁹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M⁰ is imidazolyl and M⁹ is benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises a group M⁹-W²-M⁹. In another specificembodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein thegroup M⁹-W²-M⁹ has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein A is A⁰ and L is L².

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein A⁰-L² has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises two A⁰ and one M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises two A⁰ and one M is M⁰ and another M is M⁹.In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein A⁰-A⁰-M⁹ has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises M⁰-A⁰-A⁰-M⁹. In another specific embodimentthe invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein M⁰-A⁰-A⁰-M⁹ hasthe following structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises A⁰-A⁷-M⁹. In another specific embodiment theinvention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein A⁰-A⁷-M⁹ has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises one or two M and each M is M⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises one or two M and each M is imidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises one or two M and each M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises one or two M and each M is benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises two M wherein one M is M⁰ and one M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises two M wherein one M is imidazolyl and one Mis benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁰ is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁹ is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M¹¹ and is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises one or two L wherein each L is L³.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that comprises one or two L wherein each L isbenzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is a ring system of formula:

wherein:

U is CH or N; and

X is —CH₂—, —C(═O)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, or —CH═CH—;

wherein the ring system is optionally substituted with one or moreR^(A1) or R^(A3).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein A-A is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M-W-M is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -A-L- is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that has the formula E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that has the formula E-V—Z—P-M-A-L^(n)-P—Z—V-E.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is W¹⁷.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that has the formula J-M-W-M-J.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that has the formula E-V—Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that has the formula E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that has the formula E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) that has the formula E-V—Z—P-M-A-L^(n)-P—Z—V-E.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -M-W-M- is selected from M⁰-W-M⁰, M⁰-W-M⁹, M⁹-W-M⁰,and M⁹-W-M⁹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -M-W-M- is selected from M¹⁰-W-M⁰, M⁰-W-M¹⁰,M¹⁰-W-M⁹, M⁹-W-M¹⁰, and M¹⁰-W-M¹⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -M-A-A-M- is selected from M⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M⁹,M⁹-A-A-M⁰, and M⁹-A-A-M⁹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I), wherein -M-W-M- is selected from M¹⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M¹⁰,M¹⁰-A-A-M⁹, M⁹-A-A-M¹⁰, and M¹⁰-A-A-M¹⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each E is E⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each E is —NHC(═O)Oalkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each E is methoxycarbonylamino.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each V is V⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each V is alkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each V is isopropyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each V is V².

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each V is haloalkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each Z is Z⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each Z is —C(═O)—.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each M is independently a 5-membered heteroarylring.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein each M is 2,4-imidazoldiyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein -M-A-L- is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M is M⁶.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M is M⁷.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M is M⁸.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein M is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P².

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P²; and pn is 1.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P²; pn is 1; and R^(P12) is independentlyselected from alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); —C(═O)OR^(h), andhaloalkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P³; pn is 1 and ps is zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁵.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁵; pn is 1; and Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, orNR^(f).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁵; pn is 1; and Z is O, or S.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁶.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁶; pn is 1; and Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, orNR^(f).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁷ wherein P⁷ is a [2.2.1] or a [2.2.2] ringsystem.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁷ wherein P⁷ is a [2.2.1] ring system.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁸.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁸; and pn is 1.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P⁸; pn is 1; and ps is 2.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹⁰.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹⁰; pn is 1; and X is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂,CHR^(P10), or CH(R^(P10))₂.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹⁰; pn is 1; po is 1; and X is O, S, S(═O),S(═O)₂, CHR^(P10), or CH(R^(P10))₂.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹⁰; pn is 1; po is 1; ps is 0; and X is O, S,S(═O), S(═O)₂, CHR^(P10), or CH(R^(P10))₂.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹¹.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹¹; pn is 1; po is 1; ps is 0; and X is O, S,S(═O), S(═O)₂, CHR^(P10), or CH(R^(P10))₂.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹².

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹²; pm is 1; and pp is 1.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹³.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹³; pm is 1; pn is 0; ps is 0; pp is 1; pq is0; and X is O, S, or S(═O)₂.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹⁴.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is P¹⁴; pm is 0; and pq is 0.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) wherein P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) having a formula selected from: T-P—Y—P-T; T-P—Y-J; J-Y-J;T-P—Y—P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P—Y—P—Z—R9; J-Y—P—Z—R9; T-P—Y—P—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—P—Y—P—Z—V-E; J-Y—P—Z—V-E; T-P-L-L-P-T; T-P-L-L-J; J-L-L-J;T-P-L-L-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-L-L-P—Z—R9; J-L-L-P—Z—R9; T-P-L-L-P—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—P-L-L-P—Z—V-E; J-L-L-P—Z—V-E; T-P-M-A-L-P-T; T-P-M-A -L-J; J-M-A-L-J; T-P-M-A-L-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—R9; J-M-A-L-P—Z—R9;L-P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E; J-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E; T-B-A-L-P-T;T-B-A-L-J; T-B-A-L-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—B-A-L-P—Z—R9; T-B-A-L-P—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—B-A-L-P—Z—V-E; T-P-M-A-A-M-P-T; T-P-M-A-A-M-J; J-M-A-A-M-J;T-P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—R9; J-M-A-A-M-P—Z—R9;T-P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E; J-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E;T-B-A-A-M-P-T; T-B-A-A-M-J; T-B-A-A-M-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—B-A-A-M-P—Z—R9;T-B-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—B-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E; T-P-M-A-A-B-T;T-P-M-A-A-B—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-A-A-B—Z—R9 J-M-A-A-B—Z—R9; T-P-M-A-A-B—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-B—Z—V-E; J-M-A-A-B—Z—V-E; T-B-A-A-B-T; T-B-A-A-B—Z—R9;R9-Z—B-A-A-B—Z—R9; T-B-A-A-B—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—B-A-A-B—Z—V-E; T-P-M-W-M-P-T;T-P-M-W-M-J; J-M-W-M-J; T-P-M-W-M-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—R9;J-M-W-M-P—Z—R9; T-P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E;J-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E; T-B—W-M-P-T; T-B—W-M-J; T-B—W-M-P—Z—R9;R9-Z—B—W-M-P—Z—R9; T-B—W-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—B—W-M-P—Z—V-E; T-P-M-W—B-T;T-P-M-W—B—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-W—B—Z—R9; J-M-W—B—Z—R9; T-P-M-W—B—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—P-M-W—B—Z—V-E J-M-W—B—Z—V-E; T-B—W—B-T; T-B—W—B—Z—R9;R9-Z—B—W—B—Z—R9; T-B—W—B—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—B—W—B—Z—V-E; T-P-M-M-P-T;T-P-M-M-J; J-M-M-J; T-P-M-M-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-M-P—Z—R9; J-M-M-P—Z—R9;T-P-M-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-M-P—Z—V-E; J-M-M-P—Z—V-E; T-B-M-P-T; T-B-M-J;T-B-M-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—B-M-P—Z—R9; T-B-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—B-M-P—Z—V-E;T-P-M-B-T; T-P-M-B—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-B—Z—R9; J-M-B—Z—R9; T-P-M-B—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—P-M-B—Z—V-E; J-M-B—Z—V-E; T-B—B-T; T-B—B—Z—R9; R9-Z—B—B—Z—R9; andT-B—B—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—B—B—Z—V-E; or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) having a formula selected from: T-P—Y—P-T; T-P—Y-J; J-Y-J;T-P—Y—P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P—Y—P—Z—R9; J-Y—P—Z—R9; T-P—Y—P—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—P—Y—P—Z—V-E; J-Y—P—Z—V-E; R9-Z—P—Y—P—Z—V-E; T-P-L-L-P-T;T-P-L-L-J; J-L-L-J; T-P-L-L-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-L-L-P—Z—R9; J-L-L-P—Z—R9;T-P-L-L-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-L-L-P—Z—V-E; J-L-L-P—Z—V-E; R9-Z—P-L-L-P—Z—V-E;T-P-M-A-L-P-T; T-P-M-A-L-J; J-M-A-L-J; T-P-M-A-L-P—Z—R9;R9-Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—R9; J-M-A-L-P—Z—R9; T-P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E;E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E; J-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E; J-M-A-L-P-T; R9-Z—P-M-A-L-J;R9-Z—P-M-A-L-P-T; R9-Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-J;E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P-T; E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—R9; T-P-M-A-A-M-P-T; T-P-M-A-A-M-J;J-M-A-A-M-J; T-P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—R9;J-M-A-A-M-P—Z—R9; T-P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E;J-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E; R9-Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E; T-P-M-W-M-P-T; T-P-M-W-M-J;J-M-W-M-J; T-P-M-W-M-P—Z—R9; R9-Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—R9; J-M-W-M-P—Z—R9;T-P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E; J-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E;R9-Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E; T-P-M-M-P-T; T-P-M-M-J; J-M-M-J; T-P-M-M-P—Z—R9;R9-Z—P-M-M-P—Z—R9; J-M-M-P—Z—R9; T-P-M-M-P—Z—V-E; E-V—Z—P-M-M-P—Z—V-E;J-M-M-P—Z—V-E; R9-Z—P-M-M-P—Z—V-E; or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (I) having a formula selected from:T^(p)-P^(u)—Y^(y)—P^(u)-T^(p); T^(p)-P^(u)—Y^(y)-J^(m);J^(m)-Y^(y)-J^(m); T^(p)-P^(u)—Y^(y)—P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)—Y^(y)—P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);J^(m)-Y^(y)—P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);T^(p)-P^(u)—Y^(y)—P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)—Y^(y)—P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);J^(m)-Y^(y)—P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)—Y^(y)—P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);T^(p)-P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)-T^(p); T^(p)-P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-J^(m);J^(m)-L^(n)-L^(n)-J^(m); T^(p)-P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);J^(m)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);T^(P)-P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);J^(m)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)-T^(p);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-J^(m); J^(m)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-J^(m);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—R9^(q);J^(m)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(q)-E^(x);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(q)-E^(x);J^(m)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);J^(m)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)-T^(p);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-J^(m);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)-T^(p);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-J^(m);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)-T^(p);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)-T^(p);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-J^(m);J^(m)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-J^(m);T-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);J^(m)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)-E^(x);J^(m)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);T^(p)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)-T^(p);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-J^(m); J^(m)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-J^(m);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);J^(m)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);J^(m)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-M^(t)-P^(u)-T^(p); T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-M^(t)-J^(m);J^(m)-M^(t)-M^(t)-J^(m); T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);J^(m)-M^(t)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—R9^(q);T^(p)-P^(u)-M^(t)-M^(t)-Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);J^(m)-M^(t)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x);R9^(q)-Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21.

In another specific embodiment of the invention r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound whichis a prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound offormula (I).

In one specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula(I) wherein W is not a group of the following formula:

wherein:

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each bb is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

R^(A4) and R^(A4′), together with the atoms to which they are attached,form a five- to eight-membered unsaturated ring optionally containingone or two heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur; wherein the five- to eight-membered unsaturated ring isoptionally substituted with one, two or three substituents independentlyselected from R^(A3), oxo and a spirocycle.

In one specific embodiment the invention, the sum of m, n, p, q, s, t,u, v, w, x, and y is not 0 when W is a group of the following formula:

wherein:

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each bb is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

R^(A4) and R^(A4′), together with the atoms to which they are attached,form a five- to eight-membered unsaturated ring optionally containingone or two heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur; wherein the five- to eight-membered unsaturated ring isoptionally substituted with one, two or three substituents independentlyselected from R^(A3), oxo and a spirocycle.

In one embodiment when M comprises an imidazole ring it is connected toP through the 2-position.

In one embodiment when M or L comprises a benzimidazole it is connectedto P through the 2-position.

Compounds of Formula (Ia)

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ia):

E-V—Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E  (Ia)

wherein:

W is a bond or —W^(r)—;

each M is selected from -M^(t);

each P is selected from —P^(u);

each Z is selected from —Z^(y);

each V is selected from —V^(W);

each E is selected from -E^(x);

each r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,19, or 20;

each t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11;

each u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14;

each v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

each w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20 or 21;

each x is 0 or 1;

wherein the sum of r, t, u, v, w, and x is not 0;

each W¹ is independently —X^(A)—:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁰ is independently is independently a fused aromatic        bicyclic carbocycle, which is optionally substituted with one or        more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²¹ is independently a fused bicyclic carbocyclic ring        system wherein one ring is aromatic and another ring is        partially or fully saturated, which ring system is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²² is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic heterocycle        that comprises at least one heteroatom in the ring system, which        ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²³ is independently a fused bicyclic ring system        comprising at least one heteroatom, wherein one ring is aromatic        and another ring is partially or fully saturated, which ring        system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic carbocycle, which is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁶ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system which ring system        is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁷ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic heterocycle that comprises at        least one heteroatom in the ring system, which ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W⁹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H²⁹ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that contains one        or more heteroatoms; and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each W¹⁰ is independently —H³⁰═C═H³¹—

wherein each of —H³⁰ and H³¹ is independently a saturated 6-memberedheterocyclic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms, which ring isoptionally substituted with oxo;

each W¹¹ is independently —H³²═C═H³³—

wherein each of —H³² and H³³ is independently a saturated 5-memberedheterocyclic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms, which ring isoptionally substituted with oxo;

each W¹² is independently an anti-aromatic monocyclic or fusedcarbocyclic ring system, which carbocyclic ring system is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from R^(A1)and R^(A3);each W¹³ is independently an phenyl ring that is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁴ is independently a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring that isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁵ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tetracyclic carbocyclic ring, which ring system is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁶ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tetracyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁷ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated pentacyclic carbocyclic ring system, which ring system isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁸ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated pentacyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W¹⁹ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated hexacyclic carbocyclic ring system, which ring system isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each W²⁰ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated hexacyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatomin the ring system, which ring system is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);each M⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group optionallysubstituted with one or more alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl,carboxy, haloalkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl and trialkylsilylalkoxyalkyl;each M¹ is independently selected from —C(═O)NH—, —C(═O)NH—C(R^(M))₂—,—NHC(═O)—, —C(R^(M))₂NHC(═O)—, —NHC(═O)NR^(M)—, —NHC(═O)O—; wherein eachR^(M) is independently selected from H and alkyl;each M² is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(A1) and R^(A3);each M³ is independently:

each M⁴ is independently:

each M⁵ is independently:

wherein the bond designated with

is fused to a ring defined for P;each M⁶ is independently a bicyclic bridged ring system comprising 5-15atoms wherein at least one of the atoms is a heteroatom;each M⁷ is independently a pyrid-di-yl;each M⁸ is independently partially saturated or a saturatedfive-membered ring that comprises one or more heteroatoms and that isoptionally substituted with one or two oxo;each M⁹ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more R^(P11);each M¹⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group;each M¹¹ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo halo, —R^(M7), —OR^(M7), —SR^(M7),—N(R^(M7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(M7))C(═O)R^(M7),—C(═O)R^(M7), —OC(═O)R^(M7), —C(O)OR^(M7), —C(═O)NR^(M7), —S(═O)R^(M7),—S(═O)₂OR^(M7), —S(═O)₂R^(M7), —OR^(M7), or —S(═O)₂NR^(M7);each R^(M7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;each P⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(P6),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,        alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together        with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;

R^(P7) and R^(P8) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, and (NR^(Pa)R^(Pb))alkyl; orR^(P7) and R^(P8), together with the carbon atom to which they areattached, form a five or six membered saturated ring optionallycontaining one or two heteroatoms selected from NR^(Pz), 0, and S;wherein R^(Pz) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;

-   -   R^(P9) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;        each P¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn is 0, X is selected from CH₂,        CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   at least one R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are        independently selected from R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P12) is independently selected from R^(P5), R^(P11),        —C(═O)OR^(h), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,        haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,        cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,        heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,        cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein        each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl;        and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may come        together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15        membered heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P³ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from R^(P5), cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P⁴ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P14) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P14) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁵ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P5) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and where        two groups R^(P15) that are attached to the same carbon when        taken together with the carbon to which they are attached can        form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁶ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo and is optionally        substituted with one or more groups R^(P16) that are        independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo,        haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl can        optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁷ is a bridged 5-15 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring        that is attached to the remainder of the compound of formula I        through one N-link and through one C-link; wherein the ring is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(P6) and R^(P11).        each P⁸ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   ps is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; where in at        least one case two groups R^(P13) that are attached to the same        carbon are taken together with the carbon to which they are        attached and form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   pp is independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are independently selectedfrom R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy,cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl;wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h)groups are present then they may come together with the atoms to whichthey are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;

each P¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, or NR^(h);    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2 but the sum of pn and pm        is greater than zero;    -   pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h), R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,(NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy,oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl,alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may cometogether with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 memberedheterocyclic ring;

each P¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;

-   -   X is NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, or sulfonylalkyl; and when        two R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with        the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;        each —Z⁰— is —C(═O)— or —C(═S)—;        each —Z¹— is independently a bond, or —C(R^(Z1))₂—; wherein each        R^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;        each —Z²— is independently saturated or partially unsaturated        (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl that is optionally substituted with one or        more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z³— is independently saturated, partially unsaturated, or        aromatic 4-8 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring that is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z⁴— is independently:

wherein each R^(Z4) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl;each —Z⁵— is independently:

wherein each R^(Z5) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl; or two R^(Z5)s together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a 4-8 membered heterocyclic ring that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo and with one or more groupsindependently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each —Z⁶— is independently —C(R^(Z1))— and is doublebonded to P; whereinR^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;each E⁰ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein

R^(Ec) and R^(Ed) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each E¹ is independently —OC(═O)NR^(Ee)R^(Ef) wherein each R^(Ee) andR^(Ef) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro; or wherein R^(Ee) andR^(Ef), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma heterocycle;

each V⁰ is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, CO,cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V¹ is independently cyanoalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V² is independently haloalkyl, which is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V³ is independently alkyl, which is substituted with one or moreoxo, and which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, halo, aryl, alkenyl, and cyano;each V⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁵ is independently alkylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O )O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁶ is independently arylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁷ is independently heterocyclosulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁸ is independently spirocycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁹ is independently spirocycloalkylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁰ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹¹ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹² is independently bridged-bicycliccycloalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹³ is independently bridged-bicyclic-cycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁴ is independently aryloxyalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁵ is independently arylalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁶ is independently cycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁷ is independently cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁸ is independently heterocyclooxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁹ is independently heterocycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²⁰ is independently heteroaryloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl; andeach V²¹ is independently heteroarylalkylalkoxyalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W².

In another specific embodiment the invention W is W⁴.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W⁸.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W⁶.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W¹⁵.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W¹⁶.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W¹⁶ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W¹⁷.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W¹⁸.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W⁶ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W⁶ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W⁸ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W⁸ that isunsubstituted.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W¹² is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W¹⁵ or W¹⁶.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is a ring system offormula:

wherein:

U is CH or N; and

X is —CH₂—, —C(═O)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, or —CH═CH—;

wherein the ring system is optionally substituted with one or moreR^(A1) or R^(A3).

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W² and within theW² one X^(A) is absent and one X^(A) is RC═CR and each R isindependently selected from H or alkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W² has the followingstructure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is W² and within theW² one X^(A) is absent and one X^(A) is selected from absent, alkynyl,or RC═CR and each R is independently selected from H or alkyl; and M isselected from M⁰ or M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is a ring system offormula:

wherein:

U is CH or N; and

X is —CH₂—, —C(═O)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, or —CH═CH—;

wherein the ring system is optionally substituted with one or moreR^(A1) or R^(A3).

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment of the invention W is

In another specific embodiment of the invention each X^(A) within W isabsent.

In another specific embodiment of the invention t is 0, 9, 10, or 11.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁰ is imidazolyl and M⁹is benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) comprises a group M⁹-W²-M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is imidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each M isbenzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention one M is M⁰ and one M isM⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention one M is imidazolyl andone M is benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each M is independentlya 5-membered heteroaryl ring.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each M is2,4-imidazoldiyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁶.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁷.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁸.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁰ is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁹ is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M¹¹ and is:

wherein * designates the site of connection to P.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia1): E-V—Z—P-M⁰-W⁶-M⁹-P—Z—V-E (Ia1).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia2): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁰-W⁶-M⁹-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ia2)

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia3): E-V—Z—P⁰-M⁰-W⁶-M⁹-P⁷—Z—V-E (Ia3).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia4): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P⁰-M⁰-W⁶-M⁹-P⁷—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ia4).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia5):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia6):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia7):

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia5), (Ia6) or (Ia7), wherein W is W².

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia5), (Ia6) or (Ia7), wherein W is W⁶.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia5), (Ia6) or (Ia7), wherein W is W⁸.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia5), (Ia6) or (Ia7), wherein W is W¹⁶.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia5), (Ia6) or (Ia7), wherein W¹⁶ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia9):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia10):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia11):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia12):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia13):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia14):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia15):

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula (Ia16):

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8):

E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-W^(r)-M^(t1)-P^(u1)—Z^(v1)—V^(w1)-E^(x1)  (Ia8)

wherein:

r is 2, 4, 6, 8, or 16; t is 0 or 10; u is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11;v is 0; w is 0, 1, 2, 3,4, or 5; x is 0; t1 is 9; u1 is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7,8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein: r is 6; t is 0 or 10; u is 0, 1, 3,5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v is 0; w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 0; t1 is 9;u1 is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein E⁰ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein M⁰ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein M⁹ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein r is 6 and W⁶ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) whichis selected from:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein r is 2 and W² is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein r is 4 and W⁴ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein r is 8 and W⁸ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is selected from:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein r is 16 and W¹⁶ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is selected from:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein: r is 6, or 8; t is 0 or 10; u is 0,1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v is 0; w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 0; t1is 9; u1 is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,or 5; and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein: r is 6, or 8; t is 0 or 10; u is 0,1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v is 0; w is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 0; t1 is9; u1 is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or5; and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein: r is 6, or 8; t is 0 or 10; u is 0,1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v is 0; w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 0; t1is 9; u1 is 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or5; and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein: r is 6, or 8; t is 0 or 10; u is 0,1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v is 0; w is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 0; t1 is9; u1 is 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is selected from:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is selected from:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein: r is 6, or 8; t is 0 or 10; u is 0,1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v is 0; w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 0; t1is 0 or 10; u1 is 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2, 3,4, or 5; and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which has the formula:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is selected from:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein: r is 16 or 18; t is 0 or 10; u is 0,1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v is 0; w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 0; t1is 0 or 10; u1 is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; v1 is 0; w1 is 0, 1, 2,3, 4, or 5; and x1 is 0.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein r is 16 and W¹⁶ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) which is selected from:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia8) wherein r is 18 and W¹⁸ is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) is acompound of formula (Ia17):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M^(t)-W¹-M¹²-P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ia17)

wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11;

each w is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

t is 0, 9, 10, or 11;

W¹ is a bond;

M¹² is a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated or saturatedhexacyclic heterocycle that comprises at least one heteroatom in thering system, which ring system is optionally substituted with one ormore groups independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3);

each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia17)wherein M¹² is:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia17)wherein M⁰ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia17)which is selected from:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia17)wherein M⁹ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia17)which is selected from:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia17)wherein M¹¹ is:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; and wherein * designates the site ofconnection to P.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (Ia) isselected from:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia18):

wherein:

each P is independently selected from:

each M is independently M⁰, M⁹, or M¹⁰; and

W¹⁶ is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia19):

wherein:

each P is independently selected from:

each M is independently M⁰, M⁹, or M¹⁰; and

W⁸ is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ia18) or(Ia19) wherein each E⁰ is methoxycarbonylamino.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M⁰-W⁶-M⁹-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ia) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P⁰-M⁰-W⁶-M⁹-P⁷—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein the sum of t, u, v, w, and x is not 0.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, t, u, v, w, and x are other than0.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least three of r, t, u, v, w, and x are otherthan 0.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least four of r, t, u, v, w, and x are otherthan 0.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least five of r, t, u, v, w, and x are otherthan 0.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zero andat least one t is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, t, u, v, w and x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter (forexample, one w and two u's can be non zero, but just having two u'sbeing non-zero and the remaining r, t, v, w, and x values all zero isnot acceptable).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least three of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least three of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least four of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least four of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least four of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least four of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein the sum of t, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein the sum of r, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein r is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and at leastone t is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein r, and at least one t and at least one u are allnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of u, w and t are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, u, and w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, u, and w are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least r and both u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of u, v, w and x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one of u and or w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of u and or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein both t are 9 and r is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein r is 1, 13, or 14; one t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10, or 11; and the other t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, or11.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein one t is 0; the other t is 11; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein r is 13; one t is 0; and the other t is 0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein r is 13; one t is 11; and the other t is 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein both t are 11; and W is not a bond, or r is 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein, when W is a bond or W¹ is absent, then one t is 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 and the other t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein when W is W^(r) and r is 6 or 8 then at least one tis not 0.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein when both t are 0, then r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one of t, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, t, u, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least three of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least four of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, t, u, w or x are not zero and atleast one t is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, t, u, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least three of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least three of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least three of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least four of r, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein the sum of t, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein the sum of r, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein r is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and at leastone t is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein r, and at least one t, and at least one u are allnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of u, w and t are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, u, and w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of r, u, and w are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least r and both u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of u, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein both w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ia35):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M⁹-W^(r)-M⁹-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ia35)wherein r is 1, 13, or 14.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ia) wherein for a compound of formula (Ia35) at least one of u,w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and at least twoof the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leastthree of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least one u is not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) both u are not zero, and at least one w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) at least one of w is not zero.

I In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia35) both w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ia36):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M⁰-W¹³-M¹¹-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ia36).

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least one of u, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36)at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and at least two ofthe non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leastthree of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least one of u or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least two of u or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least one u is not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) both u are not zero, and at least one w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) at least one of w is not zero.

I In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia36) both w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ia37):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M¹¹-M¹¹-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ia37).

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least one of u, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and at least twoof the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leastthree of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least one u is not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) both u are not zero, and at least one w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) at least one of w is not zero.

I In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia37) both w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ia38):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M⁰-W^(r)-M⁰-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ia38)wherein r is 6 or 8.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least one of u, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and at least twoof the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leastthree of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and at leasttwo of the non-zero groups are not in the same letter.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least two of u or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least one u is not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) both u are not zero, and at least one w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment of the invention for a compound offormula (Ia38) both w are not zero.

Compounds of Formula (Ib)

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ib):

E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E  (Ib)

wherein:

L is -L^(n);

each A is selected from -A^(s);

each M is selected from -M^(t);

each P is selected from —P^(u);

each Z is selected from —Z^(v);

each V is selected from —V^(W);

each E is selected from -E^(x);

each n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, or 10;

each s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18 or 21;

each t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11;

each u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14;

each v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

each w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20 or 21;

each x is 0 or 1;

wherein the sum of n, s, t, u, v, w, and x is not 0;

each L⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(L2) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl,        alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkyl; and    -   each aa is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(L2) is independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl,        alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkyl;    -   each R^(L3) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;    -   each bb is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each aa is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the        sum of bb and aa is 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   the phenyl ring shown in L² is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo;

each R^(L4) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl; and

-   -   each H¹ is a 5 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or        aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms;        each L³ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partially        unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,        arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy,        hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl,        (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴,        haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl,        heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each        alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with        one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁴ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁵ is independently a —CR═CR-fusedbicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁶ is independently a —CR═CR-fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H^(1.1) is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated,        partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that        is optionally substituted with one or more R²;    -   each R² is independently selected from halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7),        —SR^(L7), —N(R^(L7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,        —N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7),        —C(O)OR^(L7), —C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7),        —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), and —S(═O)₂NR^(L7);    -   each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or        heterocycle; and    -   each aa is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each L⁹ is independently a fused-tetracyclic saturated,        partially unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that        is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from oxo, halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃,        —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7),        —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7), —C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7),        —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7),        alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,        —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L¹⁰ is independently a fused-pentacyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L¹¹ is independently a six-ring fused saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each A⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b)        are each independently selected from the group consisting of        hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,        arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl,        and heterocyclylalkyl; and each    -   bb is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; or    -   each A⁰ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring        containing one, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is        optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R^(A3) groups;        each A¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;    -   each cc is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4        each A² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each bb is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the sum of bband cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each A³ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containingone, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is substituted with one ormore R^(A1) groups, and which ring is optionally substituted with one ormore R^(A3) groups;each A⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁵ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁵ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁶ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁶ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided        that at least one X^(A) is present and each R is independently        selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided that at        least one X^(A) is present and each R is independently selected        from H or alkyl;        each A⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, NRC(═O), C(═O)NR,        CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each R is        independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A⁹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁹ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;    -   each H¹⁰ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that is optionally        fused to an aryl, which H¹⁰ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from oxo, alkoxy,        alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,        formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -Nine,        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl        each A¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;    -   each H¹¹ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that contains one        or more heteroatoms that is optionally fused to an aryl, which        H¹¹ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

each A¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹² is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic carbocycle,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R¹ and R³; and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹³ is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic heterocycle        that comprises at least one heteroatom in the ring system, which        ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic carbocycle which is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁵ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic heterocycle that comprises at        least one heteroatom in the ring system, which ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁶ is independently a fused bicyclic carbocyclic ring        system wherein one ring is aromatic and another ring is        partially or fully saturated, which ring system is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A¹⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁷ is independently a fused bicyclic ring system        comprising at least one heteroatom, wherein one ring is aromatic        and another ring is partially or fully saturated, which ring        system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each A²¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁴⁰ is independently an anti-aromatic monocyclic or fused        carbocyclic ring system, which carbocyclic ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each        R is independently selected from H or alkyl;        each M⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group        optionally substituted with one or more alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,        arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, haloalkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl        and trialkylsilylalkoxyalkyl;        each M¹ is independently selected from —C(═O)NH—,        —C(═O)NH—C(R^(M))₂—, —NHC(═O)—, —C(R^(M))₂NHC(═O)—,        —NHC(═O)NR^(M)—, —NHC(═O)O—; wherein each R^(M) is independently        selected from H and alkyl;        each M² is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each M³ is independently:

each M⁴ is independently:

each M⁵ is independently:

wherein the bond designated with

is fused to a ring defined for P;each M⁶ is independently a bicyclic bridged ring system comprising 5-15atoms wherein at least one of the atoms is a heteroatom;each M⁷ is independently a pyrid-di-yl;each M⁸ is independently partially saturated or a saturatedfive-membered ring that comprises one or more heteroatoms and that isoptionally substituted with one or two oxo;each M⁹ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more R^(P11);each M¹⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group;each M¹¹ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo halo, —R^(M7), —OR^(M7), —SR^(M7),—N(R^(M7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(M7))C(═O)R^(M7),—C(═O)R^(M7), —OC(═O)R^(M7), —C(O)OR^(M7), —C(═O)NR^(M7), —S(═O)R^(M7),—S(═O)₂OR^(M7), —S(═O)₂R^(M7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(M7), or —S(═O)₂NR^(M7);each R^(M7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;each P⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,        alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together        with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   R^(P7) and R^(P8) are each independently selected from hydrogen,        alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, and        (NR^(Pa)R^(Pb))alkyl; or R^(P7) and R^(P8), together with the        carbon atom to which they are attached, form a five or six        membered saturated ring optionally containing one or two        heteroatoms selected from NR^(Pz), 0, and S; wherein R^(Pz) is        selected from hydrogen and alkyl;    -   R^(P9) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;        each P¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn is 0, X is selected from CH₂,        CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   at least one R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are        independently selected from R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P12) is independently selected from R^(P5), R^(P11),        —C(═O)OR^(h), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,        haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,        cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,        heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,        cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein        each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl;        and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may come        together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15        membered heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P³ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from R^(PS), cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P⁴ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P14) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P14) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁵ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P15) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P15) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁶ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo and is optionally        substituted with one or more groups R^(P16) that are        independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo,        haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl can        optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁷ is a bridged 5-15 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring        that is attached to the remainder of the compound of formula I        through one N-link and through one C-link; wherein the ring is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(P6) and R^(P11);        each P⁸ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   ps is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; where in at        least one case two groups R^(P13) that are attached to the same        carbon are taken together with the carbon to which they are        attached and form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   pp is independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are independently selectedfrom R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy,cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl;wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy; alkynyl,alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h)groups are present then they may come together with the atoms to whichthey are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;

each P¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, or NR^(h);    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2 but the sum of pn and pm        is greater than zero;    -   pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h), R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,(NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy,oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl,alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may cometogether with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 memberedheterocyclic ring;

each P¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;

-   -   X is NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, or sulfonylalkyl; and when        two R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with        the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;        each —Z⁰- is —C(═O)— or —C(═S)—;        each —Z¹- is independently a bond, or —C(R^(Z1))₂—; wherein each        R^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;        each —Z²- is independently saturated or partially unsaturated        (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl that is optionally substituted with one or        more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z³- is independently saturated, partially unsaturated, or        aromatic 4-8 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring that is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z⁴- is independently:

wherein each R^(Z4) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl;each —Z⁵- is independently:

wherein each R^(Z5) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl; or two R^(Z5)s together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a 4-8 membered heterocyclic ring that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo and with one or more groupsindependently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each —Z⁶- is independently —C(R^(Z1))— and is doublebonded to P; whereinR^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;each E⁰ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein

R^(Ec) and R^(Ed) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each E¹ is independently —OC(═O)NR^(Ee)R^(Ef) wherein each R^(Ee) andR^(Ef) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro; or wherein R^(Ee) andR^(Ef), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma heterocycle;

each V⁰ is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, CO,cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V¹ is independently cyanoalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V² is independently haloalkyl, which is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V³ is independently alkyl, which is substituted with one or moreoxo, and which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, halo, aryl, alkenyl, and cyano;each V⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NRaRbC(═O)O—; Ra and Rb are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁵ is independently alkylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁶ is independently arylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁷ is independently heterocyclosulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁸ is independently spirocycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁹ is independently spirocycloalkylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁰ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹¹ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹² is independently bridged-bicycliccycloalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹³ is independently bridged-bicyclic-cycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁴ is independently aryloxyalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁵ is independently arylalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁶ is independently cycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁷ is independently cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁸ is independently heterocyclooxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁹ is independently heterocycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²⁰ is independently heteroaryloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O —; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl; andeach V²¹ is independently heteroarylalkylalkoxyalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention L is L³.

In another specific embodiment of the invention L is benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A-L- is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention -M-A-L- is selectedfrom:

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib1): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M-A¹⁵-L-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ib1).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib2): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M-A¹⁵-L³-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ib2).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib3): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁰-A¹⁵-L³-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ib3).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib4): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M-A¹⁶-L-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ib4).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib5): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M-A¹⁶-L³-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ib5).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib6): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁰-A¹⁶-L³-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ib6).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib7): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁹-A¹⁶-L³-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ib7).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib60): E⁰-V—Z⁰—P-M-A¹⁵-L-P—Z⁰—V-E⁰(Ib60).

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib61): E⁰-V—Z⁰—P-M-A¹⁶-L-P—Z⁰—V-E⁰(Ib61).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35):

wherein:

V is alkyl;

L is benzimidazolyl;

M is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring;

A¹⁵ is:

each H¹⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tricyclic carbocycle which is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and

each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O), C(═O)NR,CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, alkenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each R isindependently selected from H or alkyl;

each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

each P is independently selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib36):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib37):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35), (Ib36), or (Ib37) wherein P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35), (Ib36), or (Ib37):

wherein P is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35), (Ib36), or (Ib37): wherein P is:

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11);

each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl can optionallyform a fused three- to six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom,wherein the three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted withone or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together with theatom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;

-   -   each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, and —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib38):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib39):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib40):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib41):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib42):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib43):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib44):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib45):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35), (Ib36), (Ib37), (Ib38), (Ib39), (Ib40), (Ib41), (Ib42),(Ib43), (Ib44), or (Ib45) wherein each X^(A) that is allowed to beabsent is absent.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35), (Ib36), (Ib37), (Ib38), (Ib39), (Ib40), (Ib41), (Ib42),(Ib43), (Ib44), or (Ib45) wherein A¹⁵ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35), (Ib36), (Ib37), (Ib38), (Ib39), (Ib40), (Ib41), (Ib42),(Ib43), (Ib44), or (Ib45) wherein A¹⁵ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib35), (Ib36), (Ib37), (Ib38), (Ib39), (Ib40), (Ib41), (Ib42),(Ib43), (Ib44), or (Ib45) wherein each V is:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound whichis:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib8)

wherein:

V is alkyl;

L is benzimidazolyl;

M is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring;

A¹⁵ is:

each H¹⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tricyclic carbocycle which is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and

each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O), C(—O)NR,CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each R isindependently selected from H or alkyl;

each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

P is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib9):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib 10):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib11):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib12):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib13):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib14):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib15):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib 16):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib17):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula (Ib 18):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib) wherein P is

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib) wherein P is

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11);

each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl can optionallyform a fused three- to six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom,wherein the three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted withone or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together with theatom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;

-   -   each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, and —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib) wherein each X^(A) that is allowed to be absent is absent.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib) wherein A¹⁵ is selected from:

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib) wherein each V is:

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ib19):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M⁰-A^(s)-L⁹-P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ib19)

wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each w isindependently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and each s is 0, 6, 13, or 14.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)wherein L⁹ is:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; wherein * designates the site of connectionto P.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)wherein M⁰ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)wherein A⁰ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib 19)wherein A⁶ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib 19)wherein A¹³ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib 19)wherein A¹⁴ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib19)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ib20):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M⁰-A⁰-L⁴-P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ib20)

wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; and each w isindependently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ib21):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u1)-M⁰-A⁰-L⁴-P^(u2)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ib21)

wherein:

each u1 is 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; u2 is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11;and each w is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ib22):

E⁰-V^(w1)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M⁰-A⁰-L⁴-P^(u2)—Z⁰—V^(w2)-E⁰  (Ib22)

wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each u2 isindependently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; w1 is independently 0, 1, 2,3, 4, or 5; and each w2 is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ib23):

E⁰-V^(w1)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M⁰-A⁰-L⁴-P^(u2)—Z⁰—V^(w2)-E⁰  (Ib23)

wherein:

-   -   each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each u2 is        independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; w1 is independently        1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and each w2 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or        5.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula(Ib20)-(Ib23) wherein M⁰ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula(Ib20)-(Ib23) wherein A⁰ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula(Ib20)-(Ib23) wherein L⁴ is:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; and wherein * designates the site ofconnection to P.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ib24):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M⁰-A^(s)-L⁴-P^(u2)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ib24)

wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each u2 isindependently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each w is independently 0, 1,2, 3, 4, or 5; and s is 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, or 16.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib24)wherein s is 16 and A¹⁶ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; and A is A⁰; or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib24)wherein s is 6 and A⁶ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib25):

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib24)wherein s is 5 and A⁵ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib26):

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib24)wherein s is 13 and A¹³ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib27):

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib24)wherein s is 14 and A¹⁴ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib24)wherein s is 15 and A¹⁵ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ib34):

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M-A¹⁵-L-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M-A¹⁵-L³-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M⁰-A¹⁵-L³-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M-A¹⁶-L-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M-A¹⁶-L³-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M⁰-A 16-L³-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ib) is a compound of formula: R9-Z—P-M⁹-A¹⁶-L³-P—Z—R9.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ib50):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ib50)wherein the sum of t, s, n, u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least three of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least three of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least three of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least four of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein the sum of n, t, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein the sum of s, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein s, and at least one t, and at least one u are allnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u, w and t are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of s, u, and w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of s, u, and w are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least s and both u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least one of u, or w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein at least two of w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib50) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein t is 0 or 10; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,or 10; and s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,16, 17, 18, or 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein t is 0 or 10; n is 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or10; and s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,17, 18, 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein t is 9; n is 3; and s is 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein t is 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11; n is0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; and s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein t is 0; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;and s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,or 20.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein t is 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11; n is 4;and s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, or 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least three of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least three of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least three of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least four of n, s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero and at least four of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein the sum of n, t, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein the sum of s, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein s, and at least one t, and at least one u are allnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u, w and t are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of s, u, and w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of s, u, and w are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least s and both u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least one of u, or w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein at least two of w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib50) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ib51):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M⁹-A^(s)-L³-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ib51)wherein s is 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, or 7.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib51) wherein both w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ib52):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M⁰-A⁰-L⁴-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ib52).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ib52) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of theformula (Ib52) wherein both w are not zero.

Compounds of Formula (Ic)

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ic):

E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E  (Ic)

wherein:

each A is selected from -A^(s);

each M is selected from -M^(t);

each P is selected from —P^(u);

each Z is selected from —Z^(v);

each V is selected from —V^(w);

each E is selected from -E^(x);

each s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, or 21;

each t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11;

each u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14;

each v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

each w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20 or 21;

each x is 0 or 1;

wherein the sum of s, t, u, v, w, and x is not 0;

each A⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -Nine,        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b)        are each independently selected from the group consisting of        hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,        arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl,        and heterocyclylalkyl; and each    -   bb is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; or    -   each A⁰ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring        containing one, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is        optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R^(A3) groups;        each A¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl;    -   each cc is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4;        each A² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴,        SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each bb is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the sum of bband cc is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each A³ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containingone, two, or three nitrogen atoms, which ring is substituted with one ormore R^(A1) groups, and which ring is optionally substituted with one ormore R^(A3) groups;each A⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁵ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁵ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent        each A⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁶ is independently a phenyl ring or a six-membered        heteroaromatic ring, which H⁶ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        and each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided        that at least one X^(A) is present;        each A⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent; provided that at        least one X^(A) is present;        each A⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A⁹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁷ is independently a five-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which H⁷ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁸ is independently a phenyl ring, which is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        R^(A1) and R^(A3);    -   each H⁹ is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent        each A¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;    -   each H¹⁰ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that is optionally        fused to an aryl, which H¹⁰ is optionally substituted with one        or more groups independently selected from oxo, alkoxy,        alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,        formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and    -   each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl,        aryl, and arylalkyl        each A¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;    -   each H¹¹ is independently a 5-15 carbon unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated bicyclic ring system that contains one        or more heteroatoms that is optionally fused to an aryl, which        H¹¹ is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,        alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),        (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro,        SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴,        cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,        and (heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and        cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halo; and

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

each A¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹² is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic carbocycle,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹³ is independently a fused aromatic bicyclic heterocycle        that comprises at least one heteroatom in the ring system, which        ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A¹⁵ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic carbocycle which is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A¹⁶ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁵ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially        unsaturated or saturated tricyclic heterocycle that comprises at        least one heteroatom in the ring system, which ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A¹⁷ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁶ is independently a fused bicyclic carbocyclic ring        system wherein one ring is aromatic and another ring is        partially or fully saturated, which ring system is optionally        substituted with one or more groups independently selected from        oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A¹⁸ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H¹⁷ is independently a fused bicyclic ring system        comprising at least one heteroatom, wherein one ring is aromatic        and another ring is partially or fully saturated, which ring        system is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from oxo, R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each A²¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each H⁴⁰ is independently an anti-aromatic monocyclic or fused        carbocyclic ring system, which carbocyclic ring system is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and    -   each X^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O),        C(═O)NR, CR═CR, NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent;        each M⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group        optionally substituted with one or more alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,        arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, haloalkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl        and trialkylsilylalkoxyalkyl;        each M¹ is independently selected from —C(═O)NH—,        —C(═O)NH—C(R^(M))₂—, —NHC(═O)—, —C(R^(M))₂NHC(═O)—,        —NHC(═O)NR^(M)—, —NHC(═O)O—; wherein each R^(M) is independently        selected from H and alkyl;        each M² is independently a six-membered heteroaromatic ring,        which is optionally substituted with one or more groups        independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each M³ is independently:

each M⁴ is independently:

each M⁵ is independently:

wherein the bond designated with

is fused to a ring defined for P;each M⁶ is independently a bicyclic bridged ring system comprising 5-15atoms wherein at least one of the atoms is a heteroatom;each M⁷ is independently a pyrid-di-yl;each M⁸ is independently partially saturated or a saturatedfive-membered ring that comprises one or more heteroatoms and that isoptionally substituted with one or two oxo;each M⁹ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more R^(P11);each M¹⁰ is independently a five membered heteroaryl group;each M¹¹ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo halo, —R^(M7), —OR^(M7), —SR^(M7),—N(R^(M7))₂, —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂, —N(R^(m7))C(═O)R^(M7),—C(═O)R^(M7), —OC(═O)R^(M7), —C(O)OR^(M7), —C(═O)NR^(M7), —S(═O)R^(M7),—S(═O)₂OR^(M7), —S(═O)₂R^(M7), —OS(═O)₂OR^(M7), or —S(═O)₂NR^(M7);each R^(M7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;each P⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,        alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together        with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   R^(P7) and R^(P8) are each independently selected from hydrogen,        alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, and        (NR^(Pa)R^(Pb))alkyl; or R^(P7) and R^(P8), together with the        carbon atom to which they are attached, form a five or six        membered saturated ring optionally containing one or two        heteroatoms selected from NR^(Pz), O, and S; wherein R^(Pz) is        selected from hydrogen and alkyl;    -   R^(P9) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;        each P¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn is 0, X is selected from CH₂,        CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   at least one R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are        independently selected from R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P12) is independently selected from R^(P5), R^(P11),        —C(═O)OR^(h), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,        haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,        cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,        heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,        cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein        each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl;        and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may come        together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15        membered heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P³ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo groups;        each R^(P13) is independently selected from R^(P5), cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P⁴ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P14) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P14) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁵ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P15) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P15) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁶ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo and is optionally        substituted with one or more groups R^(P16) that are        independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo,        haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl can        optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁷ is a bridged 5-15 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring        that is attached to the remainder of the compound of formula I        through one N-link and through one C-link; wherein the ring is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(P6) and R^(P11);        each P⁸ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   ps is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;    -   pn is 0, 1 ort;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; where in at        least one case two groups R^(P13) that are attached to the same        carbon are taken together with the carbon to which they are        attached and form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹² is independently:

wherein:

-   -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   pp is independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are independently selectedfrom R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy,cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl;wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h)groups are present then they may come together with the atoms to whichthey are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;

each P¹³ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, or NR^(h);    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2 but the sum of pn and pm        is greater than zero;    -   pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy,cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy,heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy,cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),(NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h) isindependently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle,heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),—C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h), R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl,haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,(NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy,oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl,alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl,haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are present then they may cometogether with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 memberedheterocyclic ring;

each P¹⁴ is independently:

wherein:

the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;

-   -   X is NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;    -   each R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   pq is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm is independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, NR^(h)R^(h)        alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo,        heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, or sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups        are present then they may come together with the atoms to which        they are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each —Z⁰— is —C(═O)— or —C(═S)—;        each —Z¹- is independently a bond, or —C(R^(Z1))₂—; wherein each        R^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;        each —Z²- is independently saturated or partially unsaturated        (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl that is optionally substituted with one or        more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z³- is independently saturated, partially unsaturated, or        aromatic 4-8 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring that is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);        each —Z⁴- is independently:

wherein each R^(Z4) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl;each —Z⁵- is independently:

wherein each R^(Z5) is independently H, alkyl, cyano, aryl, orheteroaryl; or two R^(Z5)s together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a 4-8 membered heterocyclic ring that is optionallysubstituted with one or more oxo and with one or more groupsindependently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3);each —Z⁶- is independently —C(R^(Z1))— and is doublebonded to P; whereinR^(Z1) is independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halo;each E⁰ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein

R^(Ec) and R^(Ed) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each E¹ is independently —OC(═O)NR^(Ee)R^(Ef) wherein each R^(Ee) andR^(Ef) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro; or wherein R^(Ee) andR^(Ef), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma heterocycle;

each V⁰ is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, CO,cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl, wherein each R is independently selected fromhydrogen and alkyl;and wherein arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to three arylgroups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V¹ is independently cyanoalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V² is independently haloalkyl, which is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V³ is independently alkyl, which is substituted with one or moreoxo, and which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, halo, aryl, alkenyl, and cyano;each V⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NRaRbC(═O)O—; Ra and Rb are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁵ is independently alkylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁶ is independently arylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁷ is independently heterocyclosulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁸ is independently spirocycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V⁹ is independently spirocycloalkylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁰ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹¹ is independently fusedbicycliccycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹² is independently bridged-bicycliccycloalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹³ is independently bridged-bicyclic-cycloalkylalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁴ is independently aryloxyalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁵ is independently arylalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁶ is independently cycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁷ is independently cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁸ is independently heterocyclooxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V¹⁹ is independently heterocycloalkyloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V²⁰ is independently heteroaryloxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl; andeach V²¹ is independently heteroarylalkylalkoxyalkyl, which isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,heteroaryl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises: M⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M⁹, M⁹-A-A-M⁰, or M⁹-A-A-M⁹,M¹⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M¹⁰, M¹⁰-A-A-M⁹, M⁹-A-A-M¹⁰, or M¹⁰-A-A-M¹⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A-A- is -A⁰-A⁵-.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A-A- is -A⁰-A¹³-.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A-A- is -A¹³-A¹³-.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A-A- is -A⁰-A¹¹-.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A-A- is -A¹³-A⁶-.

In another specific embodiment of the invention one A is A⁰ and one A isA⁵, wherein one X^(A) in the A⁵ is absent and the other X^(A) in the A⁵is alkynyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A⁰-A⁵- has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention one A is A⁰ and one A isA¹³, wherein both X^(A) in the A¹³ are absent.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A⁰-A¹³- has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention A-A is A¹³-A¹³, whereinall X^(A) in both A¹³ are absent.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A¹³-A¹³- has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention A-A- is A⁰-A¹¹ whereinall X^(A) in both the A⁰ and the A¹¹, are absent or alkynyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention -A⁰-A¹¹- has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises one A¹³ and one A⁶ wherein all X^(A) in the A¹³ areabsent.

In another specific embodiment of the invention-A¹³-A⁶- has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁰ is imidazolyl and M⁹is benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises two A⁰ and one M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises two A⁰ and one M is M⁰ and another M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises A⁰-A⁰-M⁹ which has the following structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises M⁰-A⁰-A⁰-M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁰-A⁰-A⁰-M⁹ has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises A⁰-A⁷-M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention A⁰-A⁷-M⁹ has thefollowing structure:

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises one or two M and each M is M⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises one or two M and each M is imidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises one or two M and each M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises one or two M and each M is benzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises two M wherein one M is M⁰ and one M is M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) comprises two M wherein one M is imidazolyl and one M isbenzimidazolyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention A-A is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention -M-A-A-M- is selectedfrom M⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M⁹, M⁹-A-A-M⁰, and M⁹-A-A-M⁹.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) M-A-A-M is selected from M¹⁰-A-A-M⁰, M⁰-A-A-M¹⁰, M¹⁰-A-A-M⁹,M⁹-A-A-M¹⁰, and M¹⁰-A-A-M¹⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each M is independentlya 5-membered heteroaryl ring.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each M is2,4-imidazoldiyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁶.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁷.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁸.

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is selected from thegroup consisting of:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M⁰ is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention M is M⁹ which is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention the sum of s, t, u, v,w, and x is not 0;

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least two of s, t, u,v, w, and x are other than 0.

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least three of s, t,u, v, w, and x are other than 0.

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least four of s, t,u, v, w, and x are other than 0.

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least five of s, t,u, v, w, and x are other than 0.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic1): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁰-A¹³-A⁶-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic2): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁹-A¹³-A⁶-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic3): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M¹⁰-A¹³-A⁶-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic3) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a—compound of formula (Ic4): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M¹¹-A¹³-A⁶-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic4) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic5): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁰-A¹³-A⁰-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic5) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic6): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M⁹-A¹³-A⁰-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic6) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic7): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M¹⁰-A¹³-A⁰-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic7) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic8): E⁰-V⁰—Z⁰—P-M¹¹-A¹³-A⁰-M-P—Z⁰—V⁰-E⁰(Ic8) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention A¹³-A⁰ is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic9):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic10):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic11):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic9), (Ic10), or (Ic11) wherein -A-A- is-A¹³-A⁶-.

In another specific embodiment of the invention the compound of formula(Ic) is a compound of formula (Ic9), (Ic10), or (Ic11) wherein -A-A- is-A¹³-A⁰-.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ic12):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M^(t1)-A^(s1)-A^(s2)-M^(t2)-P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ic12)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each w isindependently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; each t1 is 0 or 10; each t2 is 0 or10; each s1 is 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, or 16; and each s2 is 0, 4, or 13.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)wherein M⁰ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A⁰-A¹³ and is selected from:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic14)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A⁰-A⁴ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A⁰-A¹⁴ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A¹³-A¹⁴ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A¹³-A¹³ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A¹⁵-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A¹⁴-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A¹³-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A¹⁶-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A⁰-A⁵ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic13)wherein A-A is A⁰-A⁵ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic12)which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ic15):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M^(t1)-A^(s1)-A^(s2)-M^(t2)-P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ic15)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each w isindependently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; each t1 is 0, 10, or 13; t2 is 9; s1is 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, or 16; and s2 is 0, 4, or 13.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ic16):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-M^(t1)-A^(s1)-A^(s2)-M^(t2)-P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ic16)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

each u is independently 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11; each w isindependently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; each t1 is 9; t2 is 0, 10, or 13; s1is 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, or 16; and s2 is 0, 4, or 13.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein M⁰ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein M⁹ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A⁰-A¹³ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A⁰-A¹³ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A⁰-A⁴ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A⁰-A⁴ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A¹³-A¹⁴ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A¹³-A¹³ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A¹⁵-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A⁰-A⁵ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A⁰-A⁵ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A¹⁴-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A¹³-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) wherein A-A is A¹⁶-A⁶ and is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic15) or(Ic16) which is selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic17) or(Ic18)

wherein:

each P is independently selected from:

and

each M is independently M⁰, M⁹, or M¹⁰;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic17) or(Ic18) wherein each E⁰ is methoxycarbonylamino.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ic17) or(Ic18) wherein at least one E⁰ is —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein R^(Ec) is H,alkyl or cycloalkyl and R^(Ed) is heterocycle.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ic30):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M^(t)-A^(s)-A^(s)-M^(t)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x)(Ic30) wherein at least two of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least one t is 0 or 10.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein both t are 9; one s is 0; and one s is 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein both t are 9; one s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21; and one s is 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least one t is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least three of s, t, u, v, w or x are notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least three of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least three of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least four of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least four of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least four of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least four of s, t, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least four of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein the sum of t, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein the sum of s, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein s, and at least one t, and at least one u are allnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of u, w and t are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of s, u, and w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of s, u, and w are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least s and both u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least one of u, or w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of u or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein at least two of w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein both t are 9; one s is 0; and one s is 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic30) wherein both t are 9; one s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21; and one s is 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Ic31):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-M⁹-A^(s)-A^(s)-M⁹-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Ic31)wherein one s is 0 or 6 and one s is 6.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least one of u or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least two of u or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Ic31) wherein both w are not zero.

Compounds of Formula (Id)

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Id):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)-L^(n1)-L^(n2)-P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Id)

wherein:

n1 is 3, 4, or 9;

n2 is 9;

each u is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11;

each w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

each L³ is independently a fused-bicyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from alkoxy,alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl,halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁴ is independently a fused-tricyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy,formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b),(NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, (NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl, cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl; and

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each L⁹ is independently a fused-tetracyclic saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic ring system that is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from oxo,halo, —R^(L7), —OR^(L7), —SR^(L7), —CF₃, —CCl₃, —OCF₃, —CN, —NO₂,—N(R^(L7))C(═O)R^(L7), —C(═O)R^(L7), —OC(═O)R^(L7), —C(O)OR^(L7),—C(═O)NR^(L7), —S(═O)R^(L7), —S(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂R^(L7),—OS(═O)₂OR^(L7), —S(═O)₂NR^(L7), alkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl;

each R^(L7) is independently —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heterocycle;

R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each P⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,        alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together        with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   R^(P7) and R^(P8) are each independently selected from hydrogen,        alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, and        (NR^(Pa)R^(Pb))alkyl; or R^(P7) and R^(P8), together with the        carbon atom to which they are attached, form a five or six        membered saturated ring optionally containing one or two        heteroatoms selected from NR^(Pz), O, and S; wherein R^(Pz) is        selected from hydrogen and alkyl;    -   R^(P9) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;        each P¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn is 0, X is selected from CH₂,        CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   at least one R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are        independently selected from R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P³ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo groups;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from R^(P5), cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P⁵ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P15) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P15) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁷ is a bridged 5-15 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring        that is attached to the remainder of the compound of formula I        through one N-link and through one C-link; wherein the ring is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(P6) and R^(P11);        each P⁸ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   ps is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; where in at        least one case two groups R^(P13) that are attached to the same        carbon are taken together with the carbon to which they are        attached and form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each —Z⁰— is —C(═O)— or —C(═S)—;        each E⁰ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein

R^(Ec) and R^(Ed) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V⁰ is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, CO,cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V¹ is independently cyanoalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V² is independently haloalkyl, which is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V³ is independently alkyl, which is substituted with one or moreoxo, and which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, halo, aryl, alkenyl, and cyano;andeach V⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(a)R^(b)C(═O)O—; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independentlyselected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl; andeach V⁵ is independently alkylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id)wherein each L is benzimidazolyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id1) or(Id2) which is selected from:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id)wherein L⁹ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id)wherein L⁹ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id3) or(Id4) which is selected from:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id)wherein L³ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id5) or(Id6) which is selected from:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id)wherein L⁴ is:

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Id5) or(Id6) which is selected from:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Id30):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-L^(n)-L^(n)-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Id30);wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein one n is 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; andone n is 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of n, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of n, u, v, w or x are not zero andat least one n is selected from 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of n, u, v, w or x are not zero andat least one n is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10

Wherein at least three of n, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of n, u, v, w or x are not zero andat least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least three of n, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least three of n, u, v, w or x are not zeroand at least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least four of n, u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least four of n, u, v, w or x are not zero andat least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least four of n, u, v, w or x are not zero andat least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least four of n, u, v, w or x are not zero andat least four of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein the sum of n, u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein the sum of u, v, w or x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least one n, and at least one u are all notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of u, w and n are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of u, and w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of u, and w are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least w and both u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least one of u, or w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein at least two of w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id30) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Id31):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-L³-L³-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Id31).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id31) wherein both w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound of thefollowing formula (Id32):E^(x)-V^(w)—Z^(v)—P^(u)-L⁴-L⁴-P^(u)—Z^(v)—V^(w)-E^(x) (Id32).

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least one of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least two of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least two u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least three of u, v, w or x are not zero andat least three of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least four of u, v, w or x are not zero and atleast two of the non-zero groups are not the same letter.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein the sum of u, v, w and x is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least one of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least two of u, or w are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least one u is not zero, and at least one w isnot zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein both u are not zero, and at least one w is notzero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least one u is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein both of u are not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein at least one of w is not zero.

In another specific embodiment the invention provides a compound offormula (Id32) wherein both w are not zero.

Compounds of Formula (Ie)

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is acompound of formula (Ie):

E⁰-V^(w)—Z⁰—P^(u)—Y²—P^(u)—Z⁰—V^(w)-E⁰  (Ie)

wherein:

each u is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 11;

each w is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

each Y² is independently:a fused five to eight ring system with up to thirty-two atoms that maybe fully aromatic or partially saturated and contains atoms selectedfrom C, N, O, S, SO₂, SO and which ring system is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from H, oxo, R^(A1) andR^(A3);

each R^(A1) is independently selected from cyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴,-alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl, NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl,(halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (heterocycle)alkyl,wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one or more halo;

each R^(A3) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo,haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

each R⁴ is independently selected from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, andarylalkyl;

R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, andheterocyclylalkyl;

each P⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) are each independently H,        alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa) and R^(Pb) taken together        with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;    -   R⁷ and R^(P8) are each independently selected from hydrogen,        alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, and        (NR^(Pa)R^(Pb))alkyl; or R^(P7) and R^(P8), together with the        carbon atom to which they are attached, form a five or six        membered saturated ring optionally containing one or two        heteroatoms selected from NR^(Pz), O, and S; wherein R^(Pz) is        selected from hydrogen and alkyl;    -   R^(P9) is selected from hydrogen and alkyl;        each P¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn is 0, X is selected from CH₂,        CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   at least one R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl, —NR^(hh)R^(h),        (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein each R^(h)        is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) is independently aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h),        —C(═O)R^(h), —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); and the remaining R^(P11) are        independently selected from R^(P5), cyano, alkylsulfonyl,        arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl,        heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,        haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,        heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P³ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is substituted with one or more oxo group;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from R^(P5), cyano,        alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,        heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy,        alkoxyalkyloxy, haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy,        aryloxyalkyloxy, heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy,        (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy, cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy,        cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl; wherein each R^(h) is        independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,        heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl,        alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl,        alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two        R^(h) groups are present then they may come together with the        atoms to which they are bound to form a 4-15 membered        heterocyclic ring;    -   ps is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;        each P⁵ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   the ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups        R^(P15) that are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,        aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the        alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring        with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered        ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; and        where two groups R^(P15) that are attached to the same carbon        when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached        can form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;    -   pn is 0, 1, or 2;    -   Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)₂, or NR^(f);    -   each R^(f) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl,        arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy,        alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,        aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,        —S(═O)₂NR^(h)R^(h), —S(═O)₂R^(h), C(═O)R^(h), C(═O)OR^(h),        —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h); each R^(h) is independently —H, alkyl,        alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy,        alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl,        cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,        dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; or when two R^(h) groups are        present then they may come together with the atoms to which they        are bound to form a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P⁷ is a bridged 5-15 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring        that is attached to the remainder of the compound of formula I        through one N-link and through one C-link; wherein the ring is        optionally substituted with one or more groups independently        selected from R^(P6) and R^(P11);        each P⁸ is independently a ring of the formula:

wherein:

-   -   ps is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;    -   each R^(P13) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; where in at        least one case two groups R^(P13) that are attached to the same        carbon are taken together with the carbon to which they are        attached and form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring;        each P¹⁰ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each P¹¹ is independently:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from O, S, S(O), SO₂, CH₂, CHR^(P10), and        C(R^(P10))₂; provided that when pn or pm is 0, X is selected        from CH₂, CHR^(P10), and C(R^(P10))₂;    -   each R^(P10) is independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, aryl,        halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb), wherein the alkyl        can optionally form a fused three- to six-membered ring with an        adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-membered ring is        optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups;    -   each R^(P5) and R^(P6) is independently selected from alkoxy,        alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),        wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to        six-membered ring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the        three- to six-membered ring is optionally substituted with one        or two alkyl groups;    -   pq and ps are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   pm and pn are independently 0, 1, or 2;    -   po and pp are independently 1, 2, or 3;        each —Z⁰— is —C(═O)— or —C(═S)—;        each E⁰ is independently —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein

R^(Ec) and R^(Ed) are each independently selected from hydrogen,alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl,arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl,cycloalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, formyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl,heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))alkyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))alkylcarbonyl, (NR^(e)R^(f))carbonyl,(NR^(e)R^(f))sulfonyl, —C(NCN)OR′, and —C(NCN)NR^(X)R^(Y), wherein R′ isselected from alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl, and wherein the alkyl partof the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, and theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one—NR^(e)R^(f) group; and wherein the aryl, the aryl part of thearylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, thearylcarbonyl, the aryloxycarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl, theheterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, theheterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and theheterocyclyloxycarbonyl are further optionally substituted with one,two, or three substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V⁰ is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, CO,cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, aryalkoxyalkylcarbonylalkyl,carboxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, NRRCOalkyl;and where in arylalkyl the alkyl can be substituted with up to threearyl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl is further optionallysubstituted with one or two additional groups independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, hydroxy;and the aryl part can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y),—(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and —P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thesecond aryl group, the aryl part of the arylalkyl, the aryl part of thearylcarbonyl, the heterocyclyl, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), (NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo, wherein the alkyl part of thearylalkyl and the heterocyclylalkyl are unsubstituted and wherein thearyl, the aryl part of the arylalkyl; the aryl part of the arylcarbonyl,the second heterocyclyl group, and the heterocyclyl part of theheterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl are further optionallysubstituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selectedfrom alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro;

each V¹ is independently cyanoalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V² is independently haloalkyl, which is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, hydroxy, andNR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;each V³ is independently alkyl, which is substituted with one or moreoxo, and which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, halo, aryl, alkenyl, and cyano;each V⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(a)R^(b)C(═O)O—; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independentlyselected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl; andeach V⁵ is independently alkylsulfonylalkyl, which is optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected fromcycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl;

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ie)wherein Y² is:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (Ie)which is selected from:

wherein X—X is selected from O, CH₂, CH═CH, CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O, O—CH₂,CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and CH₂—O—CH₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, orprodrug thereof.

Specific Values for E, P, V, and Z

In another specific embodiment of the invention each E is E⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each E is—NHC(═O)Oalkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention E⁰ ismethoxycarbonylamino.

In one embodiment the invention E⁰ is —NH2, alkylamino or dialkylamino.

In one embodiment the invention E⁰ is cycloalkylamino orcycloalkyl(alkyl)amino, or dicycloalkylamino.

In one embodiment the invention E⁰ is heterocyclyl.

In one embodiment the invention E⁰ is heterocyclylamino where the aminois optionally substituted with alkyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (I)wherein at least one E⁰ is —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein R^(Ec) is H and R^(Ed)is methoxycarbonyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (I)wherein at least one E⁰ is —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein R^(Ec) is H or alkyland R^(Ed) is H or alkyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (I)wherein at least one E⁰ is —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein R^(Ec) is H, alkyl orcycloalkyl and R^(Ed) is cycloalkyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (I)wherein at least one E⁰ is an N-linked heterocyclyl.

In one embodiment the invention provides a compound of formula (I)wherein at least one E⁰ is —NR^(Ec)R^(Ed) wherein R^(Ec) is H, alkyl, orcycloalkyl; and R^(Ed) is heterocycle.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

wherein R′″ is hydrogen or methyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from

and another P is P⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from

wherein R′″ is hydrogen or methyl; and another P is P⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one P is P⁷ andis:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one P is P⁸ andis:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is P¹⁰ and is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is P¹¹ and is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention each P is independentlyselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P⁰ is

In another specific embodiment of the invention P⁷ is a [2.2.1] or a[2.2.2] ring system.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P⁷ is

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11).

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and np is 0 or 1.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

wherein X is O or S; and Het is a heterocycle.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

wherein R_(a) is hydrogen or methyl and R_(b) is methyl, or ethyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is selected from:

wherein X is O or S; R_(1p) and R_(2p) are carbon linked and when takentogether form a 4-6 membered heterocycle; R_(3p) is alkyl or cycloalkyl;and R_(4p) is hydrogen, methyl, or cyclopropyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention P is P⁰ and is selectedfrom:

wherein R is alkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention when P is a divalentgroup that is linked through a nitrogen of P and through a carbon of P,it is the nitrogen of P that is connected to Z.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is V⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is alkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is isopropyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is isobutyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is V².

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is haloalkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is independentlyselected from V⁰, V¹, V², V³, V⁴, and V⁵.

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V isselected from:

In another specific embodiment of the invention at least one V is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V is:

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V² is independentlyhaloalkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy,cycloalkenyl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl; and eachV⁴ is independently haloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionally substitutedwith one or more groups independently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy,haloalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) andR^(Vb) are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, andalkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each V⁰ is independentlyarylalkyl or heterocyclylalkyl, wherein arylalkyl can be substitutedwith up to three aryl groups, and the alkyl part of the arylalkyl isfurther optionally substituted with one or two additional groupsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkyocarbonyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy; and the aryl part can be substitutedwith 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from alkoxy,alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, a second aryl group,arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy,hydroxyalkyl, nitro, —NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, oxo, and—P(O)OR₂, wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen andalkyl; and wherein the alkyl part of the heterocyclylalkyl is furtheroptionally substituted with one, two, or three substituentsindependently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy,haloalkyl, and nitro; and the heterocyclyl can be substituted with 1, 2,3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl,cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group,heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro,—NR^(X)R^(Y), —(NR^(X)R^(Y))alkyl, and oxo.

In another specific embodiment the invention each V is isobutyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention at least one V is isobutyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention at least one V isphenylmethyl where the Z and E groups are each connected to the methylgroup (i.e. —CH(Ph)—).

In another specific embodiment the invention at least one V is V⁰ and atleast one V⁰ is phenylmethyl where the Z and E groups are each connectedto the methyl group and the phenyl can be substitituted as described inthe description for the V⁰ aryl group.

In another specific embodiment the invention at least one V⁰ isarylmethyl where the Z and E groups are each connected to the methylgroup and the aryl can be substitituted as described in the descriptionfor the V⁰ aryl group.

In another specific embodiment the invention at least one V is V⁰ and atleast one V⁰ is heterocyclylmethyl where the Z and E groups are eachconnected to the methyl group.

In another specific embodiment the invention at least one V is V⁰ and atleast one V⁰ is heterocyclylmethyl where the Z and E groups are eachconnected to the methyl group and the heterocyclyl group can besubstitituted as described in the description for the V⁰ heterocyclylgroup.

In another specific embodiment the invention each V² is independentlyhaloalkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy,cycloalkenyl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; R^(Va) and R^(Vb) areeach independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, and alkyl.

In another specific embodiment the invention each V⁴ is independentlyhaloalkoxyalkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy,cycloalkenyl, hydroxy, and NR^(Va)R^(Vb)C(═O)O—; wherein R^(Va) andR^(Vb) are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkenyl, andalkyl.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each Z is Z⁰.

In another specific embodiment of the invention each Z is —C(═O)—.

For the compounds of formula (I) described herein, including thecompounds of formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), and (Ie), any of the abovespecific values or embodiments for the variables E, P, V, and Z, can beapplied. Thus, the invention also includes specific embodiments whereinone or more of the specific values or embodiments for J, T, P, W, L, M,A, R9, E, P, V, and Z described herein are combined with one of formulae(Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), and (Ie), to provide a sub-set of compounds thatrepresents a specific embodiment of the invention.

For example, by selecting a compound of formula (Ia9) above, along withspecific values for P, M, W, and V identified herein, one can identify aspecific embodiment the invention which is a compound of formula (Ia9):

wherein:

W is

one M is imidazolyl and one M is benzimidazolyl;

one P is P⁷ and is:

-   -   one P is P⁸ and is:

one V is selected from:

and

one V is:

The invention provides all such combinations as specific embodiments ofthe invention.

Synthetic Intermediates

The invention also provides synthetic processes and novel syntheticintermediates disclosed herein. For example, the invention provides thefollowing specific intermediate compounds that are useful for preparingcompounds of formula (I):

Exemplary Methods of Making the Compounds of the Invention.

The invention also relates to methods of making the compositions of theinvention. The compositions are prepared by any of the applicabletechniques of organic synthesis. Many such techniques are well known inthe art. However, many of the known techniques are elaborated inCompendium of Organic Synthetic Methods (John Wiley & Sons, New York),Vol. 1, Ian T. Harrison and Shuyen Harrison, 1971; Vol. 2, Ian T.Harrison and Shuyen Harrison, 1974; Vol. 3, Louis S. Hegedus and LeroyWade, 1977; Vol. 4, Leroy G. Wade, Jr., 1980; Vol. 5, Leroy G. Wade,Jr., 1984; and Vol. 6, Michael B. Smith; as well as March, J., AdvancedOrganic Chemistry, Third Edition, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985),Comprehensive Organic Synthesis. Selectivity, Strategy & Efficiency inModern Organic Chemistry. In 9 Volumes, Barry M. Trost, Editor-in-Chief(Pergamon Press, New York, 1993 printing). Other methods suitable forpreparing compounds of the invention are described in InternationalPatent Application Publication Number WO 2006/020276.

A number of exemplary methods for the preparation of the compositions ofthe invention are provided in the schemes and examples below. Thesemethods are intended to illustrate the nature of such preparations andare not intended to limit the scope of applicable methods.

Generally, the reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time,solvents, work-up procedures, and the like, will be those common in theart for the particular reaction to be performed. The cited referencematerial, together with material cited therein, contains detaileddescriptions of such conditions. Typically the temperatures will be−100° C. to 200° C., solvents will be aprotic or protic, and reactiontimes will be 10 seconds to 10 days. Work-up typically consists ofquenching any unreacted reagents followed by partition between awater/organic layer system (extraction) and separating the layercontaining the product.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are typically carried out attemperatures near room temperature (about 20° C.), although for metalhydride reductions frequently the temperature is reduced to 0° C. to−100° C., solvents are typically aprotic for reductions and may beeither protic or aprotic for oxidations. Reaction times are adjusted toachieve desired conversions.

Condensation reactions are typically carried out at temperatures nearroom temperature, although for non-equilibrating, kinetically controlledcondensations reduced temperatures (0° C. to −100° C.) are also common.Solvents can be either protic (common in equilibrating reactions) oraprotic (common in kinetically controlled reactions).

Standard synthetic techniques such as azeotropic removal of reactionby-products and use of anhydrous reaction conditions (e.g., inert gasenvironments) are common in the art and will be applied when applicable.

The terms “treated”, “treating”, “treatment”, and the like, when used inconnection with a chemical synthetic operation, mean contacting, mixing,reacting, allowing to react, bringing into contact, and other termscommon in the art for indicating that one or more chemical entities istreated in such a manner as to convert it to one or more other chemicalentities. This means that “treating compound one with compound two” issynonymous with “allowing compound one to react with compound two”,“contacting compound one with compound two”, “reacting compound one withcompound two”, and other expressions common in the art of organicsynthesis for reasonably indicating that compound one was “treated”,“reacted”, “allowed to react”, etc., with compound two. For example,treating indicates the reasonable and usual manner in which organicchemicals are allowed to react. Normal concentrations (0.01M to 10M,typically 0.1M to 1M), temperatures (−100° C. to 250° C., typically −78°C. to 150° C., more typically −78° C. to 100° C., still more typically0° C. to 100° C.), reaction vessels (typically glass, plastic, metal),solvents, pressures, atmospheres (typically air for oxygen and waterinsensitive reactions or nitrogen or argon for oxygen or watersensitive), etc., are intended unless otherwise indicated. The knowledgeof similar reactions known in the art of organic synthesis is used inselecting the conditions and apparatus for “treating” in a givenprocess. In particular, one of ordinary skill in the art of organicsynthesis selects conditions and apparatus reasonably expected tosuccessfully carry out the chemical reactions of the described processesbased on the knowledge in the art.

Modifications of each of the exemplary schemes and in the Examples(hereafter “exemplary schemes”) leads to various analogs of the specificexemplary materials produce. The above-cited citations describingsuitable methods of organic synthesis are applicable to suchmodifications.

In each of the exemplary schemes it may be advantageous to separatereaction products from one another and/or from starting materials. Thedesired products of each step or series of steps is separated and/orpurified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity bythe techniques common in the art. Typically such separations involvemultiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solventmixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography. Chromatographycan involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phaseand normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium, and lowpressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scaleanalytical; simulated moving bed (SMB) and preparative thin or thicklayer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layerand flash chromatography.

Another class of separation methods involves treatment of a mixture witha reagent selected to bind to or render otherwise separable a desiredproduct, unreacted starting material, reaction by product, or the like.Such reagents include adsorbents or absorbents such as activated carbon,molecular sieves, ion exchange media, or the like. Alternatively, thereagents can be acids in the case of a basic material, bases in the caseof an acidic material, binding reagents such as antibodies, bindingproteins, selective chelators such as crown ethers, liquid/liquid ionextraction reagents (LIX), or the like.

Selection of appropriate methods of separation depends on the nature ofthe materials involved. For example, boiling point, and molecular weightin distillation and sublimation, presence or absence of polar functionalgroups in chromatography, stability of materials in acidic and basicmedia in multiphase extraction, and the like. One skilled in the artwill apply techniques most likely to achieve the desired separation.

A single stereoisomer, e.g., an enantiomer, substantially free of itsstereoisomer may be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture usinga method such as formation of diastereomers using optically activeresolving agents (Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, (1962) by E. L.Eliel, McGraw Hill; Lochmuller, C. H., (1975) J. Chromatogr., 113, 3)283-302). Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the invention can beseparated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formationof ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation byfractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation ofdiastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separationof the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3)separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directlyunder chiral conditions.

Under method (1), diastereomeric salts can be formed by reaction ofenantiomerically pure chiral bases such as brucine, quinine, ephedrine,strychnine, α-methyl-β-phenylethylamine (amphetamine), and the like withasymmetric compounds bearing acidic functionality, such as carboxylicacid and sulfonic acid. The diastereomeric salts may be induced toseparate by fractional crystallization or ionic chromatography. Forseparation of the optical isomers of amino compounds, addition of chiralcarboxylic or sulfonic acids, such as camphorsulfonic acid, tartaricacid, mandelic acid, or lactic acid can result in formation of thediastereomeric salts.

Alternatively, by method (2), the substrate to be resolved is reactedwith one enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair(Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. (1994) Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 322). Diastereomeric compounds can be formedby reacting asymmetric compounds with enantiomerically pure chiralderivatizing reagents, such as menthyl derivatives, followed byseparation of the diastereomers and hydrolysis to yield the free,enantiomerically enriched substrate. A method of determining opticalpurity involves making chiral esters, such as a menthyl ester, e.g., (−)menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester,α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III. (1982) J. Org.Chem. 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the NMR spectrumfor the presence of the two atropisomeric diastereomers. Stablediastereomers of atropisomeric compounds can be separated and isolatedby normal- and reverse-phase chromatography following methods forseparation of atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (Hoye, T., WO96/15111). By method (3), a racemic mixture of two enantiomers can beseparated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase (ChiralLiquid Chromatography (1989) W. J. Lough, Ed. Chapman and Hall, NewYork; Okamoto, (1990) J. of Chromatogr. 513:375-378). Enriched orpurified enantiomers can be distinguished by methods used to distinguishother chiral molecules with asymmetric carbon atoms, such as opticalrotation and circular dichroism.

Schemes and Examples

General aspects of these exemplary methods are described below and inthe Examples. Each of the products of the following processes isoptionally separated, isolated, and/or purified prior to its use insubsequent processes.

A number of exemplary methods for the preparation of compounds of theinvention are provided herein, for example, in the Examples hereinbelow.These methods are intended to illustrate the nature of such preparationsare not intended to limit the scope of applicable methods. Certaincompounds of the invention can be used as intermediates for thepreparation of other compounds of the invention. In the exemplarymethods described herein, the fragment E-V— can also be written as R9-.Subsequently, the fragment E-V—Z— or R9-Z— can be written as T-. Thefragments E-V—Z—P, R9-Z—P—, or T-P— can all be written as J-.

Scheme 1 shows a general synthesis of the T-P-M-A-A-M-P-T molecule ofthe invention, wherein transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactionis utilized to construct the A-A bond and/or A-M bond. For illustrativepurposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed to couple a Br-M-P-T and an(RO)₂B-A-A-M-P-T intermediate or a Br-A-M-P-T and a (RO)₂B-A-M-P-Tintermediate. Boronic ester 1 (or 4) is coupled with an appropriatecoupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 2 or 5) using a palladium catalyst,such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 3. Palladium mediated cross-couplingreactions that enable the A-A bond formation, but employ alternativecoupling partners and reagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada,Sonagashira and Stille reactions.

Scheme 1a shows a general synthesis of the T-P-M-W-M-P-T molecule andthe P-M-W-M-P molecule of the invention, wherein transitionmetal-mediated cross-coupling reaction is utilized to construct the W-Mbond. For illustrative purposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed tocouple a Br-M-P-T and a (RO)₂B—W-M-P-T intermediate or a Br-M-P-PG to a(RO)₂B—W-M-P-PG intermediate. Boronic ester 6 (or 6.1) is coupled withan appropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 5 or 5.1) using apalladium catalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 7 and 8. Palladiummediated cross-coupling reactions that enable the A-A bond formation,but employ alternative coupling partners and reagents, include forexample the Negishi, Kumada, Sonagashira and Stille reactions.

Scheme 2 shows a general synthesis of an A-M-P-T molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is an amide or animidazole. Coupling of amine 10 with acid 9 is accomplished using apeptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford amide containing 11. Theacid 13 is coupled with an α-haloketone, such as α-bromoketone 12.1,under basic conditions (e.g. Et₃N) to afford 14.1. Alternatively, theacid 13 is coupled with an α-aminoketone 12.2, under amide formationconditions (e.g. EDC, Et₃N) to afford 14.2. Reaction of 14.1 or 14.2with an amine or amine salt (e.g. ammonium acetate) affords theimidazole containing molecule Br-A-M-P-T.

The benzamidine 16 is coupled with an α-haloketone such asα-chloroketone 17 under basic conditions such as K₂CO₃ to afford theimidazole containing molecule Br-A-M-P-T 18. A-M-P-T 15 can be preparedanalogously.

Scheme 3 shows a general synthesis of an A-M-P-T molecule of theinvention wherein borate or boronic acid 1.1 can be synthesized frombromide 2.1.

Scheme 4 shows a general synthesis of an A-M-P—Z—R9 fragment of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P=pyrrolidine andZ=carbonyl. Coupling of amine 20 with acid 21 is accomplished using apeptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 22.

Scheme 5 shows a general synthesis of an L-P molecule of the inventionwherein, for illustrative purposes, L=benzimidazole. The acid 24 iscoupled with 23 using a peptide coupling reagent such as HATU to afford25. Heating in solvent (such as refluxing ethanol) affords L-P fragment26.

Alternatively, the L-P fragment 26 is obtained by reaction of diamine(such as 23) and carbonyl compound (such as aldehyde 27) in a solventunder heating conditions (e.g. ethanol under microwave irradiation).

Scheme 6 shows a general synthesis of P-M-A-A-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M=imidazole. For example,the diketone 27 is converted to 30 using bromine. Compound 27 can becommercially available or can be prepared from dibromide 27.1 throughcoupling with a vinyltin reagent such as tributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannanewith palladium. Coupling of 30 with acid 24 under basic conditions suchas diisopropylethylamine affords diester 31. Imidazole formation isaccomplished by treatment of 31 with ammonium acetate to provide theimidazole containing molecule P-M-A-A-M-P.

Alternatively, bromide 30 can be synthesized from 28. The methylcompound 28 can be converted to the corresponding diacid 29 usingpotassium permanganate as oxidant. Conversion of 29 to 30 can beaccomplished by a multi-step reaction, first treatment of 29 with oxalylchloride, then by trimethylsilyl diazomethane, then with hydrobromicacid to afford compound 30.

Scheme 7 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—P-M-A-A-M-P—V-E molecule ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P=pyrrolidine andZ=carbonyl. Coupling of amine 33 with acid 34 is accomplished using apeptide coupling reagent, such as HATU, to afford 35.

Scheme 8 shows a general synthesis of P-M-W-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, W=polycyclic. Conversionof 36 to 37 was accomplished using transition metal-mediated reactions.Diboronic ester or acid 37 is coupled with a suitable reaction partner,such as bromide 37.1 using Suzuki coupling conditions to afford 38.

Scheme 9 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—P-M-W-M-P—V-E molecule ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P=pyrrolidine andZ=carbonyl. Coupling of amine 38.1 with acid 34 is accomplished using apeptide coupling reagent, such as HATU, to afford 39.

Scheme 9a shows a general synthesis of a P-M-W-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M=imidazole, W=polycyclic.The compound 36 was coupled with a vinyltin reagent such astributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane with palladium, followed by brominationand hydrolysis with NBS and water, to give bromoketone 36.1. Thereaction between bromide 36.1 and a carboxylic acid (36.5) under basiccondition generated ester 36.2. Following the same reaction sequence,compound 36.2 was converted to diester 36.4. Conversion of 36.4 to 38.1was accomplished with ammonia reagents such as ammonium acetate atelevated temperature.

Scheme 10 shows a general synthesis of an M-P molecule of the inventionwherein, for illustrative purposes, PG is a protecting group. Imidazole40 can be halogenated, for example, under the action ofN-bromosuccinimide to provide bromoimidazole 40.1. Bromoimidazole 40.1can be protected using standard conditions to give 40.2, such as SEM-Cland sodium hydride when PG=SEM.

Scheme 11 shows a general synthesis of a P-M-A-A-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M=imidazole. Boronic ester42, which can be prepared from bromide 41, is coupled with a suitablyprotected appropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 42.1,optionally protected with PG) using a palladium catalyst, such asPd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 43. Palladium mediated cross-coupling reactionsthat enable the A-A bond formation, but employ alternative couplingpartners and reagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada andStille reactions. If optionally protected, removal of the protectinggroup (PG) (for example, catalytic hydrogenation of a benzyl ether)provides the deprotected compound 43. Coupling of 43 with suitablyprotected imidazole 40.2 (for example, PG=SEM ether) using a metalcatalyst (e.g. CuI) gives protected P-M-A-A-M-P (45). Deprotection (forexample deprotection of a SEM ether using an acid such as TFA) providesthe imidazole containing fragment P-M-A-A-M-P 45.

Scheme 12 shows a general synthesis of a P-M-W-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, X=halogen or triflate,M=imidazole, and W is 46, PG=protecting group. Haloimdiazole 40.3, suchas a bromoimidazole, is subjected to a metal-halogen exchange reaction,such as BuLi in THF, and then treated with a CO₂ source, such as solidCO₂, to give 40.4. Coupling of 40.4 and 46 using peptide couplingconditions, such as HATU, gives 47. PG deprotection, such as TFAdeprotection of a SEM group, gives the compound P-M-W-M-P 48.

Scheme 13 shows a general synthesis of a P-M-A-A-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, X=halogen, amine ortriflate, M=imidazole, PG₁ and PG₂=protecting groups. The protected acid49 (PG1 is a suitable protecting group, such as Cbz) is converted toα-halomethyl ketone 12.3, which is then transformed to PG₁-A-M-P 50using the analogous conditions for converting 12.1 and 12.2 to 15. Theimidazole is subjected to protection, with SEM for instance, to afford51, which is deprotected, with H₂ and Pd to remove a Cbz for example,followed by coupling with fragment X-A-M-P, using standard Pd couplingconditions for example, to afford 52. PG deprotection, such as TFAdeprotection of a SEM group, gives the compound P-M-A-A-M-P 53.

Scheme 14 shows a general synthesis of an A-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is an amide bond, or animidazole. Coupling of amine 54 with acid 9 is accomplished using apeptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford amide containing 55. Theacid 56 is coupled with an α-haloketone, such as α-bromoketone 12.1,under basic conditions (e.g. Et₃N) to afford 57.1. Alternatively, theacid 56 is coupled with an α-aminoketone 12.2, under amide formationconditions (e.g. EDC, Et₃N) to afford 57.2. Reaction of 57.1 and 57.2with an amine or amine salt (e.g. ammonium acetate) affords theimidazole containing molecule A-M-P.

The benzamidine 18 is coupled with an α-haloketone such asα-chloroketone 59 under basic conditions such as K₂CO₃ to afford theimidazole containing molecule A-M-P 60. A-M-P 58 can be preparedanalogously.

Scheme 15 shows a general synthesis of a P-M-A-A-M-P molecule of theinvention. Boronic acid or its ester 63, can be prepared from bromide 62using a palladium catalyst (e.g. Pd(PPh₃)₄) and a boron reagent(bis(pinacolato)diboron, for example), is coupled with an excess ofappropriate coupling partner (e.g. a di-halo-aromatic ordi-halo-heteroaromatic moiety 64) using a palladium catalyst, such asPd(PPh₃)₄, to afford bromide 65, which then is converted to boronic acidor ester 65.1. Palladium mediated cross-coupling reactions that enablethe A-A bond formation, but employ alternative coupling partners andreagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada and Stille reactions.Suzuki coupling of 65.1 with halo-imidazole such as bromo-imidazoleusing a palladium catalyst (such as Pd(PPh₃)₄) gives P-M-A-A-M-Pfragment 67.

Alternatively, Suzuki coupling of 63 with halo-A-M-P fragment using apalladium catalyst (such as Pd(PPh₃)₄) gives P-M-A-A-M-P fragment 67.

Scheme 16 shows a general synthesis of an R9-P-L-A-M-P—R9 molecule and aR9-P-L-L-P—R9 molecule of the invention wherein a transitionmetal-mediated cross-coupling reaction is utilized to construct the A-Abond. For illustrative purposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed tocouple (RO)₂B-L-P—R9 and Br-A-M-P—R9. Boronic ester 68 is coupled withan appropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 69) using a palladiumcatalyst (such as Pd(PPh₃)₄) to afford 70. Similarly, R9-P-L-L-P—R9 72is prepared by coupling compounds 68 and 71.

Scheme 17 shows a general synthesis of a P-T molecule of the inventionwherein, for illustrative purposes, P=either an acyclic or cyclic aminoester (such as ethyl ester), optionally protected with PG if necessary,Z=carbonyl, X=carbon or heteroatom, and m and n=0-5, independently.Coupling of amine 73 with acid 34 is accomplished using a peptidecoupling reagent, such as HATU, to afford 75, which after removal ofethyl group provides the P-T compound.

Scheme 18 shows a general synthesis of a P molecule of the inventionwherein X=carbon or heteroatom and m and n=0-5, independently. Forillustrative purposes, P is substituted with an ethoxylcarbonyl group.Commercially available amino ester such an ethyl ester is converted tosubstituted or cyclized amino ester 73.1, through for example, reductiveamination or Mitsunobu reaction. Compound 73.1 can be protected toprovide compound 73 if necessary.

Scheme 19 shows a general synthesis of an E-V molecule of the inventionwherein, for illustrative purposes, V is isobutyl and E ismethoxycarbonylamino. Amino acid 77 can be converted to thecorresponding carbamate 78, such as a methyl carbamate by reaction withmethyl chloroformate under basic conditions (sodium bicarbonate).

Scheme 20 shows the synthesis of a E-V—Z—P-M-A molecule of the inventionwherein, for illustrative purposes, M is imidazole, P is pyrrolidine,and Z is carbonyl. An amino acid derivative can be reacted with anN-protected proline derivative via reaction conditions employing acoupling reagent, such as HATU, deprotection of the resulting couplingproduct, for example in the case of tert-butoxy carbonyl, the treatmentwith a proton source such as HCl yielded compound 80. The conversion of80 to E-V—Z—P-M-A (82) can be obtained under reaction conditions ofnucleophilic aromatic substitution, for example the displacement ofmethyl sulfonate under basic conditions and elevated temperatures.

Alternatively, for illustrative purposes, the amino acid derivative 80can be converted to a guanidinium containing compound 81, via a reactionwith a guanidylation reagent. The E-V—Z—P-M-A compound 82 can beobtained via reaction with a 1,2 di-electrophile such as anα-halogenated carbonyl group under basic conditions.

Scheme 21 shows a general synthesis of a P-M-W-M-P molecule of theinvention wherein. Boronic ester 84 is coupled with an appropriatecoupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 83) using a palladium catalyst, suchas Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 85. Carboxylate 85 is reduced with reagents suchas DIBAL-H to afford diol 86. The treatment of diol 86 with acids suchas H₃PO₄ at elevated temperature generates P-M-W-M-P compound 89.Alternatively, diol 86 can be oxidized with reagents such aspyridine-sulfur trioxide to form dialdehyde 87, which react with aminesin the presence of reducing reagents such as NaBH(OAc)₃ to provideP-M-W-M-P compound 88.

Scheme 21a shows a general synthesis of a P-M-W-M-P molecule of theinvention. For illustrative purposes, FG₁ and FG₂ can be converted toesters attached to an A group. Carboxylate 85.2 is reduced withreagents, such as DIBAL-H, to afford diol 86.1. The treatment of diol86.1 with acids, such as H₃PO₄, at elevated temperature generatesP-M-W-M-P compound 89.3. Alternatively, diol 86.1 can be oxidized withreagents such as pyridine-sulfur trioxide to form dialdehyde 87.1, whichreacts with amines in the presence of reducing reagents such asNaBH(OAc)₃ to provide P-M-W-M-P compound 89.4. The carboxylate 85.2 isselectively reduced to provide hydroxyl ester 86.2, which can becyclized to form P-M-W-M-P compound 89.1. Compound 86.1 is converted toamine ester 86.3, for example through azide formation and reduction withhydrogenation. Compound 86.3 can be cyclized to form P-M-W-M-P compound89.2.

Scheme 22 shows the general synthesis of a R9-Z—P-M-A molecule, forillustrative purposes starting with tert-butoxy carbonyl derivative 90(J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 1221). Compound 90 can be acylated withsubstituent T wherein Z is carbonyl, via reaction conditions employing acoupling reagent such as HATU. Removal of the protecting group, forexample in the case of tert-butoxycarbonyl by the treatment with aproton source such as HCl, yields compound 91. A compound like 91 can beobtained under reaction conditions of nucleophilic aromaticsubstitution, for example the displacement of methyl sulfonate underbasic conditions and elevated temperatures to provide the R9-Z—P-M-Acompound 92. Alternatively, 91 can be converted into a guanidiniumderivative. When suitably substituted, cyclization provides theR9-Z—P-M-A compound 92.

Scheme 23 shows a general synthesis of a T-P-M-A-A-M-P-T molecule of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M=imidazole and A=alkyne.Bromoimidazole 93 is alkynylated by lithiation and trapping with aformate equivalent (e.g. DMF). The aldehyde 94 is converted to alkyne 95using a phosphorus-based reagent (e.g. Ohira-Bestmann reagent). Compound95 is coupled with a Br-A-M-P-T under Sonagashira conditions to affordthe alkyne-containing compound 96.

Scheme 24 shows a general synthesis of an R9 molecule of the invention.Reaction of hydrazine carboxylate 97 with a ketone or aldehyde, such asacetone, under acidic conditions (e.g. AcOH) affords the imine 98.Reaction of 98 under reducing conditions, such as PtO₂ and hydrogen gas,affords the substituted hydrazinecarboxylate 99.

Scheme 25 shows a general synthesis of the E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-Emolecule of the invention, wherein a transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction is utilized to construct the A-A bond and/or A-Mbond. For illustrative purposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed tocouple Br-M-P—Z—V-E and (RO)₂B-A-A-M-P—Z—V-E or (RO)₂B-A-M-P—Z—V-E andBr-A-M-P—Z—V-E. Boronic ester 25a (or 25d) is coupled with anappropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 25b or 25e) using apalladium catalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 25c. Formation ofmultiple A-M bonds can be conducted in a similar manner. For example,the Suzuki reaction can also be employed to couple (RO)₂B-A-A-B(OR)₂(251) and two equivalents of Br-M-P—Z—V-E. For each transitionmetal-mediated cross-coupling reaction the roles of the nucleophile andelectrophile can be reversed to provide the same coupling product.Palladium mediated cross-coupling reactions that enable the A-A and/orA-M bond formation, but employ alternative coupling partners andreagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada, Sonagashira andStille reactions.

Scheme 26 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-Emolecule of the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is anamide, or an imidazole. Coupling of acid 26a with amine 26b isaccomplished using a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford theamide product 26c.

The formation of an imidazole is accomplished by coupling the acid 26dwith an α-haloketone, such as α-bromoketone 26e, under basic conditions(e.g. Et₃N) to afford 26f. Alternatively, the acid 26d is coupled withan α-aminoketone 26h, under amide formation conditions (e.g. EDC, Et₃N)to afford 26i. Reaction of 26f or 26i with an amine or amine salt (e.g.ammonium acetate) affords the imidazole containing molecule 26g. Theformation of multiple imidazoles is performed in the same manner,starting with a bis-α-haloketone such as α-bromoketone 26j, to providemolecule 26l.

Scheme 27 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-Emolecule of the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P ispyrrolidine and Z is a carbonyl. Coupling of amine 27a with acid 27b isaccomplished using a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 27c.Alternatively, amine 27d is coupled with two equivalents of 27b undersimilar conditions to provide 27e.

Scheme 28 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-M-A-A-M-P—Z—V-Emolecule of the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino. The treatment of either 28a or 28d with one or twoequivalents respectively of 28b under basic conditions (e.g. sodiumbicarbonate) provides the molecule 28c or 28e.

Scheme 29 shows a general synthesis of the E-V—Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-Emolecule of the invention, wherein transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction is utilized to construct the W-M bond. Forillustrative purposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed to coupleBr-M-P—Z—V-E to a (RO)₂B—W-M-P—Z—V-E or (RO)₂B—W—B(OR)₂ molecule.Boronic ester 29a (or 29d) is coupled with an appropriate couplingpartner (e.g. arylbromide 29b) using a palladium catalyst, such asPd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 29c. For each transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction the roles of the nucleophile and electrophilecan be reversed to provide the same coupling product. Palladium mediatedcross-coupling reactions that enable the M-W bond formation, but employalternative coupling partners and reagents, include for example theNegishi, Kumada, Sonagashira and Stille reactions.

Scheme 30 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E moleculeof the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P is pyrrolidineand Z is a carbonyl. Coupling of amine 30a with acid 30b is accomplishedusing a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 30c.Alternatively, amine 30d is coupled with two equivalents of 30b undersimilar conditions to provide 30e.

Scheme 31 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-M-W-M-P—Z—V-E moleculeof the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino. The treatment of either 31a or 31d with one or twoequivalents respectively of 31b under basic conditions (e.g. sodiumbicarbonate) provides the molecule 31c or 31e.

Scheme 32 shows a general synthesis of the E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-Emolecule of the invention, wherein transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction is utilized to construct the M-A or A-L bond.For illustrative purposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed to couple aboronic ester to an arylbromide. Boronic ester 32a (or 32d) is coupledwith an appropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 32b or 32e) usinga palladium catalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 32c. For eachtransition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction the roles of thenucleophile and electrophile can be reversed to provide the samecoupling product. Palladium mediated cross-coupling reactions thatenable either the M-A or A-L bond formation, but employ alternativecoupling partners and reagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada,Sonagashira and Stille reactions.

Scheme 33 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E moleculeof the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P is pyrrolidineand Z is a carbonyl. Coupling of amine 33a or 33d with acid 33b isaccomplished using a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 33cor 33e, respectively. Alternatively, amine 33f is coupled with twoequivalents of 33b under similar conditions to provide 33g.

Scheme 34 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-M-A-L-P—Z—V-E moleculeof the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino. The treatment of either 34a or 34d with 34b underbasic conditions (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) provides the molecule 34c or34e. Correspondingly, the treatment of 34f with two equivalents of 34bprovides 34 g under similar conditions.

Scheme 35 shows a general synthesis of the E-V—Z—P-L-L-P—Z—V-E moleculeof the invention, wherein transition metal-mediated cross-couplingreaction is utilized to construct the L-L bond. For illustrativepurposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed to couple a boronic ester toan arylbromide. Boronic ester 35a is coupled with an appropriatecoupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 35b) using a palladium catalyst, suchas Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 35c. For each transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction the roles of the nucleophile and electrophilecan be reversed to provide the same coupling product. Palladium mediatedcross-coupling reactions that enable either the L-L bond formation, butemploy alternative coupling partners and reagents, include for examplethe Negishi, Kumada, Sonagashira and Stille reactions.

Scheme 36 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-L-L-P—Z—V-E moleculeof the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P is pyrrolidineand Z is a carbonyl. Coupling of amine 36a with acid 36b is accomplishedusing a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 36c.Alternatively, amine 36d is coupled with two equivalents of 36b undersimilar conditions to provide 36e.

Scheme 37 shows a general synthesis of an E-V—Z—P-L-L-P—Z—V-E moleculeof the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino. The treatment of either 37a or 37d with 37b underbasic conditions (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) provides the molecule 37c or37e.

Scheme 38 shows a general synthesis of an R-A-M-P—R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is an amide or animidazole, R is a generic group that is depicted as Br, and R¹ is ageneric group that is depicted as —Z—V-E. Coupling of amine 38b withacid 38a is accomplished using a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) toafford amide containing 38c. The acid 38e is coupled with anα-haloketone, such as α-bromoketone 38d, under basic conditions (e.g.Et₃N) to afford 38f. Alternatively, the acid 38e is coupled with anα-aminoketone 38 h, under amide formation conditions (e.g. EDC, Et₃N) toafford 38i. Reaction of 38f or 38i with an amine or amine salt (e.g.ammonium acetate) affords the imidazole containing intermediateBr-A-M-P—Z—V-E (38g).

The benzamidine 38j is coupled with an α-haloketone such asα-chloroketone 38k under basic conditions such as K₂CO₃ to afford 38g.The Br-A-M-P—Z—V-E intermediate can be prepared analogously from thecoupling of 38d and 38l.

Scheme 39 shows a general synthesis of an R—W-M-P—R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is an amide or animidazole, R is a generic group that is depicted as Br, and R¹ is ageneric group that is depicted as —Z—V-E. The acid 39b is coupled withan α-haloketone, such as α-bromoketone 39a, under basic conditions (e.g.Et₃N) to afford 39c. Alternatively, the acid 39b is coupled with anα-aminoketone 39e, under amide formation conditions (e.g. EDC, Et₃N) toafford 39f. Reaction of 39c or 39f with an amine or amine salt (e.g.ammonium acetate) affords the imidazole containing intermediateBr-A-M-P—Z—V-E (39d).

The benzamidine 39g is coupled with an α-haloketone such asα-chloroketone 39h under basic conditions such as K₂CO₃ to afford 39d.The Br-A-M-P—Z—V-E intermediate can be prepared analogously from thecoupling of 39i and 39j.

Scheme 40 shows a general synthesis of an R-A-R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, R is a generic group thatis depicted as a boronic ester and R¹ is a generic group that isdepicted as -M-P—Z—V-E, -M-P-PG, -L-P—Z—V-E, -L-P-PG, or a protectinggroup. A transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction is utilizedto install the boronic ester on an A group. Treatment of thecorresponding arylbromide with a palladium catalyst, such asPdCl₂(dppf), and a boron source such as bis(pinacolato)diborane providesthe boronic ester 40b, 40d, 40f, 40h, or 40j.

Scheme 41 shows a general synthesis of an R—W—R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, R is a generic group thatis depicted as a boronic ester and R¹ is a generic group that isdepicted as -M-P—Z—V-E, -M-P-PG, or a protecting group. A transitionmetal-mediated cross-coupling reaction is utilized to install theboronic ester on a W group. Treatment of the corresponding arylbromidewith a palladium catalyst, such as PdCl₂(dppf), and a boron source suchas bis(pinacolato)diborane provides the boronic ester 41b, 41d, or 41f.

Scheme 42 shows a general synthesis of an R-M-R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, R is a generic group thatis depicted as a boronic ester and R¹ is a generic group that isdepicted as —P—Z—V-E or —P-PG. A transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction is utilized to install the boronic ester on an Mgroup. Treatment of the corresponding arylbromide with a palladiumcatalyst, such as PdCl₂(dppf), and a boron source such asbis(pinacolato)diborane provides the boronic ester 42b or 42d.

Scheme 43 shows a general synthesis of an R-L-R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, R is a generic group thatis depicted as a boronic ester and R¹ is a generic group that isdepicted as —P—Z—V-E or —P-PG. A transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction is utilized to install the boronic ester on an Lgroup. Treatment of the corresponding arylbromide with a palladiumcatalyst, such as PdCl₂(dppf), and a boron source such asbis(pinacolato)diborane provides the boronic ester 43b or 43d.

Scheme 44 shows a general synthesis of an R-A-M-P—Z—V-E intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P is pyrrolidine, Z iscarbonyl, and R is a generic group that is depicted as either -A-PG,-A-M-P-PG, -L-P-PG, or a protecting group. Coupling of amine 44a, 44d,44f, or 44h with acid 44b is accomplished using a peptide couplingreagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 44c, 44e, 44g, or 44i, respectively.

Scheme 45 shows a general synthesis of an R—W-M-P—Z—V-E intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P is pyrrolidine, Z iscarbonyl, and R is a generic group that is depicted as either -M-P-PG ora protecting group. Coupling of amine 45a or 45d with acid 45b isaccomplished using a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 45cor 45e, respectively.

Scheme 46 shows a general synthesis of an R-A-L-P—Z—V-E intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P is pyrrolidine, Z iscarbonyl, and R is a generic group that is depicted as either -M-P-PG ora protecting group. Coupling of amine 46a or 46d with acid 46b isaccomplished using a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 46cor 46e, respectively.

Scheme 47 shows a general synthesis of an R-L-P—Z—V-E or R-M-P—Z—V-Eintermediate of the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P ispyrrolidine, Z is carbonyl, and R is a generic group that is depicted asBr. Coupling of amine 47a or 47d with acid 47b is accomplished using apeptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 47c or 47e, respectively.

Scheme 48 shows a general synthesis of an R-A-M-P—Z—V-E intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino and R is a generic group that is depicted as aeither -A-PG, -A-M-P-PG, -L-P-PG, or a protecting group. Treatment of48a, 48d, 48f, or 48h with 48b under basic conditions (e.g. sodiumbicarbonate) provides the intermediate 48c, 48e, 48g, or 48i,respectively.

Scheme 49 shows a general synthesis of an R—W-M-P—Z—V-E intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino and R is a generic group that is depicted as either-M-P-PG or a protecting group. Treatment of 49a or 49d with 49b underbasic conditions (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) provides the intermediate 49cor 49e, respectively.

Scheme 50 shows a general synthesis of an R-A-L-P—Z—V-E intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino and R is a generic group that is depicted as aeither -M-P-PG or a protecting group. Treatment of 50a or 50d with 50bunder basic conditions (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) provides theintermediate 50c or 50e, respectively.

Scheme 51 shows a general synthesis of an R-L-P—Z—V-E or R-M-P—Z—V-Eintermediate of the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E ismethoxycarbonylamino and R is a generic group that is depicted as a Br.Treatment of 51a or 51d with 51b under basic conditions (e.g. sodiumbicarbonate) provides the intermediate 51c or 51e, respectively.

Scheme 51a shows a general synthesis of an R—P—Z—V-E intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, P is pyrrolidine, Z iscarbonyl, and R is a generic group that is depicted as amethoxycarbonyl. Coupling of amine 51a with acid 51b is accomplishedusing a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) to afford 51c.

Scheme 52 shows a general synthesis of an R—Z—V-E intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, E is methoxycarbonylaminoand R is a generic group that is depicted as a hydroxyl. Treatment of52a under basic conditions (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) with 52b providesthe intermediate 52c.

Scheme 53 shows a general synthesis of an R-L-P—R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, L is benzimidazole, R is ageneric group that is depicted as a bromide, and R¹ is a protectinggroup. The acid 53b is coupled with 53a using a peptide coupling reagentsuch as HATU to afford 53c. Heating in solvent (such as refluxingethanol) affords the R-L-P—R¹ intermediate 53d.

Alternatively, the R-L-P—R¹ intermediate 53d is obtained by reaction ofa diamine (such as 53a) and carbonyl compound (such as aldehyde 53e) ina solvent under heating conditions (e.g. ethanol under microwaveirradiation).

Scheme 54 shows a general synthesis of an R-M-P—R¹ intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is imidazole, R is ageneric group that is depicted as a bromide, aldehyde, or alkyne and R¹is a protecting group. Imidazole 54a can be halogenated, for example,under the action of N-bromosuccinimide to provide bromoimidazole 54b.Bromoimidazole 54b can be protected using standard conditions to give54c, such as SEM-Cl and sodium hydride when PG=SEM. The bromoimidazole54b can be further elaborated, for example, to the correspondingaldehyde or alkyne. Lithiation of 54c and condensation with a formateequivalent (e.g. DMF) provides the aldehyde 54d. The aldehyde 54d isconverted to alkyne 54e using a phosphorus-based reagent (e.g.Ohira-Bestmann reagent).

Scheme 55 shows a general synthesis of an R—P-M-A-A-M-P—R intermediateof the invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is imidazole andR is a generic group that is depicted as a protecting group. Forexample, the diketone 55b is converted to 55e using bromine. Compound55b can be commercially available or can be prepared from thecorresponding dibromide 55a through coupling with a vinyltin reagentsuch as tributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane in the presence of a palladiumcatalyst. Coupling of 55e with acid 55f under basic conditions such asdiisopropylethylamine affords diester 55g. Imidazole formation isaccomplished by treatment of 55g with ammonium acetate to provide theimidazole containing intermediate R—P-M-A-A-M-P—R (55h).

Alternatively, bromide 55e can be synthesized from 55c. The dimethylcompound 55c can be converted to the corresponding diacid 55d usingpotassium permanganate as oxidant. Conversion of 55d to 55e can beaccomplished by a multi-step homologation. For example, the treatment of55d with oxalyl chloride, followed by trimethylsilyl diazomethane andthen hydrobromic acid can afford compound 55e.

Scheme 56 shows a general synthesis of an R—P-M-W-M-P—R intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is imidazole and Ris a generic group that is depicted as a protecting group. The compound56a is coupled with vinyltin reagent such astributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane in the presence of a palladium catalyst,followed by bromination and hydrolysis with NBS and water, to give thebromoketone 56b. The reaction between bromide 56b and a carboxylic acidunder basic condition generates the ester 56d. Following the samereaction sequence, compound 56d can be elaborated to the diester 56f.Conversion of 56f to 56g is accomplished with ammonia reagents such asammonium acetate at elevated temperature.

Scheme 57 shows a general synthesis of an R-A-A-M-P—R¹ intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, M is an amide or animidazole, R is a generic group that is depicted as Br, and R¹ is ageneric group that is depicted as —Z—V-E. Coupling of amine 57b withacid 57a is accomplished using a peptide coupling reagent (e.g. HATU) toafford amide containing 57c.

The acid 57e is coupled with an α-haloketone, such as α-bromoketone 57d,under basic conditions (e.g. Et₃N) to afford 57f. Alternatively, theacid 57e is coupled with an α-aminoketone 57h, under amide formationconditions (e.g. EDC, Et₃N) to afford 57i. Reaction of 57f or 57i withan amine or amine salt (e.g. ammonium acetate) affords the imidazolecontaining intermediate Br-A-M-P—Z—V-E (57g). Coupling of 57j and 57kand, in the alternative, coupling of 57d and 57l under appropriateconditions can also be used in preparation of intermediateBr-A-M-P—Z—V-E (57g).

Scheme 58 shows a general synthesis of the R-A-A-M-P—R¹ molecule of theinvention, wherein a transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactionis utilized to construct the A-A bond or A-M bond. For illustrativepurposes, the Suzuki reaction is employed to couple two correspondingintermediates, R is a generic group that is depicted as -M-P—Z—V-E,-M-P-PG, or a protecting group, and R¹ is a generic group that isdepicted as a protecting group. Boronic ester 58a, 58d, 58f or 58i iscoupled with an appropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 58b or58j) using a palladium catalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 58c, 58e,or 58g. Formation of multiple A-M bonds can be conducted in a similarmanner. For example, the Suzuki reaction can also be employed to couple(RO)₂B-A-A-B(OR)₂ (58h) and two equivalents of Br-M-P-PG. For eachtransition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction the roles of thenucleophile and electrophile can be reversed to provide the samecoupling product. Palladium mediated cross-coupling reactions thatenable the A-A and/or A-M bond formation, but employ alternativecoupling partners and reagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada,Sonagashira and Stille reactions.

Scheme 59 shows a general synthesis of the R—W-M-P—R¹ molecule of theinvention, wherein a transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactionis utilized to construct the W-M bond. For illustrative purposes, theSuzuki reaction is employed to couple two corresponding intermediates, Ris a generic group that is depicted as -M-P—Z—V-E, -M-P-PG, or aprotecting group, and R¹ is a generic group that is depicted as aprotecting group. Boronic ester 59a, 59d, or 59f is coupled with anappropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 59b) using a palladiumcatalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 59c, 59e, or 59g. Formation ofmultiple W-M bonds can be conducted in a similar manner. For example,the Suzuki reaction can also be employed to couple (RO)₂B—W—B(OR)₂ (59h)and two equivalents of Br-M-P-PG. For each transition metal-mediatedcross-coupling reaction the roles of the nucleophile and electrophilecan be reversed to provide the same coupling product. Palladium mediatedcross-coupling reactions that enable the W-M bond formation, but employalternative coupling partners and reagents, include for example theNegishi, Kumada, Sonagashira and Stille reactions.

Scheme 60 shows a general synthesis of the R-A-L-P—R¹ molecule of theinvention, wherein a transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactionis utilized to construct the A-L bond. For illustrative purposes, theSuzuki reaction is employed to couple two corresponding intermediates, Ris a generic group that is depicted as -M-P—Z—V-E, -M-P-PG, or aprotecting group, and R¹ is a generic group that is depicted as aprotecting group. Boronic ester 60a, 60d, or 60f is coupled with anappropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 60b) using a palladiumcatalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 60c, 60e, or 60g. For eachtransition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction the roles of thenucleophile and electrophile can be reversed to provide the samecoupling product. Palladium mediated cross-coupling reactions thatenable the A-L bond formation, but employ alternative coupling partnersand reagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada, Sonagashira andStille reactions.

Scheme 61 shows a general synthesis of the R-A-M-P—R¹ molecule of theinvention, wherein a transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactionis utilized to construct the A-M bond. For illustrative purposes, theSuzuki reaction is employed to couple two corresponding intermediates, Ris a generic group that is depicted as -L-P—Z—V-E, -L-P-PG, or aprotecting group, and R¹ is a generic group that is depicted as aprotecting group. Boronic ester 61a, 61d, or 61f is coupled with anappropriate coupling partner (e.g. arylbromide 61b) using a palladiumcatalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄, to afford 61c, 61e, or 61g. For eachtransition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction the roles of thenucleophile and electrophile can be reversed to provide the samecoupling product. Palladium mediated cross-coupling reactions thatenable the A-M bond formation, but employ alternative coupling partnersand reagents, include for example the Negishi, Kumada, Sonagashira andStille reactions.

Scheme 62 shows a general synthesis of a R—P—H molecule of the inventionwherein, for illustrative purposes, R is a generic group that isdepicted as ethoxycarbonyl and P is a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring(e.g. X is carbon or heteroatom) and m, n, and o are 0-3, independently.The amino ester 62a is converted to the substituted or cyclized aminoester 62b through for example a reductive amination or Mitsunobureaction. Compound 62b can be protected to provide compound 62c ifnecessary.

Scheme 63 shows a general synthesis of a R—P-M-W-M-P—R intermediate ofthe invention wherein, for illustrative purposes, R is a generic groupthat is depicted as a protecting group and A is functionalized with agroup depicted as either hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carbonylalkyl, oralkoxycarbonylalkyl. The cyclization of 63a, 63c, and 63d can beperformed through several functional group transformations whichinclude, but are not limited to, Mitsunobu reaction, reductiveamination, and lactamization.

Scheme 64 shows a general synthesis of a H—V-E intermediate of theinvention wherein, for illustrative purposes E is methoxycarbonylaminoand V is isopropylamino. The reaction of hydrazine carboxylate 64a witha ketone or aldehyde, such as acetone, under acidic conditions (e.g.AcOH) affords the imine 64b. Reaction of 64b under reducing conditions,such as PtO₂ and hydrogen gas, affords the substitutedhydrazinecarboxylate 64c.

The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limitingExamples.

EXAMPLES Example AA

(S)-2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 1,4-Dioxane (300 mL) was added to a mixture of(S)-2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (21.1 g, 53.7 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (27.3g, 107.5 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (3.10 g, 2.68mmol), and potassium acetate (15.02 g, 153.0 mmol), and heated at 80° C.for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled and the resulting solid wasfiltered. The majority of the 1,4-dioxane was removed from the filtrateunder reduced pressure and resulting residue was taken up in ethylacetate (300 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate (2×150 mL), brine (100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate.After filtration the solvent was removed from the filtrate under reducedpressure. The resulting oil was subjected to silica gel chromatographyusing a 330g ISCO column and effluent of 20-100% ethyl acetate andhexanes. The fractions containing product were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure to provide(S)-2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (18g, 76%) and light yellow solid.

Example AB

(S)-2-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazolehydrochloride: A solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (4 N, 75mL) was added to a solution of(S)-2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (7.0 g, 15.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL). Gasevolution was observed. After 30 minutes, a solid formed. After 1.5hours, the resulting solid was isolated by filtration with diethyl etherwashing. Any residual solvent was removed under reduced pressure toprovide(S)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazolehydrochloride (5.6 g, 95%) as an off-white solid.

Example AC

(S,S)-[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

Diisopropylethylamine (7.63 mL, 43.8 mmol) was added to a suspension of(S)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazolehydrochloride (7.33 g, 19.5 mmol),O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (7.6 g, 19.9 mmol) and(S)2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (3.59 g, 20.5 mmol) indimethylformamide (75 mL). All solids dissolved. After 30 min thereaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and was washedwith ½ saturated sodium chloride (1×300 mL), half saturated sodiumbicarbonate (2×150 mL) and brine (1×100 mL). The organic phase was driedwith sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The resulting tan foam was subjected to silica gelchromatography with eluate of 20-100% ethyl acetate and hexanes, toprovide(S,S)-[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (6.6 g, 68%) as a white foam: 1H (DMSO-d6): δ=11.81(br s, 1H), 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.51 (br s, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 5.05 (m, 1H), 4.04 (m, 2H), 3.78 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 2.11(m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.28 (s, 12H), 0.85 (dd, J₁=6.6 Hz, J₂=11.4 Hz,6H).

Example AD

3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: N,N-diisopropylethylamine (5.3 mL, 30.6 mmol) wasadded dropwise to a mixture of pyrrolidine-1,3-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester (2.2 g, 10.1 mmol), HATU (4.0 g, 10.5 mmol), the HClsalt of 2-amino-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanone (2.4 g, 9.6 mmol), and DMF (40mL), and stirred at ambient condition for 1 hour. Most of the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo, and the resulting residue was dissolvedin ethyl acetate (150 mL), washed with water and brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue waspurified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product as awhite foam-like solid (3.5 g, 90%). m/z 432.9, 434.9 (M+Na)⁺.

3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: A mixture of3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.5 g, 3.6 mmol) and ammonium acetate (1.4 g,18.2 mmol) in xylene (15 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 140° C. for2 hours. The volatile component was removed in vacuo, and the residuewas dissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution,water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide thedesired product as a white solid (795 mg, 56%). m/z 391.8, 393.8 (M+H)⁺.

2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Pd(Ph₃)₄ (54 mg, 0.046 mmol) was added to amixture 3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (378 mg, 0.97 mmol),2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (408 mg, 0.93 mmol), NaHCO₃ (273 mg, 3.26 mmol) in1,2-dimethoxyethane (8 mL) and water (2 mL). The reaction mixture wasflushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 6 hours, and then thevolatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct as a white solid (370 mg, 64%). m/z 625.1 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.232 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added4.0 M solution of HCl in dioxane (1 mL, excess). The mixture was stirredfor 3 hours at 50° C. and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was treated with ether to remove excess HCl. The obtained whitesolid was dissolved in DMF (5 mL). To the solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (123 mg, 0.71 mmol), HATU(285 mg, 0.75 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.14 mL, 0.77 mmol).The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product as awhite solid (100 mg, 42%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.00-7.80 (m, 10H),5.26 (t, 1H), 4.40-3.42 (m, 15H), 2.65-2.00 (m, 8H), 1.50-0.93 (m, 12H);m/z 739.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example AE

3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester wasused instead of pyrrolidine-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester.

3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester, except that3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.0 g, 2.4 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added4.0 M solution of HCl in dioxane (4.0 mL, excess). The mixture wasstirred for 3 hours at 50° C. and concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was treated with ether to remove excess HCl. The obtainedwhite solid was dissoved in DMF (20 mL). To the solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.46 g, 2.6 mmol), HATU(1.0 g, 2.6 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.5 mL, 14.4 mmol). Themixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (200 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue waspurified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product as awhite solid (1.0 g, 89%). m/z 475.1, 477.1 (M+H)⁺.

[2-Methyl-1-(3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Pd(PPh₃)₄ (73 mg, 0.06 mmol) was added to a sealedtube containing a mixture of(1-{3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (600 mg, 1.27 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (675 mg,2.66 mmol), potassium acetate (324 mg, 3.3 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (15mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C.for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. Theresidue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃solution, water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography toprovide the desired product as a white solid (440 mg, 66%). m/z 523.2(M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that[2-methyl-1-(3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester and(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester were used instead of2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.90-7.70 (m, 10H),7.20-7.10 (m, 1H), 5.24 (t, 1H), 4.63 (s, 1H), 4.40-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.68(s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.60-1.60 (m, 13H), 1.05-0.90 (m, 12H); m/z 765.2(M+H)⁺.

(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that[2-methyl-1-(3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester and(1-{3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester were used instead of2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.90-7.20 (m, 10H),4.83-4.25 (m, 5H), 3.90-3.40 (m, 6H), 2.90-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.10 (m,3H), 2.10-1.40 (m, 11H), 1.10-0.90 (m, 12H); m/z 791.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example AF

2-Bromo-1-{4-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone: Bromine(2.02 mL, 39.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (25 mL) was added slowly to astirred solution of 4-acetylphenyl ether (5.0 g, 19.7 mmol) indichloromethane (65 mL) at 30° C. The mixture was stirred at ambient for16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. Theresidue was recrystallized from ethanol (40 mL) to get a yellow crystallike product (2.3 g, 29%).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(4-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester:To a stirred mixture of2-bromo-1-{4-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone (2.0 g, 4.9mmol) and pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (2.2 g,10.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was added DIPEA (1.76 mL, 10.1 mmol).The slurry was stirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The mixturewas diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), washed with water and brine,dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct as a white solid (2.2 g, 65%). m/z 703.1 (M+Na)⁺.

2-[5-(4-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(4-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester(250 mg, 0.37 mmol) and ammonium acetate (570 mg, 7.3 mmol) in xylene (8mL) was heated in microwave machine at 140° C. for 80 minutes. Thevolatile component was removed in vacuo, and the residue was dissolvedin ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine,dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct as a white solid (62 mg, 26%). m/z 641.1 (M+H)⁺.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenoxy)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-[5-(4-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.80-7.60 (m, 4H),7.30-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.10-0.95 (m, 4H), 5.16 (t, 1H), 4.30-3.50 (m, 12H),2.40-1.90 (m, 10H), 1.10-0.90 (m, 12H); m/z 755.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example AG

3,4′-Oxybis(benzoic acid): A mixture of 3,4′-dimethylbiphenyl ether (1.7g, 8.6 mmol) and potassium permanganate (6.0 g, 38 mmol) in water (200mL) was refluxed for 6 hours. The hot solution was filtered, cooled, andextracted with chloroform. The aqueous layer was acidified by 2 N HCl.The precipitate was filtered off and washed with water to give a whitesolid (0.55 g, 25%). m/z 257.1 (M−H)⁻.

2-Bromo-1-{4-[3-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone: A mixture of3,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) (0.55 g, 2.1 mmol)) and oxalyl chloride (10.6mL, 21.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) containing DMF (4 drops) wasstirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, then concentrated andco-evaporated with toluene (3×) and dried under high vacuum. Theresulting residue was suspended in dichloromethane (15 mL) at 0° C. andtreated with 2.0 M trimethylsilyldiazomethane in ether (3.2 mL, 6.4mmol) over 15 minutes to give a brown mixture. Reaction mixture waswarmed to ambient temperature overnight and then concentrated. Theresulting brown solid was suspended in ethyl acetate (15 mL) and cooledto 0° C. HBr in acetic acid (1.2 mL, 33% W, 6.4 mmol) was added over 5minutes and reaction mixture was warmed to ambient temperature over 1hour. Solid sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g) was added and stirred for 30minutes. Water was added giving a biphasic mixture with a brownprecipitate. The solid was removed by filtration and filtrate wasextracted with dichloromethane, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography to give a brownsolid (0.47 g).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(4-{3-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester:Following the procedure used to prepare compound(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-bromo-1-{4-[3-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone was usedinstead of 2-bromo-1-{4-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone.m/z 703.1 (M+Na)⁺.

2-[5-(4-{3-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound2-[5-(4-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(4-{3-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]esterwas used instead of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(4-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester.m/z 641.0 (M+H)⁺.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(3-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenoxy)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-[5-(4-{3-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3,1-imidazol-4-yl]-phenoxy}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.80-7.10 (m, 10H),5.30-5.15 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.80 (m,2H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 6H), 2.65-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.00 (m, 8H), 1.05-0.85(m, 12H); m/z 755.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example AH

(1-{2-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that[2-methyl-1-(3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester and{1-[2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester were used instead of2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.10-7.80 (m, 7H), 5.42-5.30(m, 1H), 4.65 (s, 1H), 4.40-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.20-3.90 (m, 2H, 3.80-3.60(m, 6H), 3.00-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.50-1.60 (m, 12H),1.10-0.80 (m, 12H); m/z 739.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example AI

5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-5-methyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione: A mixture of4-bromo acetophenone (8.0 g, 40.2 mmol), ammonium carbonate (40 g, 402mmol) and potassium cyanide (3.4 g, 52.3 mmol) in a mixed solvent ofethanol (90 mL) and water (90 mL) was stirred at 55° C. for 5 hours,then 12 hours at ambient. The solution was adjusted to pH=6 with 6 N HClcarefully and subsequently stirred at room temerature for 2 hours. Theprecipitate was filtered off, washed with water. The collected whitesolid was dried under vacuum to give the product (9.2 g, 85%). m/z267.1, 269.1 (M−H)⁻.

2-Amino-2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-propionic acid: A mixture of5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-5-methyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (4.0 g, 14.9 mmol)and 3 N NaOH (50 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 145° C. for twodays, then diluted with water (100 mL). The solution was adjusted topH=4 with 6 N HCl carefully and subsequently stirred at room temeraturefor 2 hours. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water. Thecollected white solid was dried under vacuum to give the product (2.5 g,65%). m/z 243.7, 245.7 (M+H)⁺.

2-Amino-2-(4-bromo-phenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester: To a solution of2-amino-2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-propionic acid (1.0 g, 4.1 mmol) in ethanol(20 mL) was bubbled through HCl gas for five minutes. The mixture wasstirred at ambient for 24 hours, then refluxed for 18 hours. Thevolatile component was removed in vacuo, and the residue was dissolvedin ethyl acetate (150 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine,dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct (800 mg, 72%). m/z 271.7, 273.7 (M+H)⁺.

2-[1-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4.1 mL, 23.6 mmol) wasadded dropwise to a mixture of pyrrolidine-1,3-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester (0.7 g, 3.2 mmol), HATU (1.2 g, 3.2 mmol) and2-amino-2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.8 g, 2.9 mmol)in DMF (20 mL), and stirred at ambient condition for 3 hours. Most ofthe volatile componet was removed in vacuo, and the resulting residuewas dissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL), washed with water and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct as a colorless oil (0.8 g, 58%). m/z 490.9, 492.9 (M+Na)⁺.

2-[1-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-carbamoyl-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To a stirred solution of2-[1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (280 mg, 0.6 mmol) in ethanol (8 mL) was bubbledthrough NH₃ gas for 5 minutes at −78° C. The solution was stirred atambient for 3 days in a sealed tube. Most of the volatile component wasremoved in vacuo, and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (150 mL), washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified byflash chromatography to provide the desired product as a colorless oil(169 mg, 64%). m/z 439.8, 441.8 (M+H)⁺.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To a stirred solution of2-[1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1-carbamoyl-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (160 mg, 0.36 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added 1N NaOH (5 mL), and stirred at ambient condition for 3 hours. Most of thevolatile componet was removed in vacuo, and the resulting residue wasdissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product as awhite solid (120 mg, 79%). m/z 421.8, 423.8 (M+H)⁺.

2-{5-Methyl-4-oxo-5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Pd(PPh₃)₄ (31 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added to asealed tube containing a mixture of2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (113 mg, 0.27 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (144mg, 0.57 mmol), potassium acetate (66 mg, 0.68 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (3mL). The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C.for 16 hours, and then the volatile component was removed in vacuo. Theresidue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃solution, water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography toprovide the desired product as a colorless oil (100 mg, 79%). m/z 470.0(M+H)⁺.

2-(5-{4′-[4-Boc-2-(1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that2-{5-methyl-4-oxo-5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. m/z 655.1 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Following the procedure used to prepare compound(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-(5-{4′-[4-Boc-2-(1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-1-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.90-7.50 (m, 9H), 5.25(t, 1H), 4.23 (d, 2H), 4.18-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.30 (m, 6H), 2.65-2.40(m, 2H), 2.40-1.70 (m, 12H), 1.10-0.80 (m, 12H); m/z 769.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example AJ

2,7-Dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene: To a stirred solution of9,10-dihydrophenanthrend (10 g, 55.5 mmol) in trimethylphosphate (60 mL)was added a solution of bromine (6.13 mL, 119.3 mmol) intrimethylphosphate (40 mL) slowly. After addition, the mixture wasstirred at ambient for 18 hours, the volatile component was removed invacuo. The residue was recrystallized from chloroform to give a whitecrystal (9.45 g, 51%).

4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane:Pd(PPh₃)₄ (24 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added to a sealed tube containing amixture of 2,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene (1.0 g, 3.0 mmol),bis(pinacolato)diboron (3.8 g, 14.9 mmol), potassium acetate (1.5 g,14.9 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL). The reaction mixture was flushedwith nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (300 mL), washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified byflash chromatography to provide the desired product as a white solid(1.2 g, 93%). m/z 432.8 (M+H)⁺.

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Pd(PPh₃)₄ (31 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added to amixture4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane(115 mg, 0.27 mmol),2-(4-bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (173 mg, 0.55 mmol), NaHCO₃ (159 mg, 1.9 mmol) in1,2-dimethoxyethane (5 mL) and water (1 mL). The reaction mixture wasflushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 6 hours, and then thevolatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct as a white solid (42 mg, 24%). m/z 651.0 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Followed the procedure used to prepare compound(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.99 (d, 2H), 7.88 (s,2H), 7.80-7.65 (m, 4H), 5.30-5.20 (m, 2H), 4.24 (d, 2H), 4.20-4.05 (m,2H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.60 (m, 6H), 3.00 (s, H), 2.65-2.50 (m,2H), 2.40-2.00 (m, 8H), 1.05-0.80 (m, 12H); m/z 765.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example AK

4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane:Followed the procedure used to prepare4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane,except that 2,7-dibromofluorene was used instead of2,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01(s, 2H), 7.84 (s, 4H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 1.38 (s, 24H).

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Followed the procedure used to prepare compound2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolanewas used instead of4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane.m/z 637.1 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Followed the procedure used to prepare compound(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.03 (d, 2H), 7.96 (s,2H), 7.88 (s, 2H), 7.77 (d, 2H), 5.26 (t, 2H), 4.24 (d, 2H), 4.20-4.05(m, 4H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.60 (m, 6H), 2.65-2.50 (m, 2H),2.40-2.00 (m, 8H), 1.05-0.90 (m, 12H); m/z 751.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example AL

2,7-Bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-fluoren-9-one:Followed the procedure used to prepare4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane,except that 2,7-dibromo-9-fluorenone was used instead of2,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene.

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Followed the procedure used to prepare compound2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, except that2,7-bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-fluoren-9-one wasused instead of4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane.m/z 650.9 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Followed the procedure used to prepare compound(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was used instead of2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.05-7.85 (m, 8H), 5.22(t, 2H), 4.23 (d, 2H), 4.20-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s,6H), 2.65-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.00 (m, 8H), 1.05-0.90 (m, 12H); m/z 765.3(M+H)⁺.

Example AM

2-Bromo-5-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester: To the solution of2-bromo-5-iodo-benzoic acid (10 g, 31 mmol) in methanol (100 ml) wasadded thionyl chloride (5 ml, 68 mmol). The mixture was heated at 55° C.for 12 hours. The solvent and reagent were removed under reducedpressure and the mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The organic solutionwas washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, water, and brine, and wasdried with sodium sulfate. Concentration gave 2-bromo-5-iodo-benzoicacid methyl ester (10.5 g).

2-Bromo-5-(2-bromo-acetyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester: To the solution of2-bromo-5-iodo-benzoic acid methyl ester (4.33 g, 12.7 mmol) andtributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane (4.79 g, 13.3 mmol) in dioxane (56 ml) wasadded PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (322 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 17hours and was cooled to 0° C. Water (19 ml) was added, followed by slowaddition of NBS (2.33 g, 12.9 mmol) over 10 minutes period. The mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for additional 40 minutes, and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, andwas washed with water and brine and dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(hexane/EtOAc=2/1) gave 2-bromo-5-(2-bromo-acetyl)-benzoic acid methylester (3.48 g).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester: To the solution of (s)Boc-PrOH (2.5 g, 11.6 mmol) andtriethylamine (1.55 ml, 11.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (34 ml) was added asolution of 2-bromo-5-(2-bromo-acetyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester (3.48g, 10.4 mmol) in acetonitrile (17 ml). The mixture was stirred for 10hours, and the solvent was evaporated. The mixture was diluted withEtOAc, and washed with water and brine, and was dried with sodiumsulfate. Purification by flash column chromatography(hexane/EtOAc=1/1.5) gave pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester (3.9 g): m/z: 491.9 (M+Na)⁺.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The mixture of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester (460 mg, 1 mmol) and ammonium acetate (860 mg, 11 mmol) in xylenes(5 ml) was heated at 140° C. for 80 minutes under microwave. The mixturewas quenched with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase waswashed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (EtOAc)gave2-[5-(4-bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (320 mg). m/z: 449.8 (M+H)⁺, 448.1 (M−H)⁻.

2-{5-[3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(4-bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron(225 mg, 0.89 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.4 ml) and DMF (2 ml) was addedpotassium acetate (110 g, 1.1 mmol), followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (20 mg) andPdCl₂(dppf)CH₂Cl₂ (20 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 12hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washed with water andbrine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purificationby flash column chromatography (EtOAc) gave2-{5-[3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (168 mg). m/z: 498.0 (M+H)⁺.

4,4′-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylicacid dimethyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(4-bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (158 mg, 0.35 mmol) and2-{5-[3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (166 mg, 0.33 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyether (3 ml)and water (1 ml) was added sodium bicarbonate (91 mg, 1.1 mmol),followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (15 mg) and PdCl₂(dppf)CH₂Cl₂ (15 mg). The mixturewas heated at 80° C. for 7 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc,and was washed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (EtOAc)gave4,4′-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylicacid dimethyl ester (85 mg). m/z: 741.0 (M+H)⁺, 370.9 (M+2H)⁺/2.

4,4′-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dimethylhydroxy:To the solution of4,4′-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylicacid dimethyl ester (85 mg, 0.11 mmol) in THF (2 ml) at −78° C. wasadded DIBAL-H THF solution (1.4 ml, 1.4 mmol). The mixture was warmed to25° C. and stirred for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. andquenched with 2.0 N NaOH solution until PH=11. The mixture was extractedwith EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, and wasdried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flashcolumn chromatography (DCM/MeOH) gave4,4′-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dimethylhydroxy(54 mg). m/z: 685.1 (M+H)⁺, 343.0 (M+2H)⁺/2.

Example AN

4,4′-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboaldehyde:To the solution of4,4′-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dimethylhydroxy(54 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMSO (1.2 ml) was added triethylamine (0.14 ml).The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, and pyridine-sulfur trioxide (170mg) was added. The mixture was stirred for 90 minutes and was quenchedwith ice-water. The stirring was continued for additional 30 minutes andthe mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed withwater and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration gave4,4′-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboaldehyde(40 mg). m/z: 681.0 (M+H)⁺.

3,9-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine:To the solution of4,4′-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboaldehyde(40 mg, 0.06 mmol) in MeOH/THF (2.5 ml/0.5 ml) was added methylaminemethanol solution (29 μl, 0.06 mmol), followed by acetic acid (14 μl,0.23 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (50 mg, 0.23 mmol). The mixture was stirredfor 12 hours and was quenched with water. The mixture was extracted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1.0 N sodium hydroxidesolution, water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (DCM/MeOH)gave compound3,9-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine(24 mg). m/z: 680.3 (M+H)⁺.

3,9-Bis-[2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine:To the solution of3,9-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine(24 mg) in DCM/MeOH (1.6 ml/0.75 ml) was added hydrochloric acid indioxane (0.44 ml, 1.7 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 3hours and the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. Themixture was diluted with water and acetonitrile, and was freezer-driedto give3,9-bis-[2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepineas brown powder (25 mg). m/z: 480.1 (M+H)⁺.

1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of3,9-bis-[2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine(25 mg, 0.035 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (13 mg, 0.074 mmol) in DMF (1.2 ml)was added HATU (28 mg, 0.074 mmol), followed by diisopropylethylamine(61 μl, 0.35 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 90 minutes and wasdiluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1 N NaOH solution,water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration andpurification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O) gave(1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (24 mg). m/z: 794.3 (M+H)⁺, 397.8 (M+2H)⁺/2. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 8.0-7.9 (8H, m), 5.27 (2H, m), 4.3-4.2 (2H, m),4.2-3.8 (8H, m), 3.66 (6H, s), 3.08 (3H, s), 2.7-2.5 (2H, m), 2.4-1.9(8H, m), 0.94-0.90 (12H, m).

Example AO

3,9-Bis-[2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydrodibenzo[c,e]oxepine:To the suspension of4,4′-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2,2′-dimethylhydroxy(8 mg, 0.011 mmol) in water (1.5 ml) was added sulfuric acid (1.5 ml).The mixture was heated at 60° C. for 14 hours. The mixture was cooled to0° C., and 2 N sodium hydroxide solution was added until pH=7. Themixture was freezer-dried to give3,9-bis-[2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine.m/z: 467.1 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of3,9-bis-[2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine(0.011 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (4 mg, 0.023 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was addedHATU (9 mg, 0.023 mmol), followed by diisopropylethylamine (38 μl, 0.22mmol). The mixture was stirred for 60 minutes and was diluted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water, andbrine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purificationby HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O) gave(1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.5 mg). m/z: 781.2 (M+1), 391.2 (M+2)/2; ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 7.9-7.8 (8H, m), 5.27 (2H, m), 4.44 (4H, s), 4.22(2H, m), 4.17-4.05 (2H, m), 3.95-3.83 (2H, m), 5.67 (6H, s), 2.65-2.50(2H, m), 2.35-1.95 (8H, m), 0.99-0.89 (12H, m).

Example AP

2-[5-(4-Bromo-3-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(4-Bromo-3-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) in THF (4 ml) at −78° C. wasadded DIBAL-H THF solution (3.33 ml, 3.33 mmol). The mixture was warmedto 25° C. and stirred for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. andquenched with 2.0 N NaOH solution until PH=11. The mixture was extractedwith EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, and wasdried with sodium sulfate. Concentration gave2-[5-(4-bromo-3-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (196 mg). m/z: 421.9 (M+H)⁺, 420.2 (M−H)⁻.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-3-formyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(4-bromo-3-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (196 mg, 0.46 mmol) in DMSO (3.5 ml) was addedtriethylamine (0.40 ml). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, andpyridine-sulfur trioxide (500 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred for2 hours and was quenched with ice-water. The stirring was continued foradditional 30 minutes and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Theorganic phase was washed with water and brine, and was dried with sodiumsulfate. Concentration gave2-[5-(4-Bromo-3-formyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (180 mg).

2-(5-{4-Bromo-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(4-bromo-3-formyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (180 mg, 0.46 mmol) in MeOH/THF (2.5 ml/2.5 ml)was added methylamine methanol solution (0.69 ml, 1.38 mmol), followedby acetic acid (110 μl, 1.84 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (975 mg, 4.6 mmol).The mixture was stirred for 12 hours and was quenched with 1 N sodiumhydroxide solution. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organicphase was washed with water and brine, and was dried with sodiumsulfate. Concentration gave the intermediate (171 mg). To the solutionof the above intermediate (171 mg, 0.39 mmol) in DCM (4 ml) was addeddi-tert-butyl dicarbonate (86 mg, 0.39 mmol), followed bydiisopropylethylamine (135 6l, 0.78 mmol). The mixture was stirred for12 hours, and the solvent and reagent was evaporated. Purification byflash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave2-(5-{4-bromo-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (142 mg). m/z: 535 (M+H)⁺.

4,4′-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-2′-carboxylicacid dimethyl ester: To the solution of2-(5-{4-bromo-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (142 mg, 0.27 mmol) and2-{5-[3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (125 mg, 0.25 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyether (2.3 ml)and water (0.7 ml) was added sodium bicarbonate (63 mg, 0.75 mmol),followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (12 mg) and PdCl₂(dppf)CH₂Cl₂ (12 mg). The mixturewas heated at 80° C. for 20 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc,and was washed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(hexanes/EtOAc) gave4,4′-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-2′-carboxylicacid dimethyl ester (82 mg). m/z: 826 (M+H)⁺, 413.6 (M+2H)⁺/2.

2′-Methylaminomethyl-4,4′-bis-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester: To the solution of4,4′-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl-methyl-amino)-2′-carboxylicacid dimethyl ester (77 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (3 ml) was addedtrifluoroacetic acid (3 ml). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours, andthe solvent and reagent were removed under reduced pressure. The mixturewas diluted with acetonitrile and water, was freezer-dried to give2′-methylaminomethyl-4,4′-bis-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester as white powder (90 mg). m/z: 526.1 (M+H)⁺.

6-Methyl-3,9-bis-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-5-one:To the solution of2′-methylaminomethyl-4,4′-bis-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester (90 mg) in pyridine (5 ml) was addeddiisopropylethylamine (1 ml). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 2hours. The solvents were evaporated. The mixture was diluted withacetonitrile and water, was freezer-dried to give6-Methyl-3,9-bis-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-5-oneas brown powder. m/z: 494.1 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-methyl-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of6-methyl-3,9-bis-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-5-one(0.09 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (33 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was addedHATU (71 mg, 0.19 mmol), followed by diisopropylethylamine (323 μl, 1.86mmol). The mixture was stirred for 60 minutes and was diluted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water, andbrine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purificationby HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O) gave(1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-methyl-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (16 mg). m/z: 808.2 (M+1), 404.8 (M+2)/2, 806.3 (M−1).¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 8.1-7.8 (8H, m), 5.4-5.2 (2H, m), 4.6-4.2 (4H,m), 4.2-4.0 (2H, m), 3.95-3.80 (2H, m), 3.64 (6H, m), 3.25 (3H, s),2.65-2.45 (2H, m), 2.35-2.0 (8H, m), 1.05-0.9 (12H, m).

Example AQ

2,7-Dibromo-phenanthrene: The mixture of2,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene (2.4 g, 7.1 mmol), NBS (1.4 g, 7.8mmol), and benzoyl peroxide (0.2 g) in carbon tetrachloride (300 ml) wasrefluxed for 2 hours. Potassium acetate (3.6 g) and acetic acid (3.2 ml)were added, and the refluxing was continued for additional 2 hours. Themixture was cooled and diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washedwith water, saturated sodium bicarbonate, and brine, and was dried withsodium sulfate. Concentration gave 2,7-dibromo-phenanthrene (2.3 g).

(4,4′-Dibromo-2′-hydroxymethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanol: The solution of2,7-dibromo-phenanthrene (3.8 g) in DCM/MeOH (120 ml/1 ml) was cooled to−78° C., and it became a suspension. Ozone was bubbled thorough for 20minutes, and the mixture became blue. Oxygen was bubbled for 5 minutesand dimethyl sulfide (3 ml) was added. The mixture was warmed to 25° C.and stirred for 12 hours. Concentration and purification by flash columnchromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave4,4′-dibromo-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarbaldehyde (600 mg). To the solution of4,4′-dibromo-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarbaldehyde (600 mg, 1.7 mmol) in THF/MeOH(10 ml/10 ml) at 0° C. was added sodium borohydride (320 mg, 8.2 mmol).The mixture was warmed to 25° C. and stirred for 12 hours. The mixturewas quenched with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase waswashed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration gave(4,4′-dibromo-2′-hydroxymethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanol (550 mg).

3,9-Dibromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine: The suspension of(4,4′-dibromo-2′-hydroxymethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanol (460 mg) inphosphoric acid (25 ml) was heated at 160° C. for 4 hours. The mixturewas cooled and diluted with water (100 ml), and was extracted withEtOAC. The organic phase was washed with water, saturated sodiumbicarbonate, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentrationyielded 3,9-dibromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine (416 mg).

2-Bromo-1-[9-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl]-ethanone:To the solution of 3,9-dibromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine (416 mg,1.2 mmol) and tributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane (878 μl, 2.6 mmol) indioxane (6 ml) was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (30 mg). The mixture was heated at80° C. for 16 hours and was cooled to 0° C. Water (2 ml) was added,followed by slow addition of NBS (464 mg, 2.6 mmol) over 5 minutesperiod. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for additional 40 minutes, andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was dilutedwith EtOAc, and was washed with water and brine and dried with sodiumsulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(hexane/EtOAc) gave2-bromo-1-[9-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl]-ethanone(160 mg).

Diketoester: To the solution of (S)-Boc-Pro-OH (275 mg, 1.28 mmol) andtriethylamine (154 μl, 1.11 mmol) in acetonitrile (3.4 ml) was added asolution of2-bromo-1-[9-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl]-ethanone(160 mg, 0.37 mmol) in DMF (6 ml). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours,and the solvent was evaporated. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, andwashed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration gave the intermediate diketoester. m/z: 729.1 (M+Na)⁺.

3,9-Bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine:The mixture of above diketoester (0.37 mmol) and ammonium acetate (860mg, 11 mmol) in xylene (5 ml) was heated at 140° C. for 80 minutes undermicrowave. The mixture was quenched with water, and extracted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, and was driedwith sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash columnchromatography (DCM/EtOAc) gave3,9-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine(195 mg). m/z: 667.1 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of3,9-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine(190 mg) in DCM (3 ml) was added TFA (1.5 ml). The mixture was stirredfor 60 minutes, and the solvent and reagent were removed under reducedpressure. The mixture was diluted with acetonitrile and water, and wasfreezer-dried to give dipyrrolidine. To the solution of dipyrrolidine(0.29 mmol) and (S—)-Moc-Val-OH (100 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DMF (8 ml) wasadded HATU (227 mg, 0.60 mmol), followed by diisopropylethylamine (0.5ml, 2.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 90 minutes and was dilutedwith EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water,and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration andpurification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O) gave(1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (142 mg). m/z: 781.3 (M+1), 779.3 (M−1), 391.3(M+2)/2. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 7.9-7.8 (8H, m), 5.27 (2H, m), 4.44(4H, s), 4.22 (2H, m), 4.17-4.05 (2H, m), 3.95-3.83 (2H, m), 5.67 (6H,s), 2.65-2.50 (2H, m), 2.35-1.95 (8H, m), 0.99-0.89 (12H, m).

Example AR

2-Bromo-1-(9-bromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-ethanone: To thesolution of 3,9-dibromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepine (416 mg, 1.2mmol) and tributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane (878 μl, 2.6 mmol) in dioxane (6ml) was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (30 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for16 hours and was cooled to 0° C. Water (2 ml) was added, followed byslow addition of NBS (464 mg, 2.6 mmol) over 5 minutes period. Themixture was stirred at 0° C. for additional 40 minutes, and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc,and was washed with water and brine and dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(hexane/EtOAc) gave2-bromo-1-(9-bromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-ethanone (120mg).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(9-bromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester: To the solution of (S)-Boc-Pro-OH (118 mg, 0.55mmol) and triethylamine (65 μl, 0.46 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 ml) wasadded a solution of2-bromo-1-(9-bromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-ethanone (120mg, 0.31 mmol) in DMF (4 ml). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours, andthe solvent was evaporated. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, andwashed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration gave pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(9-bromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester (160 mg). m/z: 553.8 (M+Na)⁺.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[9-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester: To the solution of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(9-bromo-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester (160 mg, 0.30) and tributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane (112μl, 0.33 mmol) in dioxane (2 ml) was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8 mg). Themixture was heated at 80° C. for 16 hours and was cooled to 0° C. Water(0.7 ml) was added, followed by slow addition of NBS (59, 0.33 mmol)over 5 minutes period. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for additional40 minutes, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Themixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washed with water and brine anddried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flashcolumn chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) gave pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid2-{2-[9-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester (156 mg). m/z: 593.9 (M+Na)⁺.

2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{9-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester(100 mg, 0.42 mmol) and triethylamine (50 μl, 0.36 mmol) in acetonitrile(2 ml) was added a solution of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[9-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester (136 mg, 0.24 mmol) in DMF (4 ml). The mixture wasstirred for 10 hours, and the solvent was evaporated. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc, and washed with water and brine, and was dried withsodium sulfate. Concentration gave2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{9-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester (142 mg). m/z: 731.3 (M−H)⁻, 755.2 (M+Na)⁺.

3-(5-{9-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The mixture of2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{9-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester (142 mg, 0.19 mmol) and ammonium acetate (860 mg, 11mmol) in xylene (5 ml) was heated at 140° C. for 80 minutes undermicrowave. The mixture was quenched with water, and extracted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, and was driedwith sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash columnchromatography (DCM/EtOAc) gave3-(5-{9-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (86 mg). m/z: 693.1 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{3-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of3-(5-{9-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (86 mg) in DCM (3 ml) was added TFA (1.5 ml). Themixture was stirred for 60 minutes, and the solvent and reagent wereremoved under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted withacetonitrile and water, and was freezer-dried to give brown powder. Tothe solution of above powder (0.12 mmol) and (S)-Moc-Val-OH (44 mg, 0.25mmol) in DMF (4 ml) was added HATU (99 mg, 0.26 mmol), followed bydiisopropylethylamine (0.22 ml, 1.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred for90 minutes and was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with1 N NaOH solution, water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O)gave(1-{3-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (84 mg). m/z: 807.4 (M+1), 805.3 (M−1), 404.4 (M+2)/2.¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 8.0-7.8 (8H, m), 5.26 (2H, m), 4.66 (1H, m),4.44 (4H, m), 4.35 (1H, m), 4.25 (1H, m), 4.15 (1H, m), 3.89 (1H, m),3.67 (6H, m), 2.85 (2H, m), 2.60 (2H, m), 2.3-1.4 (9H, m), 1.05-0.85(12H, m).

Example AS

3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone (HCl salt, 1.0 g, 4 mmol) and2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester(0.98 g, 4 mmol) in DMF (13 ml) was added HATU (1.64 g, 4.3 mmol),followed by slow addition of diisopropylethylamine (2.2 ml, 12.7 mmol).The mixture was stirred for 4 hours and was diluted with EtOAc. Theorganic phase was washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water, and brine, andwas dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flashcolumn chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) gave3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.7 g). m/z: 460.9 (M+Na)⁺.

3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The mixture of3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.7 g, 4 mmol), acetic acid (24 μl), and ammoniumacetate (1.54 g, 20 mmol) in xylene (20 ml) was heated at 140° C. for 20hours. The mixture was quenched with saturated sodium carbonatesolution, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed withwater and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration andpurification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.21 g). m/z: 417.9 (M+H)⁺.

3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (667 mg, 1.6 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (813mg, 3.2 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (12.5 ml) was added potassium acetate (401mg, 4.1 mmol), followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (78 mg). The mixture was heated at80° C. for 12 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washedwith water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentrationand purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (560 mg). m/z: 466.1 (M+H)⁺.

4,4′-Bis-[2-(2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl:To the solution of3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (560 mg, 1.22 mmol) and3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (535 mg, 1.28 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyether (11 ml)and water (3.5 ml) was added sodium bicarbonate (343 mg, 4 mmol),followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (55 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 7hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washed with water andbrine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purificationby flash column chromatography (DCM/MeOH) gave4,4′-bis-[2-(2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl(50 mg). m/z: 677.2 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of4,4′-Bis-[2-(2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl(50 mg, 0.07 mmol) in MeOH (2 ml) was added hydrochloric acid (0.24 ml,1.48 mmol) The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 5 hours, and the solventand reagent were removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was dilutedwith acetonitrile and water, and was freezer-dried to give brown powder.m/z: 477.2 (M+1), 239.1 (M+2)/2. To the solution of above powder (29 mg,0.047 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (20 mg, 0.0.113 mmol) in DMF (1.5 ml) wasadded HATU (40 mg, 0.10 mmol), followed by diisopropylethylamine (50 ml,0.28 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 90 minutes and was diluted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water, andbrine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purificationby HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O) gave(1-{3-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (15 mg). m/z: 791.2 (M+1), 396.5 (M+2)/2. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 7.92-7.82 (10H, m), 4.82 (2H, m), 4.32 (2H, m), 4.05(2H, m), 3.65 (6H, m), 2.85 (2H, m), 2.3-1.6 (14H, m), 1.05-0.85 (12H,m).

Example AT

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: The mixture of2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.0 g, 2.44 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (1.23 g,3.0 mmol) in THF (16 ml) was heated at 80° C. for 4 hours. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure and the mixture was diluted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate,water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration andpurification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (655 mg). m/z: 410.7 (M+H)⁺.

2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-thiazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (380 mg, 0.93 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (500 mg,2.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (7 ml) was added potassium acetate (240 mg, 2.1mmol), followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (46 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C.for 20 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washed withwater and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration andpurification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-thiazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (400 mg). m/z: 479.0 (M+Na)⁺.

4,4′-Bis-[5-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-biphenyl:To the solution of2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-thiazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (242 mg, 0.53 mmol) and2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (224 mg, 0.55 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyether (4.7 ml) andwater (1.5 ml) was added sodium bicarbonate (150 mg, 1.8 mmol), followedby Pd(PPh₃)₄ (24 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 7 hours. Themixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washed with water and brine, andwas dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flashcolumn chromatography (DCM/MeOH) gave4,4′-bis-[5-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-biphenyl(270 mg).

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-thiazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of4,4′-Bis-[5-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-biphenyl(270 mg) in DCM (4 ml) was added TFA (2 ml) The mixture was stirred for4 hours, and the solvent and reagent were removed under reducedpressure. The mixture was diluted DCM, and 1.0 N sodium hydroxidesolution was added until pH 11. The organic phase was separated anddried with sodium sulfate. Concentration gave a white solid (182 mg). Tothe solution of above powder (46 mg, 0.1 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (42 mg,0.24 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was added HATU (84 mg, 0.22 mmol), followed bydiisopropylethylamine (100 μl, 0.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 90minutes and was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1N NaOH solution, water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(DCM/EtOAc) gave(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-thiazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (57 mg). m/z: 773.3 (M+1). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz) δ8.14 (2H, s), 7.8-7.6 (8H, m), 7.37 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 5.32 (2H, m),4.11 (2H, m), 3.80 (4H, m), 3.51 (6H, s), 2.3-1.9 (10H, m), 0.90 (12H,m).

Example AU

(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-4″-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (300 mg, 0.60 mmol), 1,4-dibromo-benzene (95 mg, 0.40mmol) and aqueous K₂CO₃ (800 μl of a 2M solution) in dimethoxyethane (4mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20 minutes. To the degassed solutionwas added Pd(PPh₃)₄ and the reaction was heated to 85° C. overnight.After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was quenched with aceticacid, filtered, and then concentrated. The crude product was purified byreverse phase preparative HPLC (10-85% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acidmodifier) to afford both the monosubstituted product(1-{2-[5-(4′-bromo-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (111 mg, 0.21 mmol, 53% yield) and the desired bissubstituted product(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-4″-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (24 mg, 0.074 mmol, 19% yield): ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.79 (s, 2H), 7.85-7.62 (m, 12H), 7.53 (s, 2H), 7.29 (d,2H), 5.02 (m, 2H), 4.07 (t, 2H), 3.82 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s, 6H), 2.15-1.90(m, 10H), 0.91 (d, 6H), 0.86 (d, 6H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₅N₈O₆:815.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 815.7 (M+H)⁺.

Example AV

{1-[2-(5-{4-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared following the methoddetailed for(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-4″-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, substituting 2,5-dibromo-thiazole for2,6-dibromobenzene: ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.09 (s, 2H), 7.85 (m, 8H), 7.71 (s,2H), 7.33 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 5.13 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.11 (t, J=10.4Hz, 2H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 3H), 2.03(m, 6H), 0.82 (m, 12H). C₄₃H₅₁N₉O₆S calculated 821.4 observed[M+H]⁺822.6; rt=1.61 min

Example AW

{1-[2-(5-{4-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared following the methoddetailed for(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-4″-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, substituting 2,5-dibromo-thiophene for2,6-dibromobenzene: ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.47 (s, 2H), 8.09 (m, 4H), 7.89 (m,6H), 7.33 (d J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 5.12 (t, J=10.0 ZH, 2H), 4.10 (t, J=11.2Hz, 2H), 3.82 (m, 2H), 3.61 (m, 4H), 2.37 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, 9H), 0.822(m, 12H). C₄₄H₅₂N₈O₆S calculated 820.4 observed [M+1]⁺821.8; rt=1.66 min

Example AX

2-Bromo-1-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenyl]-ethanone: To a solution of Br₂(1.27 mL, 24.66 mmol) in HOAc (12 mL) was added 1,4-diacetylbenzene(2.00 g, 12.33 mmol). After stirring for 2 h, the reaction was dilutedwith water and the precipitate collected by filtration. The crudeproduct was then recrystallized from toluene to afford2-bromo-1-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenyl]-ethanone (2.87 g, 8.97 mmol, 73%yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.13 (s, 4H), 5.01 (s, 4H).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[4-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxycarbonyl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester: A suspension of2-bromo-1-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenyl]-ethanone (2.87 g, 8.97 mmol) inCH₃CN (15 mL) was added dropwise to a solution ofpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (3.85 g, 17.9 mmol)and triethylamine (2.49 mL, 17.9 mmol) in CH₃CN (30 mL). The reactionwas stirred for 4 hours then concentrated and purified by silica gelchromatography (20-60% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to affordpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[4-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxycarbonyl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester (4.91 g, 8.34 mmol, 93% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.11 (s, 4H), 5.69-5.50 (m, 4H), 4.37-4.32 (m, 2H),3.42-3.29 (m, 6H), 2.34-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.82 (m,4H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.37 (s, 9H).

1-[2-(5-{4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-ethanone:A solution of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[4-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxycarbonyl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester (4.91 g, 8.35 mmol) and ammonium acetate (6.44 g,8.36 mmol) in xylenes (42 mL) was heated to 140° C. overnight in asealed pressure flask. After cooling to room temperature, the reactionwas diluted with EtOAc and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ and brine. Theorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ then concentrated. The crudematerial was purified by silica gel chromatography (3-10% MeOH—CH₂Cl₂gradient) to afford1-[2-(5-{4-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-ethanone(1.58 g, 2.87 mmol, 34% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₀H₄₁N₆O₄: 549.3(M+H⁺). Found: 549.3 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To1-[2-(5-{4-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-ethanone(500 mg, 0.91 mmol) in dioxanes (5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (3mL). The suspension was stirred for 2 hours then concentrated to affordthe HCl salt of the crude amine (530 mg). To a portion of the crudeamine (200 mg, 0.41 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine(270 μl, 2.44 mmol). After all material dissolved,2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (144 mg, 0.82 mmol) andHATU (312 mg, 0.82 mmol) were added. After stirring for 1 hour thereaction was quenched with AcOH then purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC (10-85% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (56 mg, 0.085 mmol, 21% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.68 (s, 2H), 7.62 (m, 4H), 7.41 (s, 2H), 7.27 (d, 2H),5.07-5.05 (m, 2H), 4.06 (t, 2H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s, 6H), 2.13 (m,4H), 1.95 (m, 6H), 0.90 (d, 6H), 0.85 (d, 6H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₃₄H₄₇N₈O₆: 663.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 663.1 (M+H⁺).

Example AY

(2-Methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (5.00 g, 11.1 mmol), TMS-acetylene (7.90 mL, 55.5mmol) and triethylamine (4.64 mL, 33.3 mmol) in DMF (56 mL) was degassedwith N₂ gas for 20 minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄(1.28 g, 1.11 mmol) and CuI (106 mg, 0.56 mmol). The pressure flask wassealed then heated at 80° C. overnight. After cooling to roomtemperature, the reaction was concentrated then diluted with EtOAc andwashed with water. The aqueous phase was back-extracted two times thenthe organic phases were combined and dried over Na₂SO₄. Afterconcentration, the crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography (10-80% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford(2-methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (3.08 g, 6.60 mmol, 59% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₅H₃₅N₄O₃Si: 467.3 (M+H⁺). Found: 467.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To(2-methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (3.08 g, 6.60 mmol) in MeOH was added K₂CO₃ (1.82 g,13.2 mmol). After stirring for 5 h, the reaction was filtered thenconcentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc then washed with H₂O.The aqueous phase was back-extracted with EtOAc two times then theorganic phases were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography (5-10% MeOH—CH₂Cl₂ gradient) to afford(1-{2-[5-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (2.62 g, 6.6 mmol, quantitative yield). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₂₂H₂₇N₄O₃: 395.2 (M+H⁺). Found: 395.2 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (947 mg, 2.11 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.00 g, 2.53 mmol), and triethylamine (882 μl, 6.33mmol) in DMF (13 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20 minutes. To thedegassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (244 mg, 0.21 mmol) and CuI (40mg, 0.21 mmol). The pressure flask was sealed then heated at 80° C.overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction wasconcentrated then diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The aqueousphase was back-extracted two times then the organic phases were combinedand dried over Na₂SO₄. After concentration, the crude material waspurified by silica gel chromatography (0-20% MeOH-EtOAc gradient) thenreverse phase preparative HPLC (10-85% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acidmodifier) to afford[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (600 mg, 1.00 mmol, 47% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.84 (s, 2H), 7.75 (d, 4H), (7.56 (s, 2H), 7.47 (d, 4H),7.28 (d, 2H), 5.06 (m, 2H), 4.06-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s,6H), 2.14 (m, 4H) 2.00-1.90 (m, 6H), 0.89 (d, 6H), 0.84 (d, 6H).LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₅₁N₈O₆: 763.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 763.4 (M+H⁺).

Example AZ

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (244 mg, 0.54 mmol),[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (270 mg, 0.49 mmol) and aqueous K₂CO₃ (490 μl of a 2Msolution, 0.98 mmol) in toluene (3 mL) and DMF (1 mL) was degassed withN₂ gas for 20 minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (31mg, 0.027 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (20 mg, 0.027 mmol) then the reactionwas heated to 80° C. overnight. After cooling to room temperature, thereaction was quenched with acetic acid, filtered, and then concentrated.The crude product was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (10-85%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (149 mg, 0.19 mmol, 35% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.82 (s, 1H), 11.79 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.16 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.79(m, 8H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.31-7.29 (m, 2H), 5.10 (m, 2H),4.09-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.82 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s, 6H), 2.20-1.85 (m, 10H),0.95-0.86 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₃N₈O₆: 789.4 (M+H⁺).Found: 789.2 (M+H⁺).

Example AA1

2,6-Anthracene-bis-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane: A mixture of2,6-dibromoanthracene (500 mg, 1.49 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (756mg, 2.98 mmol) and KOAc (585 mg, 5.96 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) was degassedwith N₂ gas for 20 minutes. To the degassed solution was addedPdCl₂(dppf) (55 mg, 0.075 mmol) then the reaction was heated to 80° C.overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was pouredinto H₂O and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic phase was collected thenwashed with H₂O and brine. After drying over Na₂SO₄, the organic phasewas concentrated then purified by silica gel chromatography (30-100%CH₂Cl₂-hexanes gradient) to afford2,6-anthracene-bis-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (241 mg, 0.56mmol, 38% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.57 (s, 2H), 8.46 (s,2H), 8.00 (d, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H).

1-[2-(5-{6-[2-(1-1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-anthracen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-ethanone:A solution of 2,6-anthracene-bis-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(241 mg, 0.56 mmol),2-(5-bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (531 mg, 1.68 mmol) and aq K₂CO₃ (1.12 mL of a 2M solution, 2.24mmol) in toluene (6 mL) and DMF (1 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (32 mg, 0.028mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (21 mg, 0.028 mmol) then the reaction was heatedto 80° C. overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction wasconcentrated. The crude material was diluted with EtOAc then washed withsaturated NaHCO₃. The aqueous phase was back-extracted two times thenthe organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated.The crude product was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (20-80%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford1-[2-(5-{6-[2-(1-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-anthracen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-ethanone(117 mg, 0.18 mmol, 32% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₈H₄₅N₆O₄: 649.4(M+H⁺). Found: 648.9 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-anthracen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To1-[2-(5-{6-[2-(1-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-anthracen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-ethanone(117 mg, 0.18 mmol) in dioxanes (5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (180μl, 0.72 mmol). The suspension overnight then concentrated to afford theHCl salt of the crude amine. To the amine in DMF (3 mL) was addedN-methylmorpholine (119 μl, 1.08 mmol). After all the materialdissolved, 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (76 mg, 0.43mmol) and HATU (151 mg, 0.40 mmol) were added. After stirring overnightthe reaction was quenched with AcOH then purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC (15-70% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-anthracen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (46 mg, 0.098 mmol, 54% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.84 (s, 2H), 8.38 (s, 2H), 8.31 (s, 2H), 8.00 (d, 2H),7.86 (d, 2H), 7.62 (s, 2H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 5.12 (m, 2H), 4.10 (m, 2H),3.84 (m, 4H), 3.55 (s, 6H), 2.18-1.95 (m, 10H), 0.96 (d, 6H), 0.88 (d,6H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₅₁N₈O₆: 763.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 763.1(M+H⁺).

Example AB1

4,4-Difluoro-2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A solution of2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (700 mg, 1.56 mmol), TMS-acetylene (1.11 mL, 7.79mmol) and triethylamine (1.1 mL, 7.8 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was degassedwith N₂ gas for 20 minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄(180 mg, 0.16 mmol) and CuI (14.8 mg, 0.078 mmol). The pressure flaskwas sealed then heated at 80° C. overnight. After cooling to roomtemperature, the reaction was concentrated then diluted with EtOAc andwashed with water. The aqueous phase was back-extracted two times thenthe organic phases were combined and dried over Na₂SO₄. Afterconcentration, the crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography (10-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford4,4-difluoro-2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (547 g, 1.23 mmol, 79% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₂₃H₃₀F₂N₃O₂Si: 446.2 (M+H⁺). Found: 445.8 (M+H⁺).

(1-{4,4-Difluoro-2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To4,4-difluoro-2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (547 mg, 1.23 mmol) in dioxanes (6 mL) was added4N HCl in dioxanes (1.65 mL, 6.6 mmol). The suspension was stirredovernight then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine.To the amine in DMF (5 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (406 μl, 3.69mmol). After all the material dissolved,2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (236 mg, 1.35 mmol) andHATU (513 mg, 1.35 mmol) were added. After stirring for 2 hours thereaction was concentrated then diluted with EtOAc and washed with H₂O.The aqueous phase was back-extracted two times then the organic layerswere combined, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. The crude productwas purified by silica gel chromatography (20-60% EtOAc-hexanesgradient) to afford(1-{4,4-difluoro-2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (412 mg, 0.82 mmol, 67% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₅H₃₃F₂N₄O₃Si: 503.2 (M+H⁺). Found: 503.2 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To(1-{4,4-difluoro-2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (412 mg, 0.82 mmol) in MeOH (8 mL) was added K₂CO₃(227 mg, 1.64 mmol). After stirring for 5 h, the reaction was filteredthen concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc then washed withH₂O. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with EtOAc two times then theorganic phases were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography (20-80% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford(1-{2-[5-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (371 mg, 0.82 mmol, quantitative yield). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₂₂H₂₅F₂N₄O₃: 431.2 (M+H⁺). Found: 431.1 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4,4-Difluoro-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (400 mg, 0.89 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (371 mg, 0.89 mmol), and triethylamine (372 μl, 2.67mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20 minutes. To thedegassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (103 mg, 0.089 mmol) and CuI (17mg, 0.089 mmol). The pressure flask was sealed then heated at 80° C.overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was quenchedwith AcOH then purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (10-70%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) then silica gel chromatography(0-10% MeOH-EtOAc gradient) to afford[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4,4-difluoro-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (231 mg, 0.29 mmol, 33% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.04 (s, 1H), 11.84 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.76 (m, 4H), 7.61 (s,1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 6H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 5.29 (t, 1H), 5.07(m, 1H), 4.52 (m, 1H), 4.24-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.06 (t, 1H), 3.93 (t, 1H),3.80 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.93 (m, 1H), 2.77 (m, 1H),2.14-1.88 (m, 6H), 0.90-0.84 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₄₉N₈O₆:799.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 799.0 (M+H⁺).

Example AC1

2-[(4-Bromo-benzoylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: To 2-aminomethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.00 g, 4.97 mmol) and 4-bromo-benzoic acid (996 mg,4.97 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (655 μl, 5.96mmol) and HATU (1.89 g, 4.97 mmol). After stirring for 3 hours thereaction was concentrated then diluted with EtOAc and washed with 1NHCl, saturated NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic phase was then dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography (20-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford2-[(4-bromo-benzoylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.91 g, 4.97 mmol, quantitative yield). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₁₇H₂₄BrN₂O₃: 383.1 (M+H⁺). Found: 383.6 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[(4-Bromo-benzoylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To2-[(4-bromo-benzoylamino)-methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.00 g, 2.61 mmol) in dioxanes (15 mL) was added 4NHCl in dioxanes (5 mL, 20 mmol). The solution was stirred overnight thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the amine inDMF (13 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (574 μl, 5.22 mmol),2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (457 mg, 2.61) and HATU(992 mg, 2.61 mmol). After stirring for 2 hours the reaction wasconcentrated then diluted with EtOAc and washed with 1N HCl, saturatedNaHCO₃, and brine. The crude product was purified by silica gelchromatography (100% EtOAc) to afford(1-{2-[(4-bromo-benzoylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (950 mg, 2.18 mmol, 84% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₉H₂₇BrN₃O₄: 440.1 (M+H⁺). Found: 440.2 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{[(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of(1-{2-[(4-bromo-benzoylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (104 mg, 0.24 mmol),[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (117 mg, 0.24 mmol) and aq K₃PO₄ (480 μl of a 2Msolution, 0.96 mmol) in DME (3 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (13.9 mg, 0.012mmol) then the reaction was heated to 80° C. overnight. After cooling toroom temperature, the reaction was concentrated and purified by reversephase preparative HPLC (15-60% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) toafford[1-(2-{[(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (26 mg, 0.036 mmol, 15% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.8 (s, 1H), 8.61 (m, 1H), 7.94-7.73 (m, 9H), 7.34 (d,1H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 5.08 (m, 1H), 4.23 (t, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.07 (t,1H), 4.01 (t, 1H), 4.07-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.70 (m, 1H),3.61 (m, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.16-1.81 (m, 10H), 0.90-0.84(m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₉H₅₂N₇O₇: 730.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 730.1(M+H⁺).

Example AD1

1-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylicacid: A mixture of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid methylester (2.00 g), 1.0M tetrabutylanunonium hydroxide in H₂O (13 ml) andtoluene (50 mL) was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. Mixturewas concentrated and co-evaporated with toluene (3×100 mL) and driedunder high vacuum. To the residue was added 4-Iodo-benzoic acid ethylester (2.40 g) and co-evaporated with toluene (2×20 mL). Copper iodide(0.829 g) and DMF (10 mL) were added and reaction mixture heated at 95°C. for 18 hours, protected from light. To the cooled reaction mixturewas added 3N ammonium hydroxide and extracted with dichloromethane (4×).Organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 5% methanol/dichloromethane+1%triethylamine) to give1-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid(1.155 g) as the triethylammonium salt: LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₁₅H₁₂NO₅:286.27 (M−H⁺). Found: 286.1 (M−H⁺).

1-(4-Carboxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid: To asolution of1-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid(1.155 g) in THF (20 mL) at 0° C. was added 5 M sodium hydroxide (1.19mL) and mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. Reactionmixture was acidified to pH 1 with concentrated HCl, producing aprecipitate. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with H₂O anddried under high vacuum to give1-(4-Carboxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid(0.7196 g). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₁₃H₈NO₅: 258.2 (M−H⁺). Found: 258.1(M−H⁺).

4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-1-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenyl]-1H-pyridin-2-one: Amixture of 1-(4-Carboxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylicacid (0.696 g) and oxalyl chloride (2.34 mL) in dichloromethane (20 mL)containing DMF (4 drops) was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours,then concentrated and co-evaporated with toluene (3×) and dried underhigh vacuum. The resulting residue was suspended in dichloromethane (10mL) at 0° C. and treated with 2.0 M trimethylsilyldiazomethane in ether(4.0 mL) over 15 minutes to give a brown mixture. Reaction mixture waswarmed to ambient temperature overnight and then concentrated. Theresulting brown solid was suspended in ethyl acetate (10 mL) and cooledto 0° C. 5.7 M HBr in acetic acid was added over 5 minutes and reactionmixture was warmed to ambient temperature over 1 hour. Solid sodiumbicarbonate (0.3 g) was added and stirred for 30 minutes. H₂O was addedgiving a biphasic mixture with a brown precipitate. The solid wasremoved by filtration and filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane(2×), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 30 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexanes) togive 4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-1-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenyl]-1H-pyridin-2-one(0.555 g). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₅H₁₂Br₂NO₃: 414.06 (M+H⁺). Found:411.9, 413.9, 415.8 (M+H⁺).

2-[5-(1-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-1-[4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenyl]-1H-pyridin-2-one (0.555g) Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (0.6 g) anddiisopropylethylamine (0.48 mL) in acetonitrile (10.8 mL) was stirredfor 2 hours at ambient temperature. Reaction mixture was diluted withethyl acetate, washed with brine and back-extracted with ethyl acetate.The combined organic layer was washed with diluted brine (2×), dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated to give a brown oil (1.034 g). LCMS-ESI⁻:calc'd for C₃₅H₄₂N₃O₁₁: 680.73 (M−H⁺). Found: 680.3 (M−H⁺). Residue wasdissolved in toluene (5.5 mL) and ammonium acetate (2.066 g) was added.The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours and thenconcentrated. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane anddilute sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous layer was extracted withdichloromethane containing methanol (3×) and the combined organic layerwas dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 0 to 15% methanol/dichloromethane) to give2-[5-(1-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.098 g). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₅H₄₄N₇O₅:642.76 (M+H⁺). Found: 642.1 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[1-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-(1-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.098 g) in dichloromethane (6.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (2.0 mL) for 90 minutes at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum.Residue was dissolved in DMF (2.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.055 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.099 mL), followed by HATU (0.116 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 90 minutes at ambient temperature and thenconcentrated. Residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed withdilute sodium bicarbonate solution. Aqueous layer back-extracted withdichloromethane and combined organic layer dried (MgSO₄), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100%ACN/H2O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give[1-(2-{5-[1-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.037 g): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.14 (s, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=8.4, 2H), 7.79 (d, J=7.2, 1H),7.63 (d, J=8.4, 2H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, H), 6.74 (d, J=8.4,1H), 5.13-5.10 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 8H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.40-2.01 (m,10H), 0.83-0.75 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₉H₅₀N₉O₇: 756.86(M+H⁺). Found: 756.3 (M+H⁺).

Example AE1

2-Benzyloxy-4-bromo-pyridine: A mixture of 4-Bromo-1H-pyridin-2-one(0.613 g), silver carbonate (0.63 g) and benzyl bromide (0.50 mL) inbenzene (10 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 24 hours, protected from light.Reaction mixture stirred ambient temperature for 16 hours. Reactionmixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE, which was washed ethylacetate. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 0 to 10% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give2-Benzyloxy-4-bromo-pyridine (0.6043 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₂H₁₁BrNO: 265.12 (M+H⁺). Found: 263.8, 265.8 (M+H⁺).

2-{5-[4-(2-Benzyloxy-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of 2-Benzyloxy-4-bromo-pyridine (0.292g),2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.533 g, prepared according to WO2008021927 A2)and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.064 g) in aq. K₂CO₃ solution/dimethoxyethane (1.82mL/5.0 mL) was heated at 80-90° C. for 8 hours. Reaction mixture wascooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give2-{5-[4-(2-Benzyloxy-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.530 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₀H₃₃N₄O₃: 497.6(M+H⁺). Found: 497.0 (M+H⁺).

2-[5-[4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To a solution of2-{5-[4-(2-Benzyloxy-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.530 g) in DMF (5.0 mL) at 0° C. was added 60%sodium hydride (0.047 g). After stirring for 5 minutes,2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxylmethyl chloride was added and reaction mixturestirred for 2 hours. Saturated ammonium chloride was added and mixturewas extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). Organic layer was washed with 5%lithium chloride solution (2×), brine and dried (MgSO₄). Concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethylacetate/hexanes) to give2-[5-[4-(2-Benzyloxy-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.495 g). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₆H₄₇N₄O₄Si:627.87 (M+H⁺). Found: 627.1 (M+H⁺). A mixture of2-[5-[4-(2-Benzyloxy-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.495 g) and 10% Pd/C (0.023 g) in ethanol (5.5mL) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere for 1 hour. Reaction mixturewas filtered through a pad of Celite, which was washed with methanol.The filtrate was concentrated and purifed by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 0 to 10% methanol/ethyl acetate) to give2-[5-[4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.3027 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₉H₄₁N₄O₄Si:537.47 (M+H⁺). Found: 537.0 (M+H⁺).

2-[4-(4-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To a solution of2-[5-[4-(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.3027 g) in ethanol (5.0 mL) was addedtetrabutylammonium hydroxide (0.375 mL of 1.5 M solution) and reactionmixture stirred for 1 hour, then concentrated to give a colorless oil.Residue was lyophilized from acetonitrile to give a yellow residue. Tothis residue was added2-[4-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.301 g, prepared by reacting2-(4-Bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (prepared according to WO2008021927 A2) with2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxylmethyl chloride using sodium hydride in DMF)and mixture co-evaporated with toluene (15 mL). DMF (1.0 mL) andcopper(I) iodide (0.035 g) were added and the reaction mixture wasstirred at 95° C. for 24 hour, protected from light. To the reactionmixture was added tetrabutylammonium iodide (50 mg) and reactioncontinued for 2 days. Added more2-[4-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.35 g) and copper(I) iodide (0.050 g) andreaction continued for 24 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled and dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with 3N ammonium hydroxide. The aqueouslayer was back-extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The combined organiclayer was washed with 3N ammonium hydroxide, H₂O, brine and dried(MgSO₄) then concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 0 to 10% isopropanol/hexane) to give impure product thatwas repurified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 25 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give2-[4-(4-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.042 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₇₂N₇O₇Si₂:903.28 (M+H⁺). Found: 902.2, 903.2 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[4-(4-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.042 g) in dichloromethane (1.0 mL) was treatedwith trifluoroacetic acid (0.3 mL) for 7 hours at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried for 1 hour under vacuum.Residue was dissolved in DMF (0.7 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.013 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.024 mL), followed by HATU (0.028 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 45 minutes at ambient temperature and then more4-methylmorpholine (0.024 mL) was added. Reaction continued for 30minutes, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodiumbicarbonate solution, brine and dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.077 mg): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(CD₃OD) δ: 8.48 (d, J=7.2, 1H), 7.96-7.80 (m, 6H), 7.64 (s, 1H),6.92-6.85 (m, 2H), 5.29-5.17 (m, 2H), 4.26-3.88 (m, 8H), 3.66 (s, 6H),2.60-2.01 (m, 12H), 0.83-0.75 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₃₉H₅₀N₉O₇: 756.86 (M+H⁺). Found: 756.3 (M+H⁺).

Example AF1

2-(4-Bromo-benzylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester: To a mixture of 4-Bromo-benzylamine (2.00 g), Boc-L-proline (2.01g), and 4-methylmorpholine (3.26 mL) in DMF (40 mL) was added HATU (3.48g). Reaction mixture was stirred for 45 minutes, then concentrated,diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 10:1 H₂O/saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. The aqueous layer was back-extracted withdichloromethane and the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 50to 100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give2-(4-Bromo-benzylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (3.38 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₇H₂₄BrN₂NaO₃: 405.29 (M+Na⁺).Found: 405.0 (M+Na⁺).

2-({4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl}-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: Amixture of 2-(4-Bromo-benzylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.257 g),2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.309 g, prepared according to WO2008021927 A2),NaHCO₃ (0.186 g) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.064 g) in H₂O (2.0 mL)/dimethoxyethane(6.0 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 16 hours. Reaction mixture was cooledand concentrated. Residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed withH₂O. Aqueous layer was back-extracted with dichloromethane and combinedorganic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) togive2-({4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl}-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.280g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₅H₄₆N₅O₅: 616.76 (M+H⁺). Found: 616.1(M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4′-({[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-({4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl}-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.280 g) in dichloromethane (5.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (3.0 mL) for 2 hours at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum togive a yellow powder (0.2548 g). Yellow powder (0.129 g) was dissolvedin DMF (2.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.090 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.136 mL), followed by HATU (0.192 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 90 minutes at ambient temperature and thenconcentrated. Residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed withdilute sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous layer was back-extractedwith dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give[1-(2-{5-[4′-({[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.089 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.40-8.37 (m, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H ), 7.83 (d,J=8.4, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.1, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=8.4, 2H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 3H),4.90-4.87 (m, 1H ), 4.35-4.28 (m, 3H), 4.03-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.90-3.80 (m,3H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.30-1.80 (m, 10H), 0.90 (d, J=6.9, 3H), 0.86 (d,J=6.3, 3H), 0.78 (d, J=6.6, 3H), 0.68 (d, J=6.9, 3H).

LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₃₉H₅₀N₇O₇: 728.86 (M−H⁺). Found: 728.2 (M−H⁺).

Example AG1

2-(6-Bromo-isoquinolin-1-yl carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: To a mixture of 6-Bromo-isoquinolin-1-ylamine (0.80g), Boc-L-proline (0.803 g), and 4-methylmorpholine (0.83 mL) in DMF (10mL) was added HATU (1.39 g). Reaction mixture was stirred for 6 hours.Additional Boc-L-proline (0.803 g), 4-methylmorpholine (0.83 mL) andHATU (1.39 g) were added and reaction stirred overnight at ambienttemperature and then concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with 10:1 H₂O/saturated sodium bicarbonate solution,5% lithium chloride solution, brine and dried (MgSO₄), concentrated andpurified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 70% ethylacetate/hexanes) to give 2-(6-Bromo-isoquinolin-1-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.74 g):LCMS-ESI^(F): calc'd for C₁₉H₂₃BrN₃O₃: 421.31 (M+H⁺). Found: 419.8,421.8 (M+H⁺).

2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-isoquinolin-1-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: A mixture2-(6-Bromo-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(0.426 g),2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.405 g, prepared according to WO2008021927 A2),and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.053 g) in 2M aq. K₂CO₃ (1.4 mL)/dimethoxyethane (3.0mL) was heated at 90° C. for 16 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled anddiluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 50to 100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-isoquinolin-1-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.272 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₇H₄₅N₆O₅:653.78 (M+H⁺). Found: 653.1 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(1-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-isoquinolin-6-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-isoquinolin-1-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.272 g) indichloromethane (5.0 mL) was treated with 4N HCl in dioxane (5.0 mL) for2 hours at ambient temperature. Reaction mixture was concentrated andsuspended in ethyl ether. The solid was collected by filtration, washedwith ethyl ether and dried overnight under vacuum to give a yellowpowder (0.2279 g). Yellow powder (0.1005 g) was dissolved in DMF (1.5mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.061 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.092 mL), followed by HATU (0.130 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and then dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution,brine and dried (MgSO₄). Organic layer was concentrated and purified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give[1-(2-{5-[4-(1-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-isoquinolin-6-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.093 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.30-8.15 (m, 2H), 8.13 (s,1H), 8.05-7.95 (m, 3H), 7.88 (d, J=8.7, 2H), 7.70 (d, J=8.4, 1H), 7.32(d, J=8.7, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.7, 1H), 5.10-5.05 (m, 1H), 4.70-4.65 (m,1H), 4.10-3.908 (m, 3H), 4.03-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.49 (s,6H), 2.39-1.80 (m, 10H), 0.90-0.70 (m, 12H): LCMS-ESI″: calc'd forC₄₁H₅₁N₈O₇: 767.89 (M+H⁺). Found: 767.2 (M+H⁺).

Example AH1

2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-ethanone:A mixture of 5,5-Dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid(10.85 g, prepared according to OL' Khouk et. Al. Russian J. Org. Chem.2006, 42(8) 1164-1168) and oxalyl chloride (31.11 mL) in dichloromethane(250 mL) containing DMF (0.2 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for6 hours. A small amount of solid material was removed by filtration andthe filtrate was concentrated to give a brown solid.

This brown solid was suspended in dichloromethane and cooled to 0° C. Tothis mixture was added 2.0M (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane in hexane (52.5mL) and warmed to ambient temperature over 16 hours. Reaction mixturewas concentrated providing a brown residue. The resulting brown residuewas suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL) and cooled to 0° C. 5.7MHydrobromic acid in acetic acid (15.3 mL) was added slowly and stirredfor 1 hour at 0° C., then 1 hour at ambient temperature. The reactionmixture was quenched with solid sodium bicarbonate and stirred for 30minutes Saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added, giving a brownprecipitate. The solid was collected, washed with H₂O, ethyl acetate anddried under vacuum to give2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-ethanoneas a brown solid (25 g): LCMS-ESI″: calc'd for C₁₆H₁₁Br₂O₄S: 459.12(M+H⁺). Found: no product mass observed.

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-tertbutyl-carbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-ethanone(25 g), Boc-L-proline (15.82 g) and diisopropylethylamine (12.6 mL) inacetonitrile (300 mL) was stirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and residue dissolved in ethylacetate, washed with brine and back-extracted with ethyl acetate (3×).The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) andpurified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 800% ethylacetate/hexanes) to give yellow foam (10 g). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₆H₄₁N₂O₁₂S: 725.79 (M−H⁺). Found: 725.1 (M−H⁺). A mixture of theyellow foam (7 g) and ammonium acetate (3.72 g) in xylenes (20 mL) wasstirred at 120° C. for 3.5 hours and then cooled. Diluted with ethylacetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueouslayer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×), then dichloromethanecontaining methanol (3×). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0to 5% methanol/ethyl acetate) to give2-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-butyl-carbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4.56 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₆H₄₃N₆O₆S:687.82 (M+H⁺). Found: 687.0 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(5-{7-[2-(1-tertbutyl-carbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4.56 g) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (50 mL) for 3 hours at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated, triturated with ethyl ether and theorange solid dried overnight under vacuum. A portion of this orangesolid (0.15 g) was dissolved in DMF (2.5 mL) and to this solution wasadded 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.187 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.13 mL), followed by HATU (0.184 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and then dilutedwith ethyl acetate, washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, 5%lithium chloride solution, brine dried (MgSO₄). Concentration andpurification by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) and lyophilization gave(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,5-dioxo-5H-5λ⁶-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.150 mg): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.40-8.14 (m, 8H), 7.33 (d, J=8.1, 2H), 5.13-5.10 (m, 2H),4.13-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.34-1.98 (m, 10H),0.85 (d, J=6.6, 6H), 0.81 (d, J=6.6, 6H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₀H₄₉N₈O₈S: 801.92 (M+H⁺). Found: 801.2 (M+H⁺).

Example AI1

2-{5-[4-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of 2,5-Dibromo-thiophene (4.93 g),2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.896 g, prepared according to WO2008021927 A2),and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.118 g) in 2M K₂CO₃ (3.06 mL)/dimethoxyethane (6.12 mL)was heated at 90° C. for 8 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled, dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 100% ethylacetate/hexanes) to give2-{5-[4-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.955 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₂H₂₅BrN₃O₂S:475.42 (M+H⁺). Found: 473.8, 475.9 (M+H⁺).

2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-{5-[4-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.4807 g), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.54 g),Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.058) and potassium acetate (0.257 g) in 1,4-dioxane washeated at 90° C. for 16 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled to ambienttemperatures and diluted with ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washedwith brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.3752 g) as a brown foam: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₈H₃₇BN₃O₄S: 522.48 (M+H⁺). Found: 521.9 (M+H⁺).

2-[5-(5-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.1050 g),2-(4-Bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (0.070 g, prepared according to WO2008021927 A2) and Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.012 g) in 2.0M sodium bicarbonate solution (0.33 mL) anddimethoxyethane (0.66 mL) was stirred under microwave irradiation at120° C. for 20 minutes. Reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate,washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) togive2-[5-(5-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.069 g) as a brown foam: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₃₄H₄₃N₆O₄S: 631.80 (M+H⁺). Found: 631.0 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-(5-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.069 g) in dichloromethane (3.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (3.0 mL) for 30 minutes at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum togive a reddish-brown solid (0.084 g). Residue was dissolved in DMF (1.0mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.053 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.083 mL), followed by HATU (0.113 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature then diluted withethyl acetate, washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, 5%lithium chloride solution, brine, then dried (MgSO₄). Concentration andpurification by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) and lyophilization gave[1-(2-{5-[4-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.040 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.81 (br s, 4H), 7.65-7.60(m, 1H), 7.45-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.402-7.30 (m, 21H), 5.20-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.10(q, J=6.9, 3H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.40-1.90 (m, 10H),0.90-0.76 (m, 12H): LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₃₈H₄₉N₈O₆S: 745.90 (M+H⁺).Found: 745.2 (M+H⁺).

Example AJ1

5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole and4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole: Toa solution of 5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazole (0.997 g) in DMF (15.0 mL)at 0° C. was added 60% sodium hydride (0.197 g). After stirring for 5minutes, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxylmethyl chloride (1.18 mL) was addedand reaction mixture stirred for 2 hours. Reaction mixture wasconcentrated, dissolved in ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with5% lithium chloride solution (2×), brine and dried (MgSO₄). Concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate/hexanes) to give a 1:1 mixture of5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole and4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole(0.89 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₅H₂₂BrN₂OSi: 354.33 (M+H⁺). Found: noproduct mass observed.

2-(5-{4′-[3-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and2-(5-{4′-[1-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of 1:1 mixture of5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole and4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole(0.145 g),2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.150 g, prepared according to WO2008021927 A2)and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.020 g) in aq. K₂CO₃ solution (0.51 mL)/dimethoxyethane(1.5 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 18 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled,diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give a 1:1 mixture2-(5-{4′-[3-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and2-(5-{4′-[1-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0998 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₃H₄₄N₅O₃Si:586.82 (M+H⁺). Found: 586.0 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4′-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A 1:1 mixture2-(5-{4′-[3-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and2-(5-{4′-[1-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0998 g) in dichloromethane (3.0 mL) was treatedwith trifluoroacetic acid (3.0 mL) for 18 hours at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated, co-evaporated with acetonitrile andpurified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) and concentrated to give a yellow film (0.087 g).Residue was dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.023 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.055 mL), followed by HATU (0.049 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature, diluted withethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, brineand dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by preparative reversephase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilizedto give[1-(2-{5-[4′-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.016 mg): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.05 (br s, 1H), 7.93-7.80 (m,8H), 7.32 (d, J=7.8, 1H), 5.20-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.05 (m, 1H),3.85-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.40-1.85 (m, 6H), 0.83 (d, J=7.2, 3H),0.80 (d, J=6.9, 3H): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₉H₃₃N₆O₃: 513.61 (M+H⁺).Found: 513.1 (M+H⁺).

Examples AK1 and AL1

2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: To a mixture of 4-Bromo-benzene-1,2-diamine (5.0 g),Boc-L-proline (6.0 g), and 4-methylmorpholine (5.88 mL) in DMF (100 mL)was added HATU (10.7 g). Reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours andthen concentrated. Residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washedwith 5% lithium chloride solution (2×), brine and dried (MgSO4),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 30to 60% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to a dark brown foam. Brown foam wasdissolved in ethanol (100 mL) and heated in a sealed tube at 110-130° C.for 2 days. Reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated. Residue wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and extracted with 1N HCl (3×). Aqueous layerwas basified with 50% NaOH solution to pH 10 and extracted with ethylacetate (2×). The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated andpurified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 10%isopropanol/hexanes) to give2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (6.5 g) as an off-white foam: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₆H₂₁BrN₃O₂: 367.26 (M+H⁺). Found: 365.8, 367.8 (M+H⁺).

2-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.257 g), 1,4-benzenediboronic acid, pinacol ester(1.158 g), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.041 g) and potassium carbonate (0.485 g) in H₂O(2.0 mL)/dimethoxyethane (5.0 mL) was heated in microvave at 120° C. for30 minutes. Reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with ethyl acetate,washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 70% ethyl acetate/hexanes) togive2-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.187 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₈H₃₇BN₃O₄:490.42 (M+H⁺). Found: 490.0 (M+H⁺).

2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.116 g),2-(5-Bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (0.112 g, prepared according to WO2008021927 A2) and Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.014 g) in 2.0M potassium carbonate solution (0.35 mL) anddimethoxyethane (1.0 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 6 hours. AdditionalPd(PPh₃)₄ (0.014 g) was added and reaction continued for 12 hours.Reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed withH₂O, brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 1 to 30% isopropanol/hexanes) andpreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) togive2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.035 g) as a bis-TFA salt: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₃₄H₄₃N₆O₄: 599.74 (M+H⁺). Found: 599.1 (M+H⁺). A reaction side-productwas also isolated and determined to be2-(6-{4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.013 g) as the bis-TFA salt: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₄₄H₄₉N₆O₄: 725.89. (M+H⁺). Found: 725.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.035 g) in dichloromethane (1.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL) for 1 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0155 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.023 mL), followed by HATU (0.033 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and then dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution,5% lithium chloride solution, brine and dried (MgSO₄). Organic layer wasconcentrated and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.0226 g).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.70 (m, 8H), 5.32 (t,J=6.9, 1H), 5.21 (t, J=6.9, 1H), 4.22 (dd, J=10.8, 6.9, 2H), 4.10-3.80(m, 4H), 3.61 (s, 6H), 2.65-1.80 (m, 10H), 0.950-0.80 (m, 12H):LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₃₈H₄₉N₈O₆: 713.84 (M+H⁺). Found: 713.3 (M+H⁺).

Example AL1

(1-{2-[6-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(6-{4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.013 g) in dichloromethane (1.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL) for 1 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0155 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.023 mL), followed by HATU (0.033 g). Afterstirring for 1 hour at ambient temperature, additional2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0155 g), HATU (0.033 g)were added followed by 4-methylmorpholine (0.023 mL). After stirring for30 minutes, reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washedwith dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, 5% lithium chloride solution,brine and dried (MgSO₄). Organic layer was concentrated and purified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[6-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.0106 g). ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(CD₃OD) δ: 8.00 (s, 2H), 7.90-7.70 (m, 14H), 5.40-5.35 (m, 2H), 4.28 (d,J=7.2, 2H), 4.15-3.85 (m, 5H), 3.67 (s, 6H), 2.65-2.06 (m, 10H), 0.95(d, J=6.6, 6H), 0.88 (d, J=6.6, 6H): LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₅N₈O₆:839.99 (M+H⁺). Found: 839.4 (M+H⁺).

Example AM1

2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-phenyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.058 g),2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.052 g) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.0069 g) in 2.0M potassiumcarbonate solution (0.18 mL) and dimethoxyethane (0.36 mL) was heated inmicrowave at 110° C. for 30 minutes, then at 120° C. for 60 minutes.Additional Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.069 g) was added and reaction was heatedconventially at 90° C. for 12 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled,diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 1to 20% isopropanol/hexanes) and preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini,5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) to give2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-phenyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0315 g) as a bis-TFA salt: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₃₈H₄₅N₆O₄: 649.79 (M+H⁺). Found: 649.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-phenyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0315 g) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL) for 1 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0128 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.023 mL), followed by HATU (0.027 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and additional4-methylmorpholine (0.023 mL) was added. After stirring for 30 minutes,reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with dilutesodium bicarbonate solution, 5% lithium chloride solution, brine anddried (MgSO₄). Organic layer was concentrated and purified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.0263 g). ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(CD₃OD) δ: 8.00 (s, 2H), 7.90-7.70 (m, 8H), 5.40-5.35 (m, 2H), 4.28 (d,J=7.2, 2H), 4.15-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.67 (s, 6H), 2.65-2.06 (m, 10H), 0.95(d, J=6.6, 6H), 0.88 (d, J=6.6, 6H): LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₄₂H₅₁N₈O₆:763.90 (M+H⁺). Found: 763.3 (M+H⁺).

Example AN1

2-[6-(5-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.110 g),2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.115 g) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.012 g) in 2.0M potassiumcarbonate solution (0.32 mL) and dimethoxyethane (0.64 mL) was heated inmicrowave at 110° C. for 30 minutes. Reaction mixture was cooled,diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 50to 100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) and preparative reverse phase HPLC(Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) to give2-[6-(5-{4-[2-(1-Formyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.085 g) as a bis-TFA salt: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₃₈H₄₅N₆O₄S: 681.86 (M+H⁺). Found: 681.0 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{6-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-[6-(5-{4-[2-(1-Formyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.085 g) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (2.0 mL) for 1.5 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.033 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.060 mL), followed by HATU (0.070 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 45 minutes at ambient temperature and reactionmixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodiumbicarbonate solution, 5% lithium chloride solution, brine and dried(MgSO₄). Organic layer was concentrated and purified by preparativereverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product waslyophilized to give[1-(2-{6-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.048 mg): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.09 (br s, 1H), 7.90-7.75 (m, 8H), 7.70-7.55 (m, 4H), 7.34(d, J=8.1, 2H), 5.25-5.10 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 4H), 4.15-3.85 (m, 4H),3.54 (s, 6H), 2.50-1.85 (m, 10H), 0.87-0.75 (m, 12H): LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'dfor C₄₂H₅₁N₈O₆S: 795.96 (M+H⁺). Found: 795.2 (M+H⁺).

Example AO1

2-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.450 g), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.655 g),PdCl₂(dppf) (0.050 g) and potassium acetate (0.314 g) in 1,4-dioxane washeated at 90° C. for 16 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled to ambienttemperatures and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer waswashed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 30 to 70% ethyl acetate/hexanes) togive 2-[6-(4,4,5,5-.Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.452 g) as an off-white foam: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₂₂H₃₃BN₃O₄: 414.32 (M+H⁺). Found: 414.0 (M+H⁺).

2-(6-{5-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-thiophen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.149 g), 2,5-Dibromo-thiophene (0.035 g) andPdCl₂(dppf)₂ (0.006 g) in 2.0M potassium carbonate solution (0.36 mL)and dimethoxyethane (1.0 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 18 hours.Additional 2M potassium carbonate solution (0.36 mL) and PdCl₂(dppf)(0.006 g) was added and reaction was continued for 48 hours. Reactionmixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄), concentrated and purified using preparative reverse phase HPLC(Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) to give2-(6-{5-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-thiophen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0475 g) as a bis-TFA salt: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₃₆H₄₃N₆O₄S: 655.82 (M+H⁺). Found: 655.0 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[6-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-(6-{5-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-thiophen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0475 g) in dichloromethane (1.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL) for 1.5 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0196 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.035 mL), followed by HATU (0.042 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and additional4-methylmorpholine (0.023 mL) was added. After stirring for 30 minutes,reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with dilutesodium bicarbonate solution, 5% lithium chloride solution, brine anddried (MgSO₄). Organic layer was concentrated and purified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[6-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.0296 g): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 7.91 (s, 2H), 7.71 (s, 4H), 7.61 (s, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=9.0,2H), 5.25-5.15 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.00 (m, 4H), 3.95-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s,6H), 2.25-1.85 (m, 10H), 0.83 (d, J=6.6, 6H), 0.79 (d, J=6.9, 6H);LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₄₀H₄₉N₈O₆S: 769.92 (M+H⁺). Found: 769.2 (M+H⁺).

Example AP1

2-(6-{6-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.170 g), 2,6-Dibromo-naphthalene (0.047 g) andPd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0095 g) in 2.0M potassium carbonate solution (0.41 mL) anddimethoxyethane (0.8 mL) was heated in microwave at 110° C. for 40minutes. Reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washedwith brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give2-(6-{6-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0961 g) as a yellow film: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₂H₄₇N₆O₄: 699.85 (M+H⁺). Found: 699.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[6-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-(6-{6-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0961 g) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL) for 1 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1.1 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0501 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.091 mL), followed by HATU (0.107 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature, diluted withethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, 5%lithium chloride solution, brine and dried (MgSO₄). Organic layer wasconcentrated and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[6-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.035 mg): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.33 (s, 2H), 8.18-8.01 (m, 4H), 7.95-7.80 (m, 5H), 7.35(d, J=8.70, 2H), 5.25-5.15 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.00 (m, 4H), 3.95-3.75 (m,4H), 3.55 (s, 6H), 2.55-1.90 (m, 10H), 0.84 (d, J=6.6, 6H), 0.79 (d,J=6.9, 6H); LCMS-EST: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₃N₈O₆: 813.96 (M+H⁺). Found: 813.3(M+H⁺).

Example AQ1

2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: A mixture of 4-Bromo-benzamidine (0.202 g) andpotassium carbonate (0.237 g) in H₂O (0.286 mL) and THF (1.1 mL) washeated to 65° C. 2-(2-Chloro-acetyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.106 g) in THF (0.7 mL) was added over 1 hour andreaction mixture heated at 65° C. for 18 hours. Reaction mixture wasconcentrated to ˜0.5 mL and extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic layerwas washed with H₂O, brine and dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purifiedby flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethylacetate/hexanes) to give2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.075 g) as an orange film: LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₁₈H₂₃BrN₃O₂: 393.30 (M+H⁺). Found: 391.8, 393.83 (M+H⁺).

4-[2-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester]-phenylboronic acid: A mixture of2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.075 g), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.102 g), Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.011 g) and potassium acetate (0.049 g) in 1,4-dioxane (1.5 mL) washeated at 100° C. for 16 hours. More Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.011 g) was added andthe reaction was continued for 24 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled toambient temperatures and diluted with ethyl acetate. Organic layer waswashed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give4-[2-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester]-phenylboronic acid (0.027 g) as a white powder: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₁₈H₂₅BN₃O₄: 357.21 (M+H⁺). Found: 357.9 (M+H⁺).

2-(2-{4′-[5-(1-tert-butyl-carbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of4-[2-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester]-phenylboronic acid (0.0098 g),2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.0118 g) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0012 g) in 2.0M potassiumcarbonate solution (0.031 mL) and dimethoxyethane (0.8 mL) was heated at90° C. for 18 hours. PdCl₂(dppf) (0.003 g) was added and reactionmixture was heated at 100° C. for 18 hours. Reaction mixture was cooled,diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified using preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini,5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give2-(2-{4′-[5-(1-tert-butyl-carbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0018 g) as a white powder: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₃₆H₄₅N₆O₄: 624.77 (M+H⁺). Found: 625.0 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[2-(4′-{5-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-(2-{4′-[5-(1-tert-butyl-carbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0018 g) in dichloromethane (0.5 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (0.5 mL) for 1 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (0.4 mL) and to this solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0008 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.0024 mL), followed by HATU (0.0016 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1.5 hour at ambient temperature, then purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[2-(4′-{5-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a mixture of diastereomers of the bis-TFA salt(0.0017 g): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 8.10-7.95 (m, 8H), 7.55-7.40 (m,2H), 5.25-5.15 (m, 2H), 4.20-3.65 (m, 6H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 2.40-1.90 (m,10H), 1.05-0.85 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₄₀H₅₁N₈O₆: 739.88(M+H⁺). Found: 739.3 (M+H⁺).

Example AR1

2-(2-{4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of4-[2-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester]-phenylboronic acid (0.0177 g),2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.0148 g) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0022 g), PdCl₂(dppf)(0.0016 g) in 2.0M potassium carbonate solution (0.056 mL) anddimethoxyethane (0.8 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 18 hours. Reactionmixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄), concentrated and purified using preparative reverse phase HPLC(Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H2O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give2-(2-{4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0066 g) as a white powder: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₃₆H₄₅N₆O₄: 624.77 (M+H⁺). Found: 625.0 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{5-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-(2-{4′-[2-(1-tert-butylcarbamyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.0066 g) in dichloromethane (0.5 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (0.5 mL) for 1 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (0.4 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.0028 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.012 mL), followed by HATU (0.006 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature, then purified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(4′-{5-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a mixture of diastereomers of the bis-TFA salt(0.0081 g): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 8.05-7.80 (m, 9H), 7.55-7.40 (m,1H), 5.25-5.15 (m, 2H), 4.20-3.65 (m, 6H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 2.55-1.95 (m,10H), 1.05-0.85 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₄₀H₅₁N₈O₆: 739.88(M+H⁺). Found: 739.3 (M+H⁺).

Example AS1

2-(6-{4′-[2-(2-tert-butylcarbamyl-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.142 g),3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.1013 g) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.014 g) in 2.0Mpotassium carbonate solution (0.036 mL) and dimethoxyethane (0.8 mL) washeated in microwave at 110° C. for 30 minutes. Reaction mixture wasdiluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and purified using preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini,5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give2-(6-{4′-[2-(2-tert-butylcarbamyl-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.128 g) as a white powder: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₂H₄₉N₆O₄: 701.87 (M+H⁺). Found: 701.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[6-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-(6-{4′-[2-(2-tert-butylcarbamyl-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.128 g) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) was treatedwith 4N HCl in dioxane (1.0 mL) for 1 hour at ambient temperature.Reaction mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (2.0 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.050 g),4-methylmorpholine (0.090 mL), followed by HATU (0.106 g). Reactionmixture was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature. Additional4-methylmorpholine (0.090 mL) was added and reaction mixture stirred for1 hour. Reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed withdilute sodium bicarbonate solution, 5% lithium chloride solution, brineand dried (MgSO₄), then concentrated and purified by preparative reversephase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilizedto(1-{2-[6-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.080 g): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(CD₃OD) δ: 8.05-7.70 (m, 13H), 7.35-7.25 (m, 2H), 5.25-5.15 (m, 1H),4.67 (s, 1H), 4.43 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.51(s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.45 (m, 14H), 0.95-0.75 (m, 12H);LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₅N₈O₆: 815.97 (M+H⁺). Found: 815.3 (M+H⁺).

Example AT1

5-Formyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethylester: 5-Formyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-ethyl ester was prepared according to: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60,5011-5015.

5-[(tert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester: Sodium triacetoxyborohydride(2.08 g, 9.86 mmol) was added to a solution of5-formyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethylester (891 mg, 3.29 mmol) and glycine t-butyl ester (1.65 g, 9.86 mmol)in dichloromethane (20 mL) over 2 minutes—a small amount of gasevolution was observed. After 1 hour the reaction was quenched withsaturated ammonium chloride (5 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (3×25 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography with methanoland dichloromethane as the eluant at a gradient of 0-10%. The fractionscontaining product were combined and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure to provide5-[(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester (601 mg, 1.55 mmol, 47%).C₁₉H₃₄N₂O₆ calculated 386.2, observed [M+1]⁺387.2; rt=1.61 min.

5-[(tert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl-methoxycarbonyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester: Methyl chloroformate (0.065 mL,0.85 mmol) was added to a solution of5-[(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester (300 mg, 0.77 mmol) and4-methylmorpholine (0.12 mL, 1.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) at 0°C. After 15 minutes the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (30 mL)and washed with water (15 mL), saturated ammonium chloride (15 mL) andsaturated sodium chloride (15 mL). The organic phase was dried oversodium sulfate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure toprovide5-[(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl-methoxycarbonyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester (304 mg, 0.68 mmol, 88%).C₂₁H₃₆N₂O₈ calculated 444.3, observed [M+1]⁺445.3; rt=2.58 min.

5-[(Carboxymethyl-methoxycarbonyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid ethyl ester:5-[(tert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl-methoxycarbonyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-ethyl ester (304 mg, 0.68 mmol) was added to asolution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane (4N, 15 mL). After 16 hours thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting residue wasazeotroped with toluene to provide5-[(carboxymethyl-methoxycarbonyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid ethyl ester (224 mg)—assumed 100% yield.

4-Oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 6-ethylester 2-methyl ester: HATU (390 mg, 1.03 mmol) was added to solution of5-[(carboxymethyl-methoxycarbonyl-amino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid ethyl ester (187 mg, 0.68 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine (375 μL, 3.4mmol) in dimethylformamide (30 mL). After 50 minutes the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was taken up inethyl acetate (20 mL) which was washed with half saturated sodiumchloride (2×10 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×10 mL) and driedover sodium sulfate. The aqueous phase also contained product. The waterwas removed under reduced pressure and the residue was azeotroped withtoluene and then stirred with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The mixture wasfiltered and combined with the organic extracts. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the resulting residue was subjected to flashchromatography with eluent of (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) andhexane. The product-containing fractions were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure to provide4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 6-ethylester 2-methyl ester (141 mg, 0.52 mmol, 76%). C₁₂H₁₈N₂O₅ calculated270.1, observed [M+1]⁺271.1; rt=1.54 min.

The Following (Ester Hydrolysis) Constitutes an Example of Method 801

4-Oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 2-methylester: A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (16.8 mg, 0.38 mmol)in water (0.5 mL) was added to a solution of4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 6-ethylester 2-methyl ester (86 mg, 0.32 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) andtetrahydrofuran (1 mL). After 2 hours, an aqueous solution of hydrogenchloride (1N, 0.41 mL, 0.41 mmol) was added and the organic solventswere removed under reduced pressure. The resulting aqueous solution waslyophilized for 16 hours to give4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 2-methylester. A yield of 100% was assumed for the subsequent step. C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₅calculated 242.1, observed [M+1]⁺ 242.9, [M+1]⁻ 241.1; rt=1.54 min.

The Following Three Steps (Amide Formation, Imidazole Cyclization andSuzuki Coupling) Constitute an Example of Method 802

6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester: A solution of4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 2-methylester (81 mg, 0.33 mmol), HATU (152 mg, 0.40 mmol), and 4-methylmorpholine (146 μL, 1.33 mmol) in dimethylformamide (4 mL) was stirredat ambient temperature for 5 minutes.2-Amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone hydrochloride (91 mg, 0.37 mmol) wasadded to the reaction mixture. After 1 hour the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the resulting residue was taken up in ethylacetate (10 mL). The resulting mixture contained a solid and wasfiltered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure from thefiltrate. The resulting residue was subjected to flash chromatographywith eluent of (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide6-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester (110 mg, 0.25 mmol, 75%). C₁₈H₂₀BrN₃O₅ calculated437.1observed [M+1]⁺ 438.1; rt=1.82 min.

6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester: A mixture of6-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester (110 mg, 0.25 mmol), ammonium acetate (193 mg, 2.5mmol) and xylenes (8 mL) was heated to 130° C. After 1 hour the mixturewas cooled and the xylenes were removed under reduced pressure.Dichloromethane was added to the resulting residue and the mixture wasfiltered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure from thefiltrate and the resulting residue was subjected to flash chromatographywith eluent of (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide6-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester (65 mg, 0.15 mmol, 60%). C₁₈H₁₉BrN₄O₃ calculated 418.1observed [M+1]⁺419.1; rt=1.50 min.

6-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester: A mixture of6-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester (65 mg, 0.15 mmol),[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (77 mg, 0.15 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (18 mg, 0.015 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (42.8 mg, 0.31 mmol), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (4 mL) and water (1mL) was heated in a microwave reactor at 120° C. for 20 minutes. Themixture was cooled and all volatiles were removed under reducedpressure. The resulting residue was taken up in dimethylformamide (2 mL)and subjected to reverse phase chromatography with an eluent of 0.1% TFAin water and 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. The product-containing fractionswere combined and the solvent was removed by lyophilization to provide6-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester (16.8 mg, 0.024 mmol, 15%). C₃₈H₄₄BrN₈O₆ calculated708.3 observed [M+1]⁺ 709.4; rt=1.39 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.10 (s, 2H),7.89 (m, 7H), 7.33 (d, J=9 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (m,1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (m, 2H),3.83 (m, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.54 (m, 3H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.41 (m, 1H),2.18 (m, 2H), 2.01 (m, 4H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 0.82 (m, 6H).

Example AU1

(2-Oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester:4-Methylmorpholine (4.73 mL, 43.0 mmol) was added to a suspension ofR-5-amino-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-pentanoic acid (5 g, 21.5 mmol) andHATU (9 g, 23.6 mmol) in dimethylformamide (100 mL). After 2 hours thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. Saturated sodium bicarbonate(100 mL) was added to the residue and the resulting mixture wasextracted with dichloromethane (3×75 mL). The combined organic extractswere washed with saturated sodium chloride (50 mL), dried over sodiumsulfate and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure andthe residue was subjected to flash chromatography with eluent of (10%methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. The product-containing fractionswere combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure toprovide (R)-(2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (3 g,14.0 mmol, 66%). C₁₀H₁₈N₂O₃ calculated 214.1 observed [M+1]⁺ 215.2;rt=1.73 min.

R-(3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-acetic acid benzylester: A solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.0 M, 16.8 mL,16.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise to a solution ofR-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (3 g, 14.0 mmol)in tetrahydrofuran in a dry flask under an atmosphere of nitrogen. After30 minutes bromo-acetic acid benzyl ester (2.41 mL, 15.4 mmol) was addeddropwise. After an additional 30 minutes the mixture was quenched withsaturated ammonium chloride (30 mL). The aqueous phase was extractedwith ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washedwith saturated sodium chloride (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate.The mixture was filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was subjected to flash chromatography with eluentof ethyl acetate and hexane. The product-containing fractions werecombined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide(R)-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-acetic acid benzylester (2.31 g, 6.37 mmol, 45%). C₁₉H₂₆N₂O₅ calculated 362.2 observed[M+1]⁺ 363.1; rt=2.40 min.

The Following (Benzyl Ester Cleavage) Constitutes and Example of Method803

(R)-(3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-acetic acid:Palladium on carbon (10%, 500 mg) was added to a solution of(R)-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-acetic acid benzylester (2.31 g, 6.37 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL). The atmosphere wasreplaced with hydrogen and maintained with a balloon filled withhydrogen and the above mixture was vigorously stirred. After 16 hoursthe hydrogen was removed and CELITE was added to the mixture withstirring and then the mixture was filtered though a pad of CELITE. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting residue wasazeotroped with toluene to provide(R)-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-acetic acid (1.65g, 6.06 mmol, 95%). C₁₂H₂₀N₂O₅ calculated 272.3 observed [M+1]⁺ 271.2;rt=1.80 min.

(R)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester:(R)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester wasprepared by Method 802 substituting(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-acetic acid for4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 2-methylester. C₄₀H₅₀N₈O₆ calculated 738.4 observed [M+1]⁺ 739.5; rt=1.83 min;¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=11.82 (s, 1H), 7.79 (m, 4H), 7.64 (m, 4H), 7.47 (s, 1H),7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (m, 1H), 4.62 (d,J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.77 (m, 1H),3.50 (s, 2H), 3.1 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 4H),1.74 (m, 3H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 0.850 (m, 6H).

(S)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester:(S)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester wasprepared following the method described above. C₄₀H₅₀N₈O₆ calculated738.4 observed [M+1]⁺ 739.5; rt=1.80 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.09 (s, 1H),7.90 (m, 8H), 7.30 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.09(t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (m, 2H), 3.82 (m, 2H), 3.51 (s, 2H), 3.43 (t,J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 2.14-1.86 (series m, 9H), 1.34 (s, 9H),0.810 (m, 6H).

The Following (Boc Deportation) Constitutes an Example of Method 804(R)-{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-Amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

A solution of hydrogen chloride (4N, 8 mL) in dioxane was added to asolution of(R)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (175 mg,0.24 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL). After 1 hour the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was placed on ahigh vacuum for 1 hour to provide(R)-{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester. The yield was assumed to be 100% percent. A samplesuitable for analysis was obtained by subjection to reverse phasechromatography with an eluent of 0.1% TFA in water and 0.1% TFA inacetonitrile. The product-containing fractions were combined and thesolvent was removed by lyophilization. C₃₅H₄₂N₈O₄ calculated 638.3observed [M+1]⁺ 639.4; rt=1.41 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.33 (m, 1H), 8.12(m, 1H), 7.99 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 6H), 7.26 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (m, 2H), 4.09 (t J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.09-3.82 (series m,6H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.96 (m, 4H), 0.76 (m, 6H).

(S)-{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-Amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:(S)-{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-Amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following the method used for the(R)-isomer with the appropriate substitution described above. C₃₅H₄₂N₈O₄calculated 638.3 observed [M+1]⁺ 639.5; rt=1.39 min ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.32(m, 2H), 7.91 (m, 8H), 7.27 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),4.79 (m, 3H), 4.09 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (m, 4H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.45(m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.32 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, 6H), 0.78(m, 6H).

The Following Two Steps (Carbamate Formation and Imidazole Deprotection)Constitute an Example of Method 805

(R)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid methyl ester:4-Methylmorpholine (71 μL, 0.64 mmol) was added to a suspension of(R)-{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (137 mg, 0.21 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL). Methylchloroformate (16.5 μL, 0.21 mmol) was added to the resulting solution.After 20 minutes the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was taken up in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) and methanol (2 mL) andan aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2 N, 1 mL) was added. After 2hours the organic solvents were removed under reduced pressure and theaqueous phase was decanted. The residue was taken up indimethylformamide (2 mL) and subjected to reverse phase chromatographywith an eluent of 0.1% TFA in water and 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedby lyophilization to provide(R)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (46.7 mg, 0.67 mmol, 32%). C₃₇H₄₄N₈O₆ calculated 696.3observed [M+1]⁺ 697.4; rt=1.58 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6,): δ=8.05 (s, 1H), 7.87(m, 8H) 7.30 (m, 1H), 5.10 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H),4.53 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.81 (m, 2H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.50(s, 3H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.78 (series m, 8H), 0.78 (m, 6H).

(S)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:(S)-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following the method described above forthe (R) isomer with the appropriate substitution. C₃₇H₄₄N₈O₆ calculated696.3 observed [M+1]⁺ 697.4; rt=1.54 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.03 (m, 1H),7.86 (m, 8H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 5.10 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J=16.8 Hz,1H), 4.52 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.80 (m, 3H), 3.51 (s, 3H),3005 (s, 3H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 2.14-1.78 (series m, 9H), 0.78 (m, 6H).

Example AV1

{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxo-octahydro-indolizin-6-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester:{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxo-octahydro-indolizin-6-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester was prepared following method 802 substituting6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-5-oxo-octahydro-indolizine-3-carboxylic acidfor 4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid2-methyl ester. C₄₂H₅₂N₈O₆ calculated 764.4 observed [M+1]⁺ 765.5;rt=1.86 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=7.89 (m, 8H), 7.33 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 6.88(m, 1H), 5.12 (m, 2H), 4.09 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.45 (series m,4H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, 8H), 1.79 (m, 3H), 1.37 (s,9H), 0.81 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, J=17.2 Hz, 6H).

Example AW1

{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxo-octahydro-indolizin-6-yl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxo-octahydro-indolizin-6-yl}-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following method 804 followed by method805, substituting{3-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxo-octahydro-indolizin-6-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester for{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester in method 804, and substituting{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(6-Amino-5-oxo-octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester for{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester in method 805. C₃₉H₄₆N₈O₆ calculated 722.4 observed[M+1]⁺ 723.4; rt=1.62 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.10 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, 8H),7.31 (m, 2H), 5.12 (m, 2H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m 2H), 3.74 (m, 1H),3.53 (s, 6H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 3H), 2.05 (m, 5H), 1.82 (m 3H),0.81 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, J=17.6 Hz, 6H).

Example AX1

[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A mixture of[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1 g,3.2 mmol),[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.57 g, 3.2 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (183 mg, 0.15 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (878 mg, 6.5 mmol), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (25 mL) and water (2.5mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled and allvolatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue wastaken up in dichloromethane (100 mL) and washed with water (25 mL) andsaturated sodium chloride (25 mL). The organic phase was dried oversodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was subjected to flash chromatography witheluent of (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (869 mg, 1.4 mmol, 44%).

C₃₃H₄₁N₅O₆ calculated 603.3 observed [M+1]⁺ 604.3; rt=2.01 min. ¹H(DMSO-d6): δ=11.82 (s, 1H), 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.84 (m 4H), 7.72 (m, 2H),7.56 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 5.08 (m,1H), 4.46 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (m, 1H), 3.80 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H),2.14 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 0.86 (dd, J=6.9 Hz, J=15.9 Hz, 6H).

[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-Amino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-Amino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared using method 804 substituting[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester for{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester. C₂₈H₃₃N₅O₄ calculated 503.3 observed [M+1]⁺504.2; rt=1.42 min.

Example AY1

2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-4-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-butyric acidbenzyl ester: 4-Methylmorpholine (9.77 mL, 88.9 mmol) was added to asuspension of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-pentanedioic acid 1-benzylester (6 g, 17.7 mmol), and HATU (8.11 g, 21.3 mmol) indimethylformamide (20 mL). After 5 minutes N,O-dimethylhydroxylaminehydrochloride (2.60 g, 26.7 mmol), was added to the solution. After 1hour the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wastaken up in ethyl acetate (150 mL), and washed with water (100 mL),aqueous hydrogen chloride (0.5 N, 2×100 mL), saturated sodiumbicarbonate (100 mL), and saturated sodium chloride (100 mL). Theorganic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to flashchromatography with eluent of ethyl acetate and hexane. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to yield2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-butyric acidbenzyl ester (6.8 g, 17.8 mmol, 99%). C₁₉H₂₈N₂O₆ calculated 380.2observed [M+1]⁺ 381.2; rt=2.48 min.

2,2-bis(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-4-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-butyricacid benzyl ester: Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (4.20 g, 19.6 mmol) wasadded to a solution of2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-butyric acidbenzyl ester (6.8 g, 17.8 mmol) and dimethylamino pyridine (436 mg, 3.5mmol) in acetonitrile (40 mL). After 16 hours starting material remainedand di-tert-Butyl dicarbonate (4.20 g, 19.6 mmol) was added again. After6 days the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wastaken up in ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with water (2×100 mL) andsaturated ammonium chloride (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate andfiltered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas subjected to flash chromatography with eluent of ethyl acetate andhexane. The product-containing fractions were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure to yield2,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-butyricacid benzyl ester (8.2 g, 17.0 mmol, 95%). C₂₄H₃₆N₂O₆ calculated 480.3observed [M+1]⁺ 481.1; rt=2.83 min.

2,2-bis(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-pentanoic acid benzyl ester: Asolution of DIBAL (1.0 M, 14.7 mL, 14.7 mmol) in hexane was addeddropwise to a solution of2,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-butyricacid benzyl ester (4 g, 10.5 mmol) under an atmosphere of nitrogen at−78° C. After 2 hours the mixture was quenched with saturated ammoniumchloride (30 mL) and allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (20 mL)was added, and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (3×50 mL).The combined organic phases were left to stand at room temperature for15 minutes. The resulting thick gel was filtered through a pad ofCELITE. The filtrate was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide2,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-pentanoic acid benzyl ester(3.34 g, 7.9 mmol, 75%). This was used immediately in the next step.

2,2-bis(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-5-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylamino)-pentanoicacid benzyl ester: Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (5 g, 23.5 mmol) wasadded to a solution of 2,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-pentanoicacid benzyl ester (3.34 g, 7.9 mmol) and alanine ethyl esterhydrochloride (3.62 g, 23.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL). After 1hour saturated ammonium chloride (10 mL) was added and the mixture wasstirred for 5 minutes. The aqueous phase was extracted withdichloromethane (2×15 mL), and the combined organic phases were driedover sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The resulting residue was subjected to flash chromatographywith eluent of (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide2,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylamino)-pentanoicacid benzyl ester (1.7 g, 3.3 mmol, 41%). C₂₇H₄₂N₂O₈ calculated 522.3observed [M+1]⁺523.3; rt=2.08 min.

2,2-bis(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-5-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylamino)-pentanoicacid:2,2-bis(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-5-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylamino)-pentanoicacid was prepared using method 803, substituting2,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylamino)-pentanoicacid benzyl ester for(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-acetic acid benzylester. C₂₀H₃₆N₂O₈ calculated 432.3 observed [M+1]⁺433.1; rt=1.73 min.

2-[3,3-bis(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl]-propionicacid ethyl ester

HATU (1.72 g, 4.5 mmol) was added to a solution of2,2-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylamino)-pentanoicacid (1.31 g, 3.0 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine in dimethylformamide (50mL). After 30 minutes the solvent was removed under reduced pressure andthe residue was subjected to flash chromatography with eluent of ethylacetate and hexane. The product-containing fractions were combined andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide2-[3,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl]-propionicacid ethyl ester (1.11 g, 2.6 mmol, 86%). C₂₀H₃₄N₂O₇ calculated 414.2observed [M+1]⁺415.2; rt=2.77 min.

2-(3-Amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester:2-(3-Amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester was preparedusing method 804 substituting2-[3,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl]-propionicacid ethyl ester for{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester. C₁₀H₁₈N₂O₃ calculated 214.2 observed [M+1]⁺215.2;rt=1.21 min.

The Following (Carbamate Formation) Constitutes an Example of Method 806

2-(3-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid ethylester: Methyl chloroformate (192 μL, 2.5 mmol) was added to a solutionof 2-(3-amino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (353 mg,1.6 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine (907 μL, 8.24 mmol) in dichloromethane(10 mL). After 15 minutes the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane(20 mL) and washed with water (10 mL), and aqueous hydrogen chloride(0.5 N, 10 mL). The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate andfiltered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide2-(3-methoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid ethylester (332 mg, 1.2 mmol, 75%). C₁₂H₂₀N₂O₅ calculated 272.1 observed[M+1]⁺273.0; rt=1.82 min.

2-(3-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid:2-(3-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid wasprepared by method 801 substituting2-(3-methoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid ethylester for 4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid6-ethyl ester 2-methyl ester. C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₅ calculated 244.1 observed[M+1]⁺245.1; rt=1.53 min.

(1-{1-[2-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-ethyl}-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of2-(3-methoxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-propionic acid (48.5 mg,0.20 mmol), HATU (91 mg, 0.24 mmol), and 4-methylmorpholine (109 μL,0.99 mmol) in dimethylformamide (5 mL) was stirred at ambienttemperature for 5 minutes.[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-Amino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture.After 40 minutes the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresulting residue was taken up in ethyl acetate (10 mL). The resultingmixture contained a solid and was subjected to flash chromatography witheluent of (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane followed by 30%methanol in DCM. The product-containing fractions were combined and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide(1-{1-[2-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-ethyl}-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (149 mg, 0.20 mmol, 99%). C₃₈H₄₇N₇O₈ calculated 729.4observed [M+1]⁺730.6; rt=1.78 min.

(1-{1-[4-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A mixture of ammonium acetate (157 mg, 2.0 mmol),(1-{1-[2-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-ethyl}-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (149 mg, 0.20 mmol) and xylenes (20 mL) was heated at130° C. for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was taken up in dichloromethane (15 mL) and filtered. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up indimethylformamide (2 mL) and subjected to reverse phase chromatographywith an eluent of 0.1% TFA in water and 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedby lyophilization to provide(1-{1-[4-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (20.5 mg, 0.029 mmol, 15%). C₃₈H₄₆N₈O₆ calculated710.4 observed [M+1]⁺711.4; rt=1.59 min.

¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.10 (m, 1H), 7.88 (m, 8H), 7.33 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.33(m, 1H), 5.12 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (m, 1H),3.54 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.26-1.74 (series m, 8H), 1.63(d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 0.81 (dd, J=6.9 Hz, J=13.2 Hz, 6H).

Example AZ1

2,6-Dioxo-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: A suspension of(tert-butoxycarbonyl-carboxymethyl-amino)-acetic acid (5 g, 21.4 mmol)and DCC (4.85 g, 23.6 mmol) in dichloromethane was stirred for 16 hours.The mixture was filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrateto provide 2,6-dioxo-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (4.86g, 21.0 mmol, 99%).

({[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-aceticacid: 2,6-Dioxo-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.5 g,11.6 mmol) was added to a solution of2-amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone hydrochloride (3.05 g, 12.2 mmol)and 4-methylmorpholine (1.92 mL, 17.4 mmol) in dimethylformamide (15mL). After 30 min the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was taken up in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (50mL), aqueous hydrogen chloride (0.5 N, 2×50 mL), and saturated sodiumbicarbonate (2×50 mL). The basic extracts were neutralized and extractedwith ethyl acetate (2×75 mL). The combined organic phases from thesecond extraction were dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide({[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-aceticacid (4 g, 9.3 mmol, 80%). C₁₇H₂₁BrN₂O₆ calculated 428.0 observed[M+1]⁺431.1; rt=2.36 min.

2-[2-({[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid methyl ester: 4-Methylmorpholine (4.1 mL, 37.3 mmol) was added to asuspension of({[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-aceticacid (4 g, 9.3 mmol), and HATU (4.61 g, 12.1 mmol) in dimethylformamide(25 mL). After 5 minutes d-valine methyl ester hydrochloride (1.56 g,9.3 mmol), was added to the solution. After 1 hour the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in ethylacetate (150 mL), and washed with water (100 mL), aqueous hydrogenchloride (0.5 N, 2×100 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), andsaturated sodium chloride (100 mL). The organic phase was dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was subjected to flash chromatography with eluentof (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. The product-containingfractions were combined and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure to yield2-[2-({[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid methyl ester (4.37 g, 8.1 mmol, 87%). C₂₃H₃₂BrN₃O₇ calculated 541.1observed [M+1]⁺431.1; rt=2.65 min.

2-[2-({[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid:2-[2-({[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid was prepared using method 801 substituting2-[2-({[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid methyl ester for4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 6-ethylester 2-methyl ester. C₂₂H₃₀BrN₃O₇ calculated 527.1 observed[M+1]⁺528.1; rt=2.39 min.

2-[2-({[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid:2-[2-({[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid was prepared using method 804 substituting2-[2-({[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid for1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester. C₁₇H₂₂BrN₃O₅ calculated 427.1 observed[M+1]⁺428.0; rt=2.39 min.

N-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-2-(3-isopropyl-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl)-acetamide

HATU (3.70 g, 9.7 mmol) was added to a solution of2-[2-({[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-amino)-acetylamino]-3-methyl-butyricacid (2.78 g, 6.5 mmol), and 4-methylmorpholine (3.57 mL, 32.5 mmol) inDMF (100 mL). After 30 min the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane (150 mL) andwashed with water (50 mL), aqueous hydrogen chloride (0.5 N, 2×50 mL),saturated sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. Themixture was filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The residue was subjected to flash chromatography with eluent of (10%methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. The product-containing fractionswere combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure toyieldN-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-2-(3-isopropyl-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl)-acetamide(1.56 g, 3.8 mmol, 60%). C₁₇H₂₀BrN₃O₄ calculated 409.1 observed[M+1]⁺410.1; rt=2.00 min.

{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-Isopropyl-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-{4′-[2-(3-Isopropyl-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared using the imidazole cyclization frommethod 802, substitutingN-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-2-(3-isopropyl-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl)-acetamidefor6-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-oxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylicacid methyl ester and using[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester in the coupling reaction. C₃₇H₄₄N₈O₅ calculated 680.3observed [M+1]⁺681.4; rt=1.57 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.39 (d, J=3.0 Hz,1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 8.04 (m, 1H), 7.88 (m, 5H), 7.33 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H),8.13 (m, 1H), 4.79 (m, 1H), 4.65 (d, J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.02 (m, 2H),3.83 (m, 2H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 2H),2.05 (m, 2H), 8.40 (m, 8H).:

The following 3 steps (Sonogashira coupling, SEM protection, Bocdeprotection) constitute an example of method 807

Example BA

3′(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (686 mg, 1.74 mmol),(1-{2-[4-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (800 mg, 1.45 mmol), copper(I) iodide (28 mg, 0.14mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (167 mg, 0.14 mmol),triethylamine (2.0 mL, 14.5 mmol) and degassed dimethylformamide (10 mL)was stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour.(1-{2-[4-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (200 mg, 0.57 mmol) was added. After 1 hour thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up indichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with water (10 mL), saturatedammonium chloride (2×10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected toflash chromatography with eluent of (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) andhexane. The product-containing fractions were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure to yield3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (439 mg, 0.50 mmol, 35%). C₄₆H₅₇N₉O₈ calculated863.4 observed [M+1]⁺864.5; rt=1.91 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.07 (m, 1H),7.76 (m, 4H), 7.68 (m, H), 7.56 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 5.37 (m, 1H), 5.21 (m, 1H), 5.08 (m, 2H), 4.80 (m, 1H), 4.07 (t,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 2.33 (m, 2H),2.08 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.34 (m, 2H), 0.81 (m, 12H).

{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-buta-1,3-diynyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-buta-1,3-diynyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester was also isolated in the flash chromatography. Thefractions containing this product were combined and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was taken up indimethylformamide (2 mL) and subjected to reverse phase chromatographywith an eluent of 0.1% TFA in water and 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedby lyophilization to provide

{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-buta-1,3-diynyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (83.2 mg, 0.10 mmol). C₄₄H₅₀N₈O₆ calculated 786.4observed [M+1]⁺787.6; rt=2.59 min

¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.06 (s, 2H), 7.79 (m, 4H), 7.72 (m, 4H), 7.28 (d, J=8.8Hz, 2H), 5.08 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.07 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (m, 4H),3.51 (s, 6H), 2.32 (m, 2H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.99 (m 6H), 0.84 (m, 1H),0.78 (dd, J=6.8 Hz, J=17.6 Hz, 12H).

3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 27 mg, 0.55mmol) was added to a solution of3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (248 mg, 0.23 mmol) in dimethylformamide (8 mL)under an atmosphere of nitrogen at 0° C. After 15 minutes2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride (107.5 μL, 0.48 mmol) was addedand the reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 2hours the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wastaken up in dichloromethane (50 mL) washed with water (20 mL), and driedover sodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was subjected to flash chromatography with eluentof (10% methanol in ethyl acetate) and hexane. The product-containingfractions were combined and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure to yield3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (410 mg, 0.36 mmol). C₅₈H₈₅N₉O₁₀Si₂ calculated1123.6 observed [M+1]⁺1124.7; rt=3.10 min.

3′(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazole:3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolewas prepared using method 804 substituting3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester. C₅₃H₇₇N₉O₈Si₂ calculated 1023.5 observed[M+1]⁺1024.7; rt=2.81 min.

The Following Step Constitutes an Example of Method 808.

3′(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid methyl ester: Methyl chloroformate (15 μL, 0.19 mmol) was added toa solution of3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]-biimidazole(97 mg, 0.09 mmol), and 4-methylmorpholine (40 μL, 0.36 mmol) indichloromethane (3 mL). After 30 minutes the solvent was removed underreduced pressure and azeotroped with toluene. The residue was taken upin dichloromethane (5 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added.After 16 hours the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and theresidue was taken up in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) and methanol (2 mL). Anaqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2 N, 1 mL) was added. After 30 minthe organic solvents were removed under reduced pressure and theresulting precipitate was isolated by filtration. The solid was taken upin dimethylformamide (2 mL) and subjected to reverse phasechromatography with an eluent of 0.1% TFA in water and 0.1% TFA inacetonitrile. The product-containing fractions were combined and thesolvent was removed by lyophilization to provide3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid methyl ester (14.1 mg, 0.017 mmol, 10%).

C₄₃H₅₁N₉O₈ calculated 821.4 observed [M+1]⁺822.8; rt=1.72 min. ¹H(DMSO-d6): δ=8.07 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m, 7H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.57 (m, 3H),7.29 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (m, 1H), 5.27 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (d,J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.07 (t, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (m,2H), 3.76 (m, 2H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.51 (s,3H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 5H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 0.805 (m,18H).

Example BB

(1-{2-[5-(4-{4-[1′-Acetyl-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-3H,1′H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-4-yl]-phenylethynyl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following method 808 in Example BAsubstituting acetic anhydride for methyl chloroformate in the first stepof the synthesis. C₄₃H₅₁N₉O₇ calculated 805.4 observed [M+1]⁺806.5;rt=1.65 min; ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.06 (m, 1H), 776 (m, 6H), 7.68 (m, 3H),7.56 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 7.29 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (m, 1H), 5.38 (m,1H), 5.27 (m, 1H), 5.18 (m, 1H), 5.08 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (m, 1H),4.07 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 4H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.51(s, 6H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 1.99 (m, 12H), 0.81(m, 18H).

Example BC

4-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-3-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was prepared following step one of method 807,substituting(1-{2-[4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester in the first step of Example BA. C₄₇H₅₉N₉O₈calculated 877.5 observed [M+1]⁺878.5; rt=1.65 min

¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.08 (m, 1H), 7.78 (m, 4H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.54 (m, 2H),7.29 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 5.54 (m, 1H), 5.08 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (m,2H), 4.07 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (m, 4H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.51 (s, 3H),3.41 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 4H), 1.28 (3, 3H),1.17 (br s, 3H), 0.80 (m, 12H).

Example BD

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following method 807 substituting(1-{2-[4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-piperazine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. Followed by method 808, substituting[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester for3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazoleand leaving out methyl chloroformate. C₄₂H₅₁N₉O₆ calculated 777.4observed [M+1]⁺778.4; rt=1.58 min.

¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=9.30 (m, 1H), 7.9 (m, 2H), 7.75 (m, 3H), 7.63 (m, 2H),7.52 (m 2H), 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.96 (1H), 5.07 (m, 1H), 4.49 (m,1H), 4.28 (m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.53 (s,3H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.96 (m, 4H), 0.95 (m, 1H),0.81 (m, 12H).

Example BE

2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: A mixture of 4-bromo-benzene-1,2-diamine (2.4 g) and2-formyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.55 g) inethanol (5 mL) was heated in microwave at 80° C. for 1 hour. Mixture wasconcentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (2.6 g, yield 55%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₁₆H₂₀BrN₃O₂:366.25. Found: 365.8 (M+H⁺).

2-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (890 mg, 2.43 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.36 g,5.35 mmol),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(99 mg, 0.12mmol) and potassium acetate (620 mg, 6.32 mmol) in 15 mL dioxane washeated to 95° C. for 4 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled anddissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified byflash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane)to give2-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (588 mg, yield 59%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₂H₂₀BN₃O₄: 413.32. Found: 414.0 (M+H⁺).

2-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H,3′H-[5,5′]bibenzoimidazolyl-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (64 mg, 0.174 mmol),2-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (72 mg, 0.174 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (30 mg, 0.026 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (48 mg, 0.35 mmol) in 2 ml 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1 mL waterwas heated to 110° C. in microwave for 15 minutes. The reaction mixturewas cooled and dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 5% lithiumchloride aqueous solution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 10%methanol/ethyl acetate) to give2-[2′-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H,3′H-[5,5]bibenzoimidazolyl-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (15 mg, yield 15%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₂H₄₀N₆O₄: 572.70. Found: 573.1 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{2′-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H,3′H-[5,5′]bibenzoimidazolyl-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) was added to(2-[2′-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H,3′H-[5,5]bibenzoimidazolyl-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (15 mg, 0.0262 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolvedin DMF (1.5 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (10 mg, 0.058 mmol),diisopropylethylamine (27 μL), followed by HATU (20 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 60 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give[1-(2-{2′-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H,3′H-[5,5]bibenzoimidazolyl-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (8.1 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.02 (s, 2H), 7.88 (m, 4H), 5.38 (m, 2H),4.27 (d, 2H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 2.62 (m, 2H),2.40-2.20 (m, 6H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₃₆H₄₆N₈O₆: 686.80. Found: 687.3 (M+H⁺).

Example BF

2-{6-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (230 mg, 0.628 mmol), 4,4′-bipheynldiboronic aciddipinacol ester (1.28 g, 3.14 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (73 mg, 0.063 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (521 mg, 3.77 mmol) in 10 ml 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 5 mLwater was heated to 120° C. in microwave for 40 minutes. The reactionmixture was cooled and dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 5%lithium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-{6-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (15 mg, yield 15%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₄H₄₀BN₃O₄: 65.51. Found: 566.1 (M+H⁺).

2-(6-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-{6-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (147 mg, 0.26 mmol),2-[5-bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (116 mg, 0.26 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (30 mg, 0.026 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂(21 mg, 0.026 mmol) and potassium carbonate (72 mg, 0.52 mmol) in 3 ml1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1 mL water was heated to 90° C. for 2.5 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled and dissolved in ethyl acetate andwashed with 5% lithium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer wasdried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by preparative reverse phaseHPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized togive2-(6-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (52 mg, yield 25%); LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₆H₆₀N₆O₅Si: 805.09. Found: 805.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL)was added to2-(6-{4′-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (52 mg, 0.056 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolvedin DMF (1.5 mL) and to this solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (20 mg),diisopropylethylamine (59 μL), followed by HATU (43 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (4.8 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.0 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.82 (m, 11H), 5.38 (t,1H), 5.24 (t, 1H), 4.27 (dd, 2H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s,6H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.18 (m, 6H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H);LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₂N₈O₆: 788.93. Found: 789.3 (M+H⁺).

Example BG

2-(6-trimethylsilanylethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (309 mg, 0.84 mmol), ethynyl-trimethyl-silane (1.2 mL,8.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (97 mg, 0.08 mmol),copper(I) iodide (32 mg, 0.16 mmol) and triethylamine (0.7 mL, 5.04mmol) in 5 ml DMF was heated to 80° C. for 8 hours. The reaction mixturewas cooled and dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 5% lithiumchloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-(6-trimethylsilanylethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, yield 62%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₂₁H₂₉N₃O₂Si: 383.56. Found: 384.1 (M+H⁺).

2-(6-ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester

Potassium carbonate (144 mg) was added to2-(6-trimethylsilanylethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) in 6 ml methanol. The reactionwas stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-(6-ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (121 mg, yield 75%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₁₈H₂₁N₃O₂:311.38. Found: 311.8 (M+H⁺).

2-{6-[2-(1-Boc-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (91 mg, 0.24 mmol),2-(6-ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (77 mg, 0.24 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (14 mg), copper(I) iodide (5 mg)and triethylamine (138 μL) in 2 ml DMF was heated to 90° C. for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled and dissolved in ethyl acetate andwashed with 5% lithium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer wasdried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 0-10% IPA/DCM:acetone(3:2) mixture) to give2-{6-[2-(1-Boc-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (5.4 mg). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₃₄H₄₀N₆O₄:596.72. Found: 597.0 (M+H⁺).

{1-[2-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL)was added to2-{6-[2-(1-Boc-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (5.4 mg, 0.0065 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolvedin DMF (1 mL) and to this solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2.6 mg),diisopropylethylamine (9 μL), followed by HATU (5.5 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give{1-[2-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (0.9 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 7.82 (s, 2H), 7.68-7.60 (m, 4H), 5.32 (m,2H), 4.27 (dd, 2H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 6H), 2.58 (m,2H), 2.40-2.12 (m, 6H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₃₈H₄₆N₈O₆: 710.82. Found: 711.2 (M+H⁺).

Example BH

2-(6-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-buta-1,3-diynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (88 mg), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (16 mg),copper(I) iodide (3 mg) and triethylamine (120 μL) in 1.5 ml DMF washeated to 50° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled anddissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 5% lithium chloride aqueoussolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA)to give2-(6-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-buta-1,3-diynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (12 mg). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₃₆H₄₀N₆O₄: 620.74.Found: 621.0 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-buta-1,3-diynyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL)was added to2-(6-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-buta-1,3-diynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (12 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated anddried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DMF (1 mL)and to this solution was added 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyricacid (5.5 mg), diisopropylethylamine (13 μL), followed by HATU (12 mg).Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-buta-1,3-diynyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (4 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 7.82 (s, 2H), 7.72-7.62 (m, 4H), 5.32 (m,2H), 4.27 (d, 2H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 6H), 2.54 (m,2H), 2.38-2.12 (m, 6H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₀H₄₆N₈O₆: 734.84. Found: 735.2 (M+H⁺).

Example BI

2-[6-(4-Iodo-phenylethynyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(6-ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.321 mmol), 1,4-Diiodo-benzene (529 mg, 1.61mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (37 mg, 0.03 mmol),copper(I) iodide (12 mg, 0.06 mmol) and triethylamine (0.135 mL, 0.96mmol) in 2 ml DMF was heated to 100° C. in the microwave for 1 hour. Thereaction mixture was cooled and dissolved in ethyl acetate and washedwith 5% lithium chloride aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried(MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-[6-(4-Iodo-phenylethynyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (123 mg, yield 75%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₂₄H₂₄IN₃O₂: 513.37. Found: 531.8 (M+H⁺).

2-{6-[4-boronicacid-phenylethynyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[6-(4-Iodo-phenylethynyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (123 mg, 0.24 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (122mg, 0.48 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (52 mg, 0.02 mmol)and potassium acetate (52 mg, 0.53 mmol) in 3 ml 1,4-dioxane was heatedto 90° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and dissolved inethyl acetate and washed with 5% lithium chloride aqueous solution. Theorganic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) andfollowed by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) to give the corresponding boronic acid of2-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenylethynyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (15 mg). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₂₄H₂₆BN₃O₄:431.29. Found: 431.9 (M+H⁺).

2-(6-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenylethynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of 2-{6-[4-boronicacid-phenylethynyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (11 mg, 0.025),2-[5-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (34 mg, 0.076 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (1.5 mg), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (1 mg) andpotassium carbonate (3.5 mg) in 1 ml DME and 0.3 mL water was heated to90° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled and dissolved inethyl acetate and washed with 5% lithium chloride aqueous solution. Theorganic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) togive2-(6-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenylethynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4 mg, yield 21%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₃H₆₀N₆O₅Si; 753.02. Found: 751.4 (M−H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL)was added to2-(6-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenylethynyl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated anddried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DMF (1 mL)and to this solution was added 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyricacid (2 mg), diisopropylethylamine (6 μL), followed by HATU (4 mg).Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as the bis-TFA salt (2.8 mg): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.60 (m, 5H), 5.32 (m,2H), 4.27 (dd, 2H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 6H), 2.58 (m,2H), 2.40-2.12 (m, 6H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H); LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₀H₄₆N₈O₆: 736.86. Found: 737.3 (M+H⁺).

Example BJ

(2-Methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A mixture of(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (364 mg, 0.81 mmol), Ethynyl-trimethyl-silane (0.68mL, 4.9 mmol), Copper(I) iodide (154 mg, 0.81 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (94 mg, 0.08 mmol) andtriethylamine (0.67 mL, 4.9 mmol) in 5 ml DMF was heated to 70° C.overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with 5% lithium chloride aqueous solution. Theorganic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) andfollowed by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA) to give(2-Methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (324 mg). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₂₅H₃₄BN₄O₃Si: 466.65.Found: 467.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Potassium carbonate (192 mg) was added to(2-Methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (324 mg) in 7 mL MeOH solution. The reaction wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated down and purified by flash column chromatography (silicagel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (234 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, 2H), 6.98 (d, 2H),5.22 (t, 1H), 4.21 (d, 1H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H),2.55 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.02 (m, 4H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 6H); LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₂₂H₂₆N₄O₃: 394.47. Found: 395.1 (M+H⁺).

Example BK

{1-[2-(6-Ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added to2-(6-Ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (20 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated and driedovernight under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and tothis solution was added 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (12mg), diisopropylethylamine (67 μL), followed by HATU (24 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give{1-[2-(6-Ethynyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester as the mono TFA salt (23 mg): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 5.32 (t, 1H),4.24 (d, 1H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.63 (s, 4H), 2.58 (m, 1H),2.38-2.12 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 6H); LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₂₂H₂₆N₄O₃: 368.43. Found: 369.0 (M+H⁺).

Example BL

Piperidine-1,4-dicarboxylic acid monobenzyl ester:Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (64.8 g, 0.5 mol) in H₂O (50 mL) wastreated with NaOH (44.0 g, 1.1 mol). The reaction mixture was cooled to0° C. and treated with CbzCl (93.8 g, 0.55 mol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours and the mixture wasextracted with Et₂O (3 150 mL) The aqueous phase was acidified with 6 NHCl (140 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 200 mL). The solution was driedover MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford crudepiperidine-1,4-dicarboxylic acid monobenzyl ester (120 g), which wasused without further purification: MS (ESI) m/z 262 [M−H]⁺.

4-Chlorocarbonyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:Piperidine-1,4-dicarboxylic acid monobenzyl ester (40.2 g, 0.15 mol) indichloromethane (300 mL) was treated with oxalyl chloride (100 g, 0.79mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4hours and the mixture was concentrated to afford crude4-chlorocarbonyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (43 g), whichwas used without further purification.

4-(2-Diazo-acetyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:4-Chlorocarbonyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (43 g, 0.15mol) in dichloromethane (300 mL) was treated with(trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (2.0 M in hexanes, 150 mL, 0.31 mol) over15 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18hours and the mixture was concentrated to afford crude4-(2-diazo-acetyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (44 g),which was used without further purification.

4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:4-(2-Diazo-acetyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (44 g, 0.15mol) in EtOAc (300 mL) was cooled to 0° C. The solution was treated with33% HBr/HOAc (75 mL, 0.42 mol) over 15 min and stirred at ambienttemperature for 2 hours. The mixture was slowly treated with saturatedNaHCO₃ solution (300 mL) until pH was neutral or slightly basic andfiltered. The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 330 gSiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford4-(2-bromo-acetyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (38.1 g,81%): MS (ESI) m/z 341 [M+H]⁺.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(1-benzyloxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester: (S)-Proline (13 g, 61 mmol) in MeCN (250 mL) was treated withtriethylamine (8.5 mL, 61 mmol).4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (19 g, 56mmol) in MeCN (50 mL) was added dropwise over 15 min and the reactionwas stirred for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated and suspended indicholormethane (100 mL) and washed with H₂O (50 mL). The solution wasdried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 330 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100%EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(1-benzyloxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester (20 g, 75%): MS (ESI) m/z 497 [M+Na]⁺.

4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-piperidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(1-benzyloxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester (20 g, 42 mmol) in xylenes (100 mL) was treated with ammoniumacetate (16 g, 210 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 130° C. in asealed tube for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated and suspended indicholormethane (100 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL). Thesolution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 330 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASHcolumn (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes followed by 0-20% MeOH-EtOAc gradient) toafford4-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-piperidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (6.8 g, 36%): MS (ESI) m/z 455 [M+H]⁺.

4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-piperidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester:4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-piperidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (6.8 g, 14.9 mmol) in DMF (115 mL) was treated withNaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 655 mg, 16.4 mmol) in one portion.After 5 min, the mixture was treated with SEMCl (2.75 mL, 15.7 mmol) in0.1 mL portions over 10 min. The reaction was stirred for 3 hours anddiluted with saturated NH₄Cl solution (50 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL). Theorganic layer was washed with H₂O (3 50 mL) and brine (50 mL). Thesolution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 120 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASHcolumn (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes followed by 0-20% MeOH-EtOAc gradient) toafford4-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-piperidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (2.8 g, 32%): MS (ESI) m/z 585 [M+H]⁺.

2-[5-Piperidin-4-yl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-piperidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (2.8 g, 6.1 mmol) in EtOH (60 mL) was treated with 20%PdOH/C (600 mg) and placed under an atmosphere of H₂. The reaction wasstirred for 18 hours and filtered through a CELITE plug to afford crude2-[5-piperidin-4-yl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (2.0 g), which was used without furtherpurification: MS (ESI) m/z 451 [M+H]⁺.

2-[3-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-piperidin-4-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-Piperidin-4-yl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (170 mg, 0.37 mmol) and4-Bromophenyl-1-SEM-imidazol-2-yl-pyrrolidine-1-Boc (164 mg, 0.31 mmol,prepared according to WO 2008/021927) in toluene (3.5 mL) were treatedwith Pd(OAc)₂ (1.4 mg, 0.0064 mmol, via 10% solution in toluene), BINAP(19 mg, 0.031 mmol), and NaOtBu (42 mg, 0.44 mmol). The mixture wasstirred in a sealed tube at 110° C. for 36 hours. The solution wasconcentrated, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), and washed with saturatedNaHCO₃ (20 mL), H₂O (20 mL), and brine (20 mL). The solution was driedover MgSO₄ and subjected to a 40 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100%EtOAc-hexanes followed by 0-20% MeOH-EtOAc gradient) to afford2-[3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-piperidin-4-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (35 mg, 13%): MS (ESI) m/z 892 [M+H]⁺.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[3-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-piperidin-4-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (35 mg, 0.04 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.0 mL) wastreated with trifluoroacetic acid (0.2 mL) and the mixture was stirredfor 1 hours. The solution was concentrated and the residue was suspendedin DMF (1.0 mL) and treated with (S)-Moc-Val-OH (15 mg, 0.086 mmol),HATU (32 mg, 0.085 mmol), and N-methyl morpholine (0.034 mL, 0.31 mmol).The mixture was stirred for 2 hours then diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), andwashed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 10 mL), H₂O (10 mL), and brine (10 mL).The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and suspended in trifluoroacetic acid(1.0 mL) and stirred in a screw-cap vial at 40° C. for 1 hour. Thesolution was concentrated and subjected to a reverse phase HPLC column(5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (9.5 mg, 33%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (s, 1H),7.11 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 5.18 (m, 2H), 4.21 (m, 2H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.96(m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.65, (s, 3H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.96 (m, 3H), 2.51(m, 2H), 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 7H), 1.82 (m, 2H), 0.91 (m, 12H); MS(ESI) m/z 746 [M+H]⁺.

Example BM

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (2.6 g, 5.8 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was treated with NaH(60% dispersion in mineral oil, 256 mg, 6.4 mmol) in one portion. After5 min, the mixture was treated with SEMCl (1.08 mL, 6.1 mmol) in 0.1 mLportions over 10 min. The reaction was stirred for 2 hours and dilutedwith saturated NH₄Cl solution (50 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL). The organiclayer was washed with H₂O (3 50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The solution wasdried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 120 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100%EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (2.4 g, 71%).

{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (222 mg, 0.38 mmol) and piperazine (17 mg, 0.19 mmol)in toluene (3.5 mL) were treated with Pd(OAc)₂ (2.1 mg, 0.0096 mmol, via10% solution in toluene), BINAP (12 mg, 0.019 mmol), and NaOtBu (64 mg,0.67 mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 120° C. for 4hours. The solution was concentrated, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), andwashed with saturated NaHCO₃ (20 mL), H₂O (20 mL), and brine (20 mL).The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a reverse phase HPLCcolumn (5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (8 mg, 4%): MS (ESI) m/z 1105 [M+Na]⁺.

{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (8 mg, 0.007 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (1.0 mL)was stirred in a screw-cap vial at 40° C. for 1 hours. The solution wasconcentrated and subjected to a reverse phase HPLC column (5-95%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford{1-[2-(5-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.9 mg, 32%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) 7.66 (s, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 4H), 7.13 (d, J=8.7Hz, 4H), 5.21 (app t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.09 (m,2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 3.31 (m, 5H), 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m,8H), 0.91 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 824 [M+H]⁺.

Example BN

2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylicacid:2-[4-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.0 g, 2.2 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was cooled to−78° C. and treated with t-BuLi (1.7 M in pentane, 2.7 mL, 4.6 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour and treated with solid CO₂(500 mg). The mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and mixture wasconcentrated. The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 120 gSiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes followed by 0-20%MeOH-EtOAc gradient) to afford2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylicacid (200 mg, 22%): MS (ESI) m/z 412 [M+H]⁺.

2-[4-{9-[1-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carbonyl]-3,9-diaza-spiro[5.5]undecane-3-carbonyl}-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylicacid (141 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) was treated with spiro-diamine(38 mg, 0.16 mmol), HATU (136 mg, 0.36 mmol), and N-methyl morpholine(0.90 mL, 0.82 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours then dilutedwith EtOAc (25 mL), and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 10 mL), H₂O (10mL), and brine (10 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄ to affordcrude2-[4-{9-[1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carbonyl]-3,9-diaza-spiro[5.5]undecane-3-carbonyl}-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester which was used without further purification: MS(ESI) m/z 941 [M+H]⁺.

(1-{2-[4-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazole-4-carbonyl}-3,9-diaza-spiro[5.5]undecane-3-carbonyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[4-{9-[1-(2-Trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carbonyl]-3,9-diaza-spiro[5.5]undecane-3-carbonyl}-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (153 mg, 0.17 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (3.0mL) was stirred for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, suspended inDMF (1.7 mL), and treated with (S)-Moc-Val-OH (64 mg, 0.37 mmol), HATU(140 mg, 0.38 mmol), and N-methyl morpholine (185 mL, 1.66 mmol). Themixture was stirred for 2 hours then diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), andwashed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 10 mL), H₂O (10 mL), and brine (10 mL).The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a reverse phase HPLCcolumn (5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford1-{2-[4-(9-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazole-4-carbonyl}-3,9-diaza-spiro[5.5]undecane-3-carbonyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (3.0 mg, 2%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) 7.77 (s, 2H), 5.18 (app t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (d,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.09 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 3.31 (m, 5H),2.52 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 8H), 0.91 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 796 [M+H]⁺.

Example BO

4-{4-[2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1033 mg, 1.8 mmol) and 4-Cbz-piperazine (588 mg, 2.7mmol) in toluene (9 mL) were treated with Pd(OAc)₂ (20 mg, 0.09 mmol),BINAP (110 mg, 0.1 mmol), and NaOtBu (428 mg, 4.45 mmol). The mixturewas stirred in a sealed tube at 110° C. for 18 hours. The solution wasconcentrated, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), and washed with saturatedNaHCO₃ (20 mL), H₂O (20 mL), and brine (20 mL). The solution was driedover MgSO₄ and subjected to a 120 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100%EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford4-{-4-[2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (166 mg, 13%): MS (ESI) m/z 719 [M+H]⁺.

(2-Methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-piperazin-1-yl-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:4-{-4-[2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (166 mg, 0.23 mmol) in EtOH (2.5 mL) was treated with20% PdOH/C (60 mg) and placed under an atmosphere of H₂. The reactionwas stirred for 18 hours and filtered through a CELITE plug to affordcrude(2-methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-piperazin-1-yl-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (120 mg), which was used without further purification:MS (ESI) m/z 585 [M+H]⁺.

2-[4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:(2-Methyl-1-{2-[5-(4-piperazin-1-yl-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (28 mg, 0.047 mmol) and2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylicacid (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were treated with HATU (20 mg,0.052 mmol) and N-methyl morpholine (0.26 mL, 0.23 mmol). The mixturewas stirred for 18 hours then diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), and washedwith saturated NaHCO₃ (3 10 mL), H₂O (10 mL), and brine (10 mL). Thesolution was dried over MgSO₄ to afford crude2-[4-[4-(4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, which was used without further purification: MS(ESI) m/z 978 [M+H]⁺.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazole-4-carbonyl}-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (47 mg, 0.05 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (3.0mL) was stirred for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, suspended inDMF (1.5 mL), and treated with (S)-Moc-Val-OH (9 mg, 0.0.053 mmol), HATU(20 mg, 0.0.053 mmol), and N-methyl morpholine (0.26 mL, 0.24 mmol). Themixture was stirred for 18 hours then diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), andwashed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 10 mL), H₂O (10 mL), and brine (10 mL).The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a reverse phase HPLCcolumn (5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazole-4-carbonyl}-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (6.6 mg, 18%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) 7.67 (s, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=9.3Hz, 2H), 5.20 (app t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.01 (m,5H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m,8H), 0.91 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 775 [M+H]⁺.

Example BP

{1-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclopropyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester: 2-Amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone HCl (2.5 g, 10mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was treated with1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1.97 g, 9.8mmol), HATU (4.02 g, 10.5 mmol), and DIPEA (5.6 mL, 31.1 mmol). Themixture was stirred for 18 hours and concentrated. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc (25 mL), and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 10 mL),H₂O (10 mL), and brine (10 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄ andsubjected to a 80 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100% EtOAc-hexanesgradient) to afford{1-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-cyclopropyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (3.49 g, 90%). This material (3.49 g, 8.8 mmol) inxylenes (20 mL) was treated with ammonium acetate (3.4 g, 44 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at 130° C. in a sealed tube for 18 hours. Themixture was concentrated and suspended in dicholormethane (100 mL) andwashed with saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄to afford crude{1-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclopropyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester, which was used without further purification: MS (ESI)m/z 379 [M+H]⁺.

(1-{1-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclopropylcarbamoyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclopropyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (3.3 g, 8.77 mmol) was treated with 4 N HCl/dioxane (40mL) and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated and suspendedin DMF (50 mL). The mixture was treated with (S)-Moc-Val-OH (1.69 g, 9.7mmol), HATU (3.67 g, 9.7 mmol), and N-methyl morpholone (4.8 mL, 43.9mmol). The mixture was stirred for 18 hours and concentrated. Themixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), and washed with saturatedNaHCO₃ (3 50 mL), H₂O (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The solution was driedover MgSO₄ and subjected to a 120 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100%EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford(1-{1-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclopropylcarbamoyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (3.37 g, 88%): MS (ESI) m/z 436 [M+H]⁺.

[2-Methyl-1-(1-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{1-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclopropylcarbamoyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.38 g, 3.2 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) was treatedwith bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.69 g, 6.7 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (150 mg, 0.13mmol), and KOAc (810 mg, 8.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealedtube at 80° C. for 18 hours. The mixture was filtered through a frittedglass funnel and concentrated. The mixture was then suspended indichloromethane (10 mL) and filtered and subjected to a 120 g SiO₂COMBIFLASH column (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford[2-methyl-1-(1-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.24 g, 81%): MS (ESI) m/z 483 [M+H]⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-cyclopropyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:[2-Methyl-1-(1-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (85 mg, 0.21 mmol) and(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (97 mg, 0.21 mmol) in 3:1 DME/H₂O (2.5 mL) weretreated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (10 mg, 0.0084 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (2 M solution,0.42 mL, 0.84 mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 80° C.for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered through a fitted glass funnel andconcentrated. The mixture was subjected to a reverse phase HPLC column(5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-cyclopropyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (2.3 mg, 2%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.84 (m, 4H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 4.23 (d,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.01 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 4H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H),3.38 (m, 2H), 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.18 (m, 4H), 2.04 (m, 4H), 1.75 (m, 4H),1.58 (m, 4H), 0.95 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 725 [M+H]⁺.

Example BQ

{1-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester: 2-Amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone HCl (5.8 g, 23mmol) in DMF (75 mL) was treated with1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (5.0 g, 23 mmol),HATU (9.7 g, 25 mmol), and DIPEA (12.9 mL, 34 mmol). The mixture wasstirred for 18 hours and concentrated. The mixture was diluted withEtOAc (25 mL), and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 10 mL), H₂O (10 mL),and brine (10 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄ to afford crude{1-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester, which was used without further purification. Thismaterial (6.54 g, 16 mmol) in xylenes (40 mL) was treated with ammoniumacetate (6.1 g, 80 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 130° C. in asealed tube for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated and suspended indicholormethane (100 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL). Thesolution was dried over MgSO₄ to afford crude{1-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester, which was used without further purification: MS (ESI)m/z 393 [M+H]⁺.

{1-[1H-Imidazol-2-yl]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester boronicacid: {1-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (110 mg, 0.28) in 1,4-dioxane (2.5 mL) was treated withbis(pinacolato)diboron (150 mg, 0.59 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (13 mg, 0.011mmol), and KOAc (71 mg, 0.73 mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealedtube at 80° C. for 18 hours. The mixture was filtered through a frittedglass funnel and concentrated. The mixture was subjected to a reversephase HPLC column (5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford{1-[1H-imidazol-2-yl]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester boronicacid.

2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-cyclobutyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 1-[1H-Imidazol-2-yl]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester boronic acid (60 mg, 0.17 mmol) and2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (65 mg, 17 mmol) in 3:1 DME/H₂O (1.5 mL) were treatedwith Pd(PPh₃)₄ (10 mg, 0.0084 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (2 M solution, 0.25 mL,0.50 mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 80° C. for 18hours. The mixture was filtered through a fitted glass funnel andconcentrated. The mixture was subjected to a reverse phase HPLC column(5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-cyclobutyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (10 mg, 9%): MS (ESI) m/z 625 [M+H]⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-cyclobutyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(5-{4′-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-cyclobutyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (9.8 mg, 0.016 mmol) was treated with 4 NHCl/dioxane (1.5 mL) and stirred for 4 hours. The mixture wasconcentrated and suspended in DMF (1.5 mL). The mixture was treated with(S)-Moc-Val-OH (6.0 mg, 0.032 mmol), HATU (13 mg, 0.034 mmol), andN-methyl morpholone (0.009 mL, 0.080 mmol). The mixture was stirred for18 hours and concentrated. The mixture was subjected to a reverse phaseHPLC column (5-95% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-cyclobutyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (2.8 mg, 24%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) 7.88 (m, 10H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 4.23 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),4.12 (m, 1H), 3.88 (app d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 3H),2.85 (br m, 2H), 2.65 (m, 4H), 2.09 (m, 10H), 0.95 (m, 12H); MS (ESI)m/z 739 [M+H]⁺.

Example BR

[2-Methanesulfonyl-2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.02 g, 1.73 mmol) was treated with 4 NHCl/dioxane (5 mL) and stirred for 4 hours. The mixture was concentratedand suspended in DMF (1.5 mL). The mixture was treated with(S)-Moc-3-methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid(460 mg, 1.82 mmol), HATU (772 mg, 2.03 mmol), and N-methyl morpholone(0.950 mL, 8.65 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 18 hours andconcentrated. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), and washedwith saturated NaHCO₃ (3 50 mL), H₂O (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). Thesolution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 40 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASHcolumn (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes followed by 0-20% MeOH-EtOAc gradient) toafford[2-methanesulfonyl-2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (728 mg, 73%): MS (ESI) m/z 575 [M+H]⁺.

(2-Methanesulfonyl-1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:[2-Methanesulfonyl-2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (700 mg, 1.22 mmol) and(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (565 mg, 1.26 mmol) in 3:1 DME/H₂O (15 mL) weretreated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (56 mg, 0.0050 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (350 mg, 4.15mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 80° C. for 24 hours.The mixture was filtered through a fitted glass funnel and concentrated.

The mixture was subjected to a reverse phase HPLC column (5-95%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% TFA modifier) to afford(2-methanesulfonyl-1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (150 mg, 15%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz) 7.85 (m, 10H), 5.25 (m, 2H), 4.24 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H),4.13 (m, 2H), 3.88 (app d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H),2.99 (s, 3H), 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 10H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.79 (s, 1H),0.93 (m, 6H); MS (ESI) m/z 818 [M+H]⁺.

Example BS

2,7-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thianthrene and2,8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thianthrene:Thianthrene (27 g, 125 mmol) in AcOH (150 mL) was treated with bromine(44 g, 275 mmol) and heated at 120° C. for 8 hours. The mixture wasallowed to stand overnight at ambient temperature, at which time a whitesolid appeared. The solid was filtered, washed with H₂O (3 50 mL) andair dried to afford a mixture of 2,7-dibromo-thianthrene and2,8-dibromo-thianthrene which was carried forward without furtherpurification (42 g). The 2,7-bibromo-thianthrene/2,8-dibromo-thianthrenemixture (1 g, 2.7 mmol) in DMSO (25 mL) was treated withbis(pinacolato)diboron (2.7 g, 10.7 mmol), PdCl₂dppf (218 mg, 0.27mmol), and KOAc (2.1 g, 21.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealedtube at 80° C. for 18 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100mL), and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 50 mL), H₂O (50 mL), and brine(50 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 40 g SiO₂COMBIFLASH column (0-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a mixture of2,7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thianthrene and2,8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thianthrene (1.25 g,99%): MS (ESI) m/z 796 [M+H]⁺.

2-(5-{7-[3H-Imidazol-4-yl]-thianthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and2-(5-{8-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thianthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2,7-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thianthrene and2,8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-thianthrene (1.25 g,2.67 mmol) and 2-(4-bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.77 g, 5.6 mmol) in 3:1 DME/H₂O (25 mL) weretreated with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (185 mg, 0.160 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (1.12 g, 13.35mmol). The mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 90° C. for 24 hours.The mixture was filtered through a fitted glass funnel and concentrated.The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), and washed with saturatedNaHCO₃ (3 50 mL), H₂O (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The solution was driedover MgSO₄ and subjected to a 120 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-50%EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a mixture of2-(5-{7-[3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thianthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and2-(5-{8-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thianthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thianthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester and(1-{2-[5-(8-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thianthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A mixture of2-(5-{7-[3H-Imidazol-4-yl]-thianthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and2-(5-{8-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thianthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-bis-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (150 mg, 0.22 mmol) was treated with 4 NHCl/dioxane (2.5 mL) and stirred for 4 hours. The mixture wasconcentrated and suspended in DMF (2.5 mL). The mixture was treated with(S)-Moc-Val-OH (84 mg, 0.48 mmol), HATU (191 mg, 0.50 mmol), andN-methyl morpholone (120 mL, 1.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2hours and concentrated. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), andwashed with saturated NaHCO₃ (3 50 mL), H₂O (50 mL), and brine (50 mL).The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and subjected to a 40 g SiO₂COMBIFLASH column (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes followed by 0-20% MeOH-EtOAcgradient), which gave a pure mixture of 2,7/2,8 products. The 2,7/2,8mixture was subjected to a reverse phase HPLC column (5-95% MeCN—H₂O;0.1% TFA modifier) to afford(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thianthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (26 mg, 15%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 7.88 (s, 2H), 7.80 (s, 2H), 7.63 (s, 4H), 5.20 (m, 2H),4.23 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 6H), 2.99(s, 3H), 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 10H), 0.95 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 818[M+H]⁺; and(1-{2-[5-(8-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thianthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (10 mg, 5%) as a white solid (TFA salt): ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 7.86 (s, 2H), 7.80 (s, 2H), 7.63 (s, 4H), 5.20 (m, 2H),4.23 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 6H), 2.99(s, 3H), 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 10H), 0.95 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 801[M+H]⁺.

Example BT

3-Benzylamino-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid methyl ester

3-Amino-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (5.0 g, 24 5 mmol) wassuspended in methanol (100 mL) and benzaldehyde (5.2 g, 49 mmol) wasadded, followed by triethylamine (TEA, 10.2 mL, 73.5 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 90 minutes and cooled to0° C. Solid sodium borohydride (2.78 g, 73.5 mmol) was added in smallportions and the reaction was stirred for additional 60 minutes afteraddition was complete. All volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crudewas dissolved in NaOH aq (0.1 M, 100 mL). The solution was washed withdiethyl ether and acidified with HCl aq. The mixture was extracted withchloroform. The organic extracts were washed with brine and dried oversodium sulfate. Filtration and evaporation of solvents in vacuo yieldedcrude semi-solid (9.0 g). The crude material was dissolved in methanol(40 mL) and toluene (20 mL) and the solution was cooled to 0° C.Trimethysilyl diazomethane solution (2M, in hexanes) was added until theyellow color persisted (˜25 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred foradditional 60 minutes at room temperature. The volatiles were removed invacuo and the crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography(eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the pure product3-Benzylamino-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid methyl ester(4.09 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₆H₂₄N₂O₄: 308.3 (M⁺). Found: 309.2(M+H⁺).

1-Benzyl-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester:3-Benzylamino-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid methyl ester(4.01 g, 13.02 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and HCl(4M Dioxane, 40 mL) was added. The resultant suspension was stirred atroom temperature for 30 minutes, after which all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was mixed with para-formaldehyde (390 mg,13.02 mmol), magnesium sulfate (2.6 g), potassium carbonate (2.6 g) andsuspended in chloroform (40 mL) Triethylamine (5.07 mL) was added andthe reaction was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. Thesuspension was filtered and the volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thecrude material 1-Benzyl-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester(3.5 g) was used in the next step without further analysis.

1-Benzyl-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester: Crude 1-Benzyl-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid methylester (3.0 g, 13.6 mmol) was added as a DMF suspension to a premixedsolution of N-(methylcarbamoyl)(L)-valine (2.39 g, 13.6 mmol), HATU(5.16 g, 13.6 mmol) and diisopropyl ethylamine (DIEA, 3.58 g, 27.2 mmol)at room temperature. After 60 minutes, all volatiles were removed invacuo and the crude material was taken into dichloromethane. The organiclayer was washed with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1M), aqueous lithiumchloride solution (5%), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution,brine and was dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and evaporation ofsolvents yielded crude material. Purification via silica gelchromatography (eluent: EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes) yielded the product1-Benzyl-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (1.95 g, 5.15 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₉H₂₇N₃O₅:377.4 (M⁺). Found: 378.4 (M+H⁺).

3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1,4-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 4-methyl ester:1-Benzyl-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (1.0 g, 2.64 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (30 mL) atroom temperature. Pd on carbon (10%, 350 mg) was added and the reactionwas stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen. After three hours thereaction mixture was filtered through CELITE and the volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The crude material was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran(10 mL) and Boc₂O (576 mg) and diiso-propyl ethylamine (340 mg) wereadded and the reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 60 minutesall volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was purifiedvia silica gel chromatography (eluent: EtOAc w10% MeOH/hexanes) andyielded the product (0.812 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₇H₂₉N₃O₇: 387.4(M⁺). Found: 388.4 (M+H⁺).

Example BU

4-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1,4-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 4-methyl ester (460 mg, 1.18 mmol) was dissolvedin THF (3 mL) and MeOH (2 mL). An aqueous solution of LiOH (49.8 mg,1.18 mmol) was added and stirring at room temperature was continued.After the hydrolysis was complete, the reaction was neutralized withaqueous HCl (1.18 mL, 1M). The organic solvents were removed in vacuoand the aqueous suspension was frozen and lyophilized. The crudematerial was used in the next step without further purification. Thecrude material was dissolved in DMF (4.0 mL) and HATU (448 mg, 1.18mmol) and DIEA (152 mg, 1.18 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirredat room temperature for five minutes, after which the amino-(4′ bromo)acetophenone hydrochloride salt (295 mg, 1.18 mmol) was added. Stirringat room temperature was continued. After 90 minutes, all volatiles wereremoved in vacuo and the crude material was purified via silica gelchromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the slightly impureproduct4-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (723 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₄H₃₃BrN₄O₇:569.4 (M⁺). Found: 570.4/572.4 (M+H⁺).

4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:4-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (723 mg) was dissolved in m-xylenes (6.0 mL) andheated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (500 mg, 6.48 mmol) was addedand the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 45 minutes, the reactionwas cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removed in vacuo.The crude material was purified via silica gel chromatography (eluent:EtOAc w 10% MeOH/hexanes) to yield the product4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (436 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₄H₃₂BrN₅O₅:550.4 (M⁺). Found: 551.2/553.2 (M+H⁺).

3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (75 mg, 0.136 mmol) was combined with[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (67.6 mg, 0.136 mmol) under an argon atmosphere.Potassium carbonate (37.5 mg, 0.272 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (15.7 mg, 0.014mmol) were added, followed by DME (3 mL) and water (0.6 mL). The mixturewas heated under microwave conditions for 20 minutes at 120° C. Allvolatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was dissolved inDMF and purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product (55 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₇N₉O₈: 839.9 (M⁺).Found: 840.5 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.90-7.81 (m, 10H),5.58 (m, 1H), 5.43 (m, 1H), 5.25-5.20 (m, 2H), 4.24 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H),4.11 (m, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H),3.46 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.10 (m, 5H), 1.53 & 1.44 (s,9H) 1.04-0.89 (m, 12H).

Example BV

3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid methyl ester: 4-Methylmorpholine (31 μL, 0.28 mmol) was added to asuspension of{1-[2-(5-{4′-[3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-3H,1′H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (41.1 mg, 0.056 mmol) [prepared via reaction of3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester with HCl-solution] in dichloromethane (5 mL).Methyl chloroformate (16.5 pt, 0.21 mmol) was added to the resultingsolution. After 20 minutes the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residuewas taken into tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) and methanol (2 mL) and an aqueoussolution of sodium hydroxide (2 N, 1 mL) was added. After 2 hours theorganic solvents were removed in vacuo and the aqueous phase wasdecanted. The residue was dissolved in dimethylformamide (2 mL) andpurified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA). Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and the solvent was removedby lyophilization to provide3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid methyl ester (7.5 mg)

C₄₁H₅₁N₉O₈ calculated 797.4 observed [M+1]⁺798.4; ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.08(s, 1H), 7.83 (m, 8H), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (s, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),5.42 (dd, J=7.6, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (d, J=6.0 Hz,1H), 5.10 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (m, 1H), 4.08 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.94(m, 1H), 3.82 (m, 4H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 2.36(m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 5H), 0.83 (m, 12H).

Example BW

{1-[P-Benzoyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3′-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-1′-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (55.6 mg, 0.101 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (0.5 mL) and HCl (4M dioxane, 0.5 mL) was added. Theresultant suspension was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes,after which all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude material wasdissolved in THF (1 mL) and diisopropyl ethylamine (26.0 mg, 0.202 mmol)was added, followed by benzoyl chloride (15.6 mg, 0.11 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature. After 10 minutes, all startingmaterial was consumed. All volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crudebrown solid{1-[1′-Benzoyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester was used in the coupling reaction without furtheranalysis or purification: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₆H₂₈BrN₅O₄: 554.4(M⁺). Found: 554.3/556.4 (M+H⁺).

{1-[1′-Benzoyl-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′,2′,4′,5-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

{1-[1′-Benzoyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (crude, <0.101 mmol) was combined with[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (45.1 mg, 0.091 mmol) under an argon atmosphere.Potassium carbonate (27.8 mg, 0.202 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (10 mg, 0.009mmol) were added, followed by DME (2.0 mL) and water (0.4 mL). Themixture was heated under microwave conditions for 20 minutes at 120° C.All volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was dissolvedin DMF and purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product{1-[1′-Benzoyl-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (20.7 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₃N₉O₇: 843.9(M⁺). Found: 844.3 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.90-7.84 (m,10H), 7.66-7.52 (m, 5H), 5.68 (m, 1H), 5.59 (m, 1H), 5.49 (m, 1H), 5.26(m, 1H), 4.24 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s,3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.09 (m,5H), 1.01-0.85 (m, 12H).

Example BX

3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester:3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1,4-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 4-methyl ester (160 mg, 0.412 mmol) wasdissolved in dichloromethane (0.5 mL) and HCl (4M dioxane, 3 mL) wasadded. The resultant suspension was stirred at room temperature for 60minutes, after which all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crudematerial was dissolved in DMF (1.5 mL) and diisopropyl ethylamine (106mg, 0.824 mmol) was added followed by trifluoroethyl triflate (114.7 mg,0.494 mmol). After 14 hrs additional diisopropyl ethylamine (212 mg,1.648 mmol) and trifluoroethyl triflate (229.4 mg, 0.988 mmol) wereadded. Stirring at room temperature was continued. After 40 hours, allvolatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was purified byflash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield theproduct3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (95 mg, 0.257 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₄H₂₃F₃N₃O₅: 369.3 (M⁺). Found: 369.9 (M⁺).

{1-[5-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (95 mg, 0.257 mmol) was dissolved in THF (1.8 mL) andMeOH (0.9 mL). An aqueous solution of LiOH (10.8 mg, 0.208 mmol) wasadded and stirring at room temperature was continued. After thehydrolysis was complete, the reaction was neutralized with aqueous HCl(1M). The organic solvents were removed in vacuo and the aqueoussuspension was frozen and lyophilized. The crude material was used inthe next step without further purification. The crude material wasdissolved in DMF (1.5 mL) and HATU (97.6 mg, 0.257 mmol) and DIEA (66.3mg, 0.514 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor five minutes, after which the amino-(4′ bromo) acetophenonehydrochloride salt (64.2 mg, 0.257 mmol) was added. Stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 60 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo and the crude material was purified via silica gelchromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the slightly impureproduct{1-[5-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (148 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₁H₂₆BrF₃N₄O₅: 551.3(M⁺). Found: 551.2/553.2 (M⁺).

{1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

{1-[5-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (148 mg, <257 mmol) was dissolved in m-xylenes (4.0mL) and heated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (150 mg, 1.9 mmol) wasadded and the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 60 minutes, thereaction was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was purified via RP-HPLC (eluent:water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yield the product{1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (15.1 mg) as the TFA salt: LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₁H₂₅BrF₃N₅O₃: 532.3 (M⁺). Found: 532.1/534.2 (M⁺).

{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (13.0 mg, 0.0244 mmol) was combined with[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (12.1 mg, 0.0244 mmol) under an argon atmosphere.Potassium carbonate (6.7 mg, 0.048 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (2.7 mg, 0.0024mmol) were added, followed by DME (2.0 mL) and water (0.4 mL). Themixture was heated under microwave conditions for 20 minutes at 120° C.All volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was dissolvedin DMF and purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (6.1 mg, 0.006 mmol) as the TFA salt: LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₁H₅₀F₃N₉O₆: 821.8 (M⁺). Found: 823.4 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.89-7.82 (m, 10H), 5.39 (dd, J=6.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.25(m, 1H), 4.78 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H),4.00 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H),3.65-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.01 (m, 5H), 1.03-0.89 (m, 12H).

Example BY

1-Acetyl-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester:3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1,4-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 4-methyl ester (465 mg, 1.2 mmol) was dissolvedin dichloromethane (1 mL) and HCl (4M dioxane, 3 mL) was added. Theresultant suspension was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes,after which all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude material wasdissolved in THF and diisopropyl ethylamine (154 mg, 1.2 mmol) wasadded, followed by acetic anhydride (122 mg, 1.2 mmol). The reaction wasstirred at room temperature. After 30 minutes, all volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography (eluent: DCM/MeOH) to yield the product1-Acetyl-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (273 mg, 0.829 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₄H₂₃N₃O₆: 329.4 (M⁺). Found: 330.4 (M+H⁺).

(1-{3-Acetyl-5-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-Acetyl-3-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (273 mg, 0.829 mmol) was dissolved in THF (1.8 mL) andMeOH (1.2 mL). An aqueous solution of LiOH (34.8 mg, 0.829 mmol) wasadded and stirring at room temperature was continued. After thehydrolysis was complete, the reaction was neutralized with aqueous HCl(0.83 mL, 1M). The organic solvents were removed in vacuo and theaqueous suspension was frozen and lyophilized. The crude material wasused in the next step without further purification. The crude materialwas dissolved in DMF (3 mL) and HATU (315 mg, 0.829 mmol) and DIEA (106mg, 0.829 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor five minutes, after which the amino-(4′ bromo) acetophenonehydrochloride salt (207 mg, 0.829 mmol) was added. Stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 120 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo and the crude material was dissolved in DCM. The organic layerwas washed with aqueous HCl (0.5 M), aqueous lithium chloride solution(5%), brine and was dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration andevaporation of solvents yielded crude product which was purified viasilica gel chromatography (eluent EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product(1-{3-Acetyl-5-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (203 mg, 0.397 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₁H₂₇BrN₄O₆: 511.4 (M⁺). Found: 511.3/513.2 (M+H⁺).

{1-[1′-Acetyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

(1-{3-Acetyl-5-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (203 mg, 0.397 mmol) was dissolved in m-xylenes (4 mL)and heated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (200 mg, 2.58 mmol) wasadded and the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 120 minutes, thereaction was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was purified via silica gel chromatography(eluent: EtOAc w 10% MeOH/hexanes) to yield the product{1-[1′-Acetyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (162 mg, 0.329 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₁H₂₆BrN₅O₄: 492.4 (M⁺). Found: 492.3/494.3 (M+H⁺).

{1-[1′-Acetyl-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

{1-[1′-Acetyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (150 mg, 0.304 mmol) was combined with[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester (151 mg, 0.304 mmol) under an argon atmosphere.Potassium carbonate (83.9 mg, 0.608 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (34 mg, 0.030mmol) were added, followed by DME (8 mL) and water (2 mL). The mixturewas heated under microwave conditions for 20 minutes at 120° C. Allvolatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was dissolved inDMF and purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product{1-[1′-Acetyl-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (69.8 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₁H₅₁N₉O₇: 781.9(M⁺). Found: 782.5 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.91-7.82 (m,10H), 5.68 (m, 1H), 5.59-5.37 (m, 2H), 5.25 (m, 1H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 4.24(d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.11-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 3.47(d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.10 (m, 8H), 1.05-0.89 (m, 12H).

Example BZ

{1-[1′-Methanesulfonyl-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: {1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-methanesulfonyl-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (62.9 mg, 0.119 mmol) [prepared as described for thesynthesis of{1-[1′-Acetyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl(Example BY)]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamic acid methyl ester substitutingthe acetic anhydride with methyl sulfonyl chloride] was combined with[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (54.6 mg, 0.110 mmol) under an argon atmosphere.Potassium carbonate (33.1 mg, 0.240 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (12.7 mg, 0.011mmol) were added, followed by DME (2.0 mL) and water (0.4 mL). Themixture was heated under microwave conditions for 20 minutes at 120° C.All volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was dissolvedin DMF and purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product (20.1 mg): LCMS-ESI': calc'd for C₄₀H₅₁N₉O₈S: 817.9 (M⁺).Found: 818.6 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.90-7.81 (m, 10H),5.69 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (dd, J=6.9, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (dd, J=8.1,8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (dd, J=12.0, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.24(d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 4.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (m, 2H),3.67 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.29-1.99 (m,5H), 1.03-0.89 (m, 12H).

Example CA

{1-[1′-Benzenesulfonyl-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[1′-Benzenesulfonyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (63.1 mg, 106.9 mmol) [prepared as described for thesynthesis of{1-[1′-Acetyl-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example BY)]substituting the acetic anhydride withphenyl sulfonyl chloride] was combined with[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (53.1 mg, 106.9 mmol) under an argon atmosphere.Potassium carbonate (29.2 mg, 0.212 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (12.2 mg, 0.0106mmol) were added, followed by DME (2.5 mL) and water (0.8 mL). Themixture was heated under microwave conditions for 20 minutes at 120° C.All volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was dissolvedin DMF and purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product{1-[1′-Benzenesulfonyl-5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (27.9 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₅₃N₉O₈S: 880.2(M⁺). Found: 881.5 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 8.01 (d, J=7.5Hz, 2H), 7.90-7.76 (m, 11H), 7.65 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.59 (d, J=8.7 Hz,1H), 5.25 (dd, J=7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (dd,J=7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.68(s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.44 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.29-1.99(m, 5H), 0.99-0.86 (m, 12H).

Example CB

3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-1-phenyl-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester:3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-imidazolidine-1,4-dicarboxylicacid 1-tert-butyl ester 4-methyl ester (0.20 g, 0.515 mmol) wasdissolved in dichloromethane (1.0 mL) and HCl (4M dioxane, 1 mL) wasadded. The resultant suspension was stirred at room temperature for 60minutes, after which all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crudematerial was combined with phenyl boronic acid (188 mg, 1.545 mmol) andDCM (15 mL) was added. Triethylamine (1.2 mL, 8.89 mmol) was added,followed by copper(II) acetate and molecular sieves 4 Å. The reactionwas stirred at room temperature. After 24 hrs, the reaction was quenchedwith aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (10%) and the organic layer wasisolated. The organic layer was washed with aqueous HCl solution (0.5M), brine, and was dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and evaporationgave crude material. Purification via flash chromatography on silica gel(eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) yielded the desired product3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-1-phenyl-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (51.0 mg, 0.14 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₈H₂₅N₃O₅: 363.4 (M⁺). Found: 364.4 (M+H⁺).

(1-{5-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-phenyl-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:3-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-1-phenyl-imidazolidine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (51 mg, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in THF (1.2 mL) andMeOH (0.8 mL). An aqueous solution of LiOH (6.0 mg, 0.14 mmol) was addedand stirring at room temperature was continued. After the hydrolysis wascomplete, the reaction was neutralized with aqueous HCl (1M). Theorganic solvents were removed in vacuo and the aqueous suspension wasfrozen and lyophilized. The crude material was used in the next stepwithout further purification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF(1.5 mL) and HATU (54.3 mg, 0.14 mmol) and DIEA (36.9 mg, 0.28 mmol)were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for fiveminutes, after which the amino-(4′ bromo) acetophenone hydrochloridesalt (35.7 mg, 0.14 mmol) was added. Stirring at room temperature wascontinued. After 10 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo and thecrude material was purified via silica gel chromatography (eluent:EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the slightly impure product (95 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₂₅H₂₉BrN₄O₅: 545.4 (M⁺). Found: 545.2/547.4 (M+H⁺).

{1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-phenyl-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{5-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-phenyl-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (90 mg) was dissolved in m-xylenes (3 mL) and heatedat 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (100 mg, 1.29 mmol) was added and thereaction was stirred at 135° C. After 120 minutes, the reaction wascooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thecrude material was purified via silica gel chromatography (eluent:EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product{1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-phenyl-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (40.2 mg, 0.0764 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₅H₂₈BrN₅O₃: 526.4 (M⁺). Found: 526.4/528.3 (M+H⁺).

{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′-phenyl-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

{1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-phenyl-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (40 mg, 0.076 mmol) was combined with[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (37.6 mg, 0.076 mmol) under an argon atmosphere.Potassium carbonate (20.9 mg, 0.152 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (8.7 mg, 0.0076mmol) were added, followed by DME (1.8 mL) and water (0.3 mL). Themixture was heated under microwave conditions for 20 minutes at 120° C.All volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was dissolvedin DMF and purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1′-phenyl-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (5.4 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₅₃N₉O₆: 815.9(M⁺). Found: 816.5 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.89-7.86 (m,10H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 2H), 5.67 (m, 1H), 5.37 (m,1H), 5.25 (m, 1H), 5.12 (m, 1H), 4.31-4.08 (m, 3H), 4.01-3.79 (m, 3H),3.67 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.29-1.99 (m, 5H), 0.99-0.89(m, 12H).

Example CD

3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: N-(Methylcarbamoyl)(L)-valine (2.0 g, 11.4 mmol)was dissolved in DMF (15 mL) at room temperature. HATU (4.34 g, 11.4mmol) and diisopropyl ethylamine (1.47 g, 11.4 mmol) were added andstirring was continued. After 10 minutes, solidpiperazine-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (2.62 g, 11.4 mmol)was added. To the resultant suspension was added DMF (10 mL) anddiisopropyl ethylamine (1.47 g, 11.4 mmol). Stirring at room temperaturewas continued. After 45 min, HATU (4.34 g, 11.4 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.47 g, 11.4 mmol) were added to the resultant yellowsolution followed by amino-(4′ bromo) acetophenone hydrochloride salt(2.85 g, 11.4 mmol). After 30 minutes all volatiles were removed invacuo. The crude material was taken into EtOAc and the organic layer waswashed with aqueous HCl (1 M), aqueous LiCl (5%), aqueous bicarbonatesolution, brine and was dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration andevaporation of solvents in vacuo yielded crude material, which waspurified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: EtOAc w MeOH10%/hexanes) to yield the product3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (3.62 g): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₅H₃₅BrN₄O₇:583.4 (M⁺). Found: 583.2 /585.2 (M+H⁺).

3-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (2.0 g, 3.43 mmol) was dissolved in m-xylenes (18mL) and heated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (1.70 g, 22.0 mmol) wasadded and the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 120 minutes, thereaction was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was purified via silica gel chromatography(eluent: EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes) to yield the product3-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (674 mg, 1.19 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₅H₃₄BrN₅O₅: 564.5 (M⁺). Found: 564.2/566.2 (M+H⁺).

Example CE

{1-[2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:3-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (400 mg, 0.686 mmol) was dissolved indichloromethane (1.0 mL) and HCl (4M dioxane, 2 mL) was added. Theresultant suspension was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes,after which all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude material wasdissolved in DMF (1.0 mL)/THF (1.0 mL) and diisopropyl ethylamine (88.5mg, 0.686 mmol) was added followed by trifluoroethyl triflate (114.7 mg,0.494 mmol). Stirring at room temperature was continued. After 14 hours,all volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was purifiedby flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes)to yield the product{1-[2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (192 mg, 0.34 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₂H₂₈BrF₃N₄O₅: 565.3 (M⁺). Found: 565.2/567.2 (M+H⁺).

{1-[2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (192 mg, 0.34 mmol) was dissolved in m-Xylenes (2 mL)and heated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (128 mg, 1.66 mmol) wasadded and the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 110 minutes, thereaction was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was purified via silica gel chromatography(eluent: EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes) to yield the product{1-[2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (98.7 mg, 0.181 mmol): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₂₂H₂₇BrF₃N₅O₃: 546.4 (M⁺). Found: 546.0/548.2 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (98.7 mg, 0.181 mmol) was combined with(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (71.2 mg, 0.181 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (21.5 mg, 0.018mmol) under an argon atmosphere. DMF (degassed with Argon) was addedfollowed by triethylamine (181 mg, 1.8 mmol) and copper(I) iodide (3.5mg, 0.018 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80° C. After 20 minutes,volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was semi-purifiedvia chromatography on silica gel (eluent EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes) andfurther purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (12.4 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₂F₃N₉O₆: 859.9(M⁺). Found: 860.5 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.91-7.68 (m,10H), 6.06 (m, 2H), 5.24 (m, 1H), 4.43 (m, Hi), 4.23 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),4.11 (m, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.45 (m,2H), 3.15-3.02 (m, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.01 (m, 5H),1.07-0.83 (m, 12H).

Example CF

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1′-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H-[2,4]biimidazolyl-3′-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (55.0 mg, 0.103 mmol) was combined with(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (37.5 mg, 0.095 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (7.0 mg, 0.010mmol) under an argon atmosphere. DMF (2.0 mL, degassed with Argon) wasadded followed by triethylamine (104 mg, 1.03 mmol) and copper(I) iodide(1.9 mg, 0.01 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80° C. After 240 minutes,volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was semi-purifiedvia chromatography on silica gel (eluent EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes) andfurther purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (4.9 mg): LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₃H₅₀F₃N₉O₆: 845.9(M⁺). Found: 846.4 (M+H⁺); ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (MeOH-d₄) δ: 7.91-7.68 (m,10H), 5.35 (dd, J=6.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (m, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=6.9 Hz,1H), 4.23 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (m, 1H), 4.00 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.87(m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 3.65-3.42 (m, 4H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.06 (m,5H), 0.99-0.88 (m, 12H).

Example CG

2-(4-{4-[(pyrrolidine-1′-carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-phenylcarbamoyl}-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: 4-Amino-N-(4-amino-phenyl)-benzamide (3.00 g) andpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (6.55 g) weredissolved in DCM (90 mL), and 1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline(7.88 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 17 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Oil was dissolvedin ethyl acetate, forming a precipitate, which was collected by vacuumfiltration and dried under vacuum, giving2-(4-{4-(pyrrolidine-1′-carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-phenylcarbamoyl}-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (7.64 g, 93%) as a white solid.

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic-acid{4-[4-(pyrrolidin-2′-yl-carbonyl-amino)-phenylcarbamoyl]-phenyl}-amide:2-(4-{4-[(pyrrolidine-1′-carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-phenylcarbamoyl}-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (2.01 g) was dissolved in DCM (46 mL), andtrifluoroacetic acid (6 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirredat ambient temperature for 3.5 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Solidwas dissolved in DCM and extracted twice with saturated NaHCO₃ solution.Solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with ethyl acetate, anddried under vacuum, giving pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid{4-[4-(pyrrolidin-2′-yl-carbonyl-amino)-phenylcarbamoyl]-phenyl}-amide(1.18 g, 87%) as a white solid.

(1-{2-[4-(4-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-phenylcarbamoyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid{4-[4-(pyrrolidin-2′-yl-carbonyl-amino)-phenylcarbamoyl]-phenyl}-amide(0.305 g), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.277 g), andHATU (0.621 g) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (8 mL), anddiisopropylethylamine (0.496 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour and evaporated under vacuum.The oil was dissolved in DCM and purified by chromatography (0-20% ethylacetate:hexane), giving(1-{2-[4-(4-{[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-phenylcarbamoyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.324 g, 58%) as a white solid: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.3 (s, 1H), 10.1 (s, 1H), 10.0 (s, 1H), 7.9 (d, J=9.9,2H), 7.7 (m, 4H), 7.5 (d, J=9.9, 2H), 7.3 (d, J=9.9, 2H), 4.5 (m, 2H),4.0 (m, 2H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 3.6 (m, 2H), 3.5 (s, 6H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m,8H), 0.9 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 736 [M+H]⁺.

Example CH

2-[4-{4-[(1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-phenyl}-ethyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 4,4′-Ethylenedianiline (2.98 g) andpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (7.09 g) weredissolved in DCM (90 mL), and 1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline(8.38 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 3 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Oil was dissolvedin ethyl acetate, forming a precipitate, which was collected by vacuumfiltration and dried under vacuum, giving 2-[4-(2-{4-[(1-carboxylic acidtert-butylester-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-phenyl}-ethyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (8.30 g, 97%) as a white solid.

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid(4-{2-[4-(pyrrolidinecarbonyl-amino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-phenyl)-amide:2-[4-(2-{4-[(1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-phenyl}-ethyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (3.01 g) was dissolved in DCM (45 mL), andtrifluoroacetic acid (15 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirredat ambient temperature for 4 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Solidwas dissolved in DCM and extracted twice with saturated NaHCO₃ solution.Solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with ethyl acetate, anddried under vacuum, giving pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid(4-{2-[4-(pyrrolidinecarbonyl-amino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-phenyl)-amide (1.86g, 93%) as a light gray solid.

[1-(2-{4-[2-(4-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-phenyl)-ethyl]-phenylcarbamoyl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid(4-{2-[4-(pyrrolidinecarbonyl-amino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-phenyl)-amide (0.299g), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.296 g), and HATU(0.648 g) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (5 mL), anddiisopropylethylamine (0.513 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour and evaporated under vacuum.The oil was dissolved in DCM and purified by chromatography (0-100%ethyl acetate:hexane), giving[1-(2-{4-[2-(4-{[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-phenyl)-ethyl]-phenylcarbamoyl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.254 g, 48%) as a white solid: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.9 (s, 2H), 8.2 (broad s, 2H), 7.4 (d, J=9.9, 4H), 7.3 (d,J=9.9, 2H), 7.1 (d, J=9.9, 4H), 4.4 (m, 2H), 4.0 (t, J=7.5, 2H), 3.8 (m,2H), 3.6 (m, 8H), 3.5 (s, 6H), 3.1 (m, 8H), 2.8 (s, 4H), 2.1 (m, 2H),1.9 (m, 8H), 0.9 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 721 [M+H]⁺.

Example CI

2-(4-{4-[(1-Acetyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-phenylazo}-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 4-(4-aminophenylazo)-phenylamine (3.02 g) andpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (7.00 g) weredissolved in DCM (90 mL), and 1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline(8.45 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 19 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Oil was dissolvedin ethyl acetate, forming a precipitate, which was collected by vacuumfiltration and dried under vacuum, giving 2-(4-{4-[(1-carboxylic acidtert-butylester-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-phenylazo}-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (9.28 g) as a brown solid.

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid{4-[4-(pyrrolidinecarbonyl-amino)-phenylazo]-phenyl}-amide:2-(4-{4-[(1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-phenylazo}-phenylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (9.28 g, crude) was dissolved in DCM (75 mL), andtrifluoroacetic acid (25 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirredat ambient temperature for 3 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Solidwas dissolved in DCM and extracted twice with saturated NaHCO₃ solution.The solution was evaporated under vacuum, givingpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid{4-[4-(pyrrolidinecarbonyl-amino)-phenylazo]-phenyl}-amide (6.18 g,crude) as a red solid.

(1-{2-[4-(4-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-phenylazo)-phenylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid{4-[4-(pyrrolidinecarbonyl-amino)-phenylazo]-phenyl}-amide (0.302 g),2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.284 g), and HATU (0.643g) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (5 mL), and N-methylmorpholine (0.324mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperaturefor 2 hours and evaporated under vacuum. The oil was dissolved in DCMand purified by chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate:hexane), giving(1-{2-[4-(4-{[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-phenylazo)-phenylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.158 g, 30%) as a yellow solid: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.4 (s, 2H), 7.8 (m, 8H), 7.4 (d, J=9.9, 2H), 4.5 (m, 2H),4.0 (t, J=7.5, 2H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 3.6 (m, 8H), 3.5 (s, 6H), 2.2 (m, 2H),2.0 (m, 8H), 0.9 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 721 [M+H]⁺.

Example CJ

4-Bromo-naphthalene-1-carbonyl chloride: 4-Bromonaphthalene-1-carboxylicacid (9.80 g) was suspended in thionyl chloride (80 mL) and stirred at40° C. for 16 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Solid was dissolved inDCM (20 mL) and evaporated under vacuum, giving4-bromonaphthalene-1-carbonyl chloride (13.8 g, crude) as a white solid.

1-(4-Bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-2-diazoethanone:4-Bromo-naphthalene-1-carbonyl chloride (13.8 g) was dissolved indichloromethane (130 mL) and cooled to 0° C. TMS diazomethane solution(40 mL, 2 M in DCM) was added, and ice bath was removed. Reactionmixture was stirred for 18 hours and evaporated under vacuum, giving1-(4-bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-2-diazoethanone (13.8 g, crude) as a brownoil.

2-Bromo-1-(4-bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethanone:1-(4-Bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-2-diazoethanone (13.8 g) was dissolved inethyl acetate (200 mL), and hydrobromic acid solution (8.4 mL, 5.7 M inacetic acid) was added at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred 15 minutes,NaHCO₃ solution (100 mL) was added, and mixture was stirred 10 minutes.Ethyl acetate solution was extracted twice with NaHCO₃ solution (50 mL),once with brine (50 mL), and evaporated under vacuum. The oil wasdissolved in DCM and purified by chromatography (0-20% ethylacetate:hexane), giving 2-bromo-1-(4-bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethanone(6.67 g, 51%) as a tan solid.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester:Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (4.85 g) wasdissolved in acetonitrile (65 mL), and triethylamine (3.09 mL) wasadded. A solution of 2-bromo-1-(4-bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-ethanone (6.60g) in acetonitrile (35 mL) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred 90minutes and evaporated under vacuum. Oil was dissolved in DCM (50 mL),extracted once with water (20 mL) and once with NaHCO₃ solution (20 mL),and evaporated under vacuum to a concentrated liquid. Solution waspurified by chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate:hexane) and evaporatedunder vacuum, giving pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (8.95g, 95%) as a tan solid.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (8.80g) and ammonium acetate (7.51 g) were suspended in xylenes. The reactionmixture was stirred at 140° C. for 15 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL) and extracted twice withwater (20 mL) and once with brine (20 mL). The oil was dissolved in DCM,purified by chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate:hexanes), and evaporatedunder vacuum, giving2-[5-(4-bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4.34 g, 52%) as a tan solid.

5-(4-Bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole:2-[5-(4-Bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.00 g) was dissolved in DCM (12 mL), andtrifluoroacetic acid (4 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirredat ambient temperature for 3 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Solidwas dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and extracted with saturated NaHCO₃solution (30 mL). A solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washedwith DCM, and dried under vacuum, giving5-(4-bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole (0.940 g,crude) as an off-white solid.

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:5-(4-bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole (0.925 g),2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.441 g), and HATU (1.00g) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (15 mL), and N-methylmorpholine(0.497 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 30 minutes and evaporated under vacuum. The oil wasdissolved in DCM, purified by chromatography (0-100% ethylacetate:hexanes), and evaporated under vacuum, giving(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.814 g, 72%) as an off-white solid.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.115 g),[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.111 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.0623 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (3 mL) and water (1 mL). The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0114 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 85° C. for 16 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL) and extracted twice withwater (10 mL) and once with brine (10 mL). Solution was evaporated,dissolved in DMF, purified by reverse phase HPLC (5-70%acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized, giving[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.037 g, 21%) as a white solid: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(CHCl₃-d₁) δ: 8.9 (m, 1H), 7.6 (m, 2H), 7.4 (m, 5H), 7.0 (m, 2H), 6.8(m, 2H), 5.8 (m, 2H), 5.3 (m, 2H), 4.3 (m, 2H), 4.0 (m, 4H), 3.6 (s,6H), 2.4 (m, 6H), 2.0 (m, 6H), 0.8 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 789 [M+H]⁺.

Example CJ

2,6-(bis-pinocolato) Diboranonaphthalene: 2,6-Dibromonaphthalene (10.2g), bis-(pinocolato)diborane (37.3 g), and potassium acetate (18.0 g)were dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (250 mL), and solution was degassed withnitrogen. Pd(PPh₃)₄ (3.13 g) was added, and the reaction mixture wasstirred at 80° C. for 20 hours. The suspension was vacuum filtered, andthe solid was washed with ethyl acetate, giving2,6-(bis-pinocolato)diboranonaphthalene (7.71 g, 58%) as a yellow solid.

2-(5-{6-[2-(1′-carboxylic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 2,6-(bis-pinocolato)diboranonaphthalene (0.501g), 2-(5-bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.885 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.562 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethanedichloromethane (15 mL) and water (5 mL).The solution was degassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0935 g) wasadded. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 hours andevaporated under vacuum. Solid was dissolved in DCM (20 mL) andextracted twice with water and once with brine. Solution was evaporated,recrystallized from ethyl acetate, and dried under vacuum, giving2-(5-{6-[2-(1′-carboxylic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.365 g, 46%) as a white solid.

2,6-bis(2-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole)naphthalene:2-(5-{6-[2-(1′-carboxylic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.365 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL),and trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 27 hours, heated to 40° C. for 3hours, and evaporated under vacuum. Solid was dissolved in DCM (10 mL)and extracted with saturated NaHCO₃ solution (30 mL). A solid wascollected by vacuum filtration, washed with DCM, and dried under vacuum,giving 2,6-bis(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole)naphthalene (0.180 g, 74%)as a yellow solid.

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: 2,6-bis(2-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole)naphthalene(0.170 g), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.168 g), andHATU (0.378 g) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (3 mL), andN-methylmorpholine (0.188 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes and evaporated undervacuum. The oil was dissolved in DMF and purified by reverse phase HPLC(5-70% acetonitrile:water) and lyophilized, giving(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.051 g, 17%) as a white solid: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.3 (s, 2H), 8.1 (s, 2H), 8.0 (m, 4H), 7.3 (d, J=11.2, 2H),5.1 (m, 2H), 4.1 (m, 2H), 3.9 (m, 4H), 3.5 (s, 6H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.0 (m,5H), 0.8 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 713 [M+H]⁺.

Example CK

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-(4-Bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (3.80 g), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyricacid (2.57 g), and HATU (5.88 g) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (85mL), and N-methylmorpholine (2.86 mL) was added. The reaction mixturewas stirred at ambient temperature for 22 hours and evaporated undervacuum. The oil was dissolved in dichloromethane, purified bychromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate:hexanes), and evaporated undervacuum, giving(1-{2-[5-(4-bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (6.10 g, crude) as a tan solid.

{1-[2-(5-{4-[2-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.01 g) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (13 mL), and(E)-bis(tributylstannyl)ethene (0.585 mL) was added. The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0401 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 85° C. for 17 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in DMF, purified by reverse phase HPLC (5-70%acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized, giving{1-[2-(5-{4-[2-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (25 mg, 1.5%) as a white solid: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.0 (s, 2H), 7.8 (m, 8H), 7.4 (s, 2H), 7.3 (d, J=9.9, 2H),5.1 (t, J=6.9, 2H), 4.1 (t, J=6.9, 2H), 3.8 (m, 4H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 3.5(s, 6H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 6H), 0.8 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 765[M+H]⁺.

Example CL

6-Bromo-naphthalene-2-carbonyl chloride: 6-Bromonaphthalene-2-carboxylicacid (25.1 g) was suspended in thionyl chloride (200 mL), stirred at 60°C. for 16 hours and evaporated under vacuum. Solid was dissolved indichloromethane (50 mL) and evaporated under vacuum, giving6-bromonaphthalene-2-carbonyl chloride (27.0 g, crude) as a white solid.

1-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-diazo-ethanone:6-Bromonaphthalene-2-carbonyl chloride (27.0 g, crude) was dissolved indichloromethane (330 mL) and cooled to 0° C. TMS diazomethane solution(100 mL, 2 M in DCM) was added, and ice bath was removed. Reactionmixture was stirred for 16 hours and evaporated under vacuum, giving1-(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-2-diazoethanone (34.7 g, crude) as an orangesolid.

2-Bromo-1-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-ethanone:1-(6-Bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-2-diazoethanone (34.7 g) were dissolved inethyl acetate (500 mL), and hydrobromic acid solution (21.1 mL, 5.7 M inacetic acid) was added at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred 3 hours,NaHCO₃ solution (200 mL) was added, and mixture was stirred 10 minutes.Ethyl acetate solution was extracted twice with NaHCO₃ solution (50 mL),once with brine (50 mL), and evaporated under vacuum, giving2-bromo-1-(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-ethanone (33.0 g, crude) as a tansolid.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester tert-butyl ester:Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (24.0 g) wasdissolved in acetonitrile (330 mL), and triethylamine (15.6 mL) wasadded. A solution of 2-bromo-1-(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-ethanone (33.0g) in acetonitrile (170 mL) were added. Reaction mixture was stirredover 3 days and evaporated under vacuum. Oil was dissolved indichloromethane (100 mL), extracted with water (50 mL) and with NaHCO₃solution (50 mL), and evaporated under vacuum to a concentrated liquid.Solution was purified by chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate:hexane) andevaporated under vacuum, giving pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester(39.2 g, 84%) as a tan solid.

2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (39.0g) and ammonium acetate (40.1 g) were suspended in xylenes (420 mL). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 140° C. for 15 hours and evaporatedunder vacuum. Solid was dissolved in dichloromethane (300 mL), extractedtwice with water (50 mL) and once with brine (50 mL), and evaporatedunder vacuum, giving2-[5-(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (30.3 g, 81%) as an off-white solid.

5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole:2-[5-(6-Bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (5.03 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (75 mL),and trifluoroacetic acid (25 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 5 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and extracted withsaturated NaHCO₃ solution (50 mL).

Solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with dichloromethane,and dried under vacuum, giving5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole (98%) as anoff-white solid.

(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-4-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole (3.80 g),2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2.21 g), and HATU (5.06 g)were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (75 mL), and N-methylmorpholine (2.68mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperaturefor 16 hours and evaporated under vacuum. The oil was dissolved indichloromethane, purified by chromatography (0-100% ethylacetate:hexanes), and evaporated under vacuum, giving(1-{2-[5-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.814 g, 72%) as an off-white solid.

[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (3.02 g), bis-(pinocolato)diborane (3.18 g), andpotassium acetate (1.52 g) were dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (40 mL), andsolution was degassed with nitrogen. Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.285 g) was added, andthe reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 20 hours and evaporatedunder vacuum. Solid was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), extractedwith saturated NaHCO₃ solution (50 mL), and evaporated under vacuum. Theoil was dissolved in dichloromethane, purified by chromatography (0-10%isopropanol:dichloromethane), and evaporated under vacuum, giving[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (3.65 g, crude) as a yellow solid.

(1-{2-[5-(6′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[2,2′]binaphthalenyl-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.174 g),[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.202 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.108 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (6 mL) and water (2 mL). The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0176 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 85° C. for 16 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL) and extracted twice withwater (10 mL) and once with brine (10 mL). Solution was evaporated,dissolved in DMF, purified by reverse phase HPLC (5-70%acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized, giving(1-{2-[5-(6′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[2,2′]binaphthalenyl-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.050 g, 16%) as a white solid: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz,(MeOH-d₄) δ: 8.3 (m, 4H), 8.1 (m, 6H), 8.0 (s, 2H), 7.8 (d, J=9.4, 2H),5.3 (m, 2H), 4.3 (d, J=9.0, 2H), 4.1 (m, 2H), 3.9 (m, 2H), 3.7 (s, 6H),2.6 (m, 2H), 2.2 (m, 6H), 0.9 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 839 [M+H]⁺.

Example CM

2-[5-(3′-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester:2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidbenzyl ester (2.14 g, 5.01 mmol),(3-tert-Butoxycarbonylaminophenyl)-boronic acid (1.19 g, 5.01 mmol),Pd(PPh₃)₄ (289 mg, 0.251 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (5.5 mL of 2 M aqueoussolution, 11.02 mmol) were combined with 1,2-dimethoxyethane (20 mL).The suspension was stirred while N₂ was bubbled through the solution for24 min. A reflux condenser was attached and the suspension was heated to85° C. for 17 hours. It was then cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate (150mL), washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated. The crude product was purified by silica columnchromatography (25% to 50% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide2-[5-(3′-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (1.73 g, 64%).

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-3-yl]-amide:2-[5-(3′-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (1.75 g, 3.25 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (40 mL)and concentrated HCl (2 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at 50°C. for 19 hours before being concentrated to a volume of 10 mL, pouredinto saturated NaHCO₃ (60 mL). The organic phase was extracted 3 timeswith 30 mL dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried withsodium sulfate and concentrated. A portion of the resulting residue (515mg, 1.17 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2 mL). In a separate flask,ethylchloroformate (0.134 mL, 1.41 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred0° C. solution of Boc-Pro-OH (303 mg, 1.41 mmol) and triethylamine(0.197 mL, 1.41 mmol) in THF (4 mL). After 10 minutes, the solution ofbiphenyl compound was added by cannula followed by a 2 mL rinse withTHF. Following addition, the mixture was warmed to RT. After 70 min, themixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60 mL) and washed with water andbrine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated.The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (25% to 50%EtOAc/hexanes) to provide the Boc-Pro compound (470 mg, 63%). Thismaterial was dissolved in ethanol (40 mL) and 10% Pd/C (300 mg) wasadded before the flask was sealed and a bladder containing hydrogen gaswas attached. A venting needle was placed in the septum for 30 s toallow hydrogen to bubble through the solution. After 13 h, the mixturewas filtered over CELITE and concentrated. A portion of this residue(177 mg, 0.353 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (20 mL) and concentratedHCl (2 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. before beingconcentrated to provide Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-3-yl]-amide (142 mg,100%).

(1-{2-[5-(3′-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-3-yl]-amide (142 mg,0.353 mmol), 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (124 mg, 0.706mmol) and HATU (295 mg, 0.777 mmol) were suspended in DMF (7 mL) andcooled to 0° C. before DIPEA (0.615 mL, 3.53 mmol) was added. After 80min, the mixture was warmed to RT then filtered and purified by reversephase preparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(3′-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (50 mg, 20%): ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) 10.11 (s, 1H),7.92 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.80-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.29 (m,4H), 5.90 (m, 1H), 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.82 (m, 3H), 3.64 (m,2H), 3.54 (m, 6H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.92 (m, 6H), 0.96-0.82 (m, 12H);MS (ESI) m/z 716 [M+H]⁺.

Example CN

2-[5-(4′-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester:2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidbenzyl ester (2.31 g, 5.42 mmol),(4-tert-Butoxycarbonylaminophenyl)-boronic acid (1.28 g, 5.42 mmol),Pd(PPh₃)₄ (313 mg, 0.271 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (6 mL of 2 M aqueous solution,11.92 mmol) were combined with 1,2-dimethoxyethane (20 mL). Thesuspension was stirred while N₂ was bubbled through the solution for 14min. A reflux condenser was attached and the suspension was heated to85° C. for 15 hours. It was then cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate (150mL), washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated. The crude product was purified by silica columnchromatography (25% to 50% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide2-[5-(4′-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (1.20 g, 41%).

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-amide:2-[5-(4′-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (1.75 g, 3.25 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (40 mL)and concentrated HCl (2 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at 50°C. for 19 hours before being concentrated to a volume of 10 mL, pouredinto saturated NaHCO₃ (60 mL). The organic phase was extracted 3 timeswith 30 mL dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried withsodium sulfate and concentrated. A portion of the resulting residue (963mg, 2.20 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL). In a separate flask,ethylchloroformate (0.231 mL, 2.24 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred0° C. solution of Boc-Pro-OH (568 mg, 2.64 mmol) and triethylamine(0.368 mL, 2.69 mmol) in THF (6 mL). After 10 minutes, the solution ofbiphenyl compound was added by cannula followed by a 2 mL rinse withTHF. Following addition, the mixture was warmed to RT. After 70 min, themixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (60 mL) and washed with water andbrine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated.The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (25% to 50%EtOAc/hexanes) to provide the Boc-Pro compound (470 mg, 63%). Thismaterial was dissolved in ethanol (40 mL) and 10% Pd/C (300 mg) wasadded before the flask was sealed and a bladder containing hydrogen gaswas attached. A venting needle was placed in the septum for 30 s toallow hydrogen to bubble through the solution. After 14 h, the mixturewas filtered over CELITE and concentrated. A portion of this residue(169 mg, 0.337 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (20 mL) and concentratedHCl (2 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. before beingconcentrated to provide Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-amide (135 mg,100%).

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-amide (135 mg,0.337 mmol), 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (118 mg, 0.674mmol) and HATU (282 mg, 0.741 mmol) were suspended in DMF (6 mL) andcooled to 0° C. before DIPEA (0.470 mL, 2.70 mmol) was added. After 60min, the mixture was warmed to RT then filtered and purified by reversephase preparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(4′-{[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (136 mg, 56%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) 10.16 (s,1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 4H), 7.70 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 4H), 7.30(m, 1H), 5.09 (m, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.08 (m, 1H), 4.02 (m, 1H),3.85-3.77 (m, 3H), 3.61 (m, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.37 (m,1H), 2.16-1.84 (m, 10H), 0.92 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (d, 6.5 Hz, 3H),0.80 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.75 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI) m/z 716 [M+H]⁺.

Example CO

Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-naphthalen-1-yl ester

Naphthalene-1,5-diol (1 g, 6.25 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane(25 mL) and triethylamine (2.6 mL, 18.73 mmol) andtrifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (1.58 mL, 9.86 mmol) were added.After stirring for 16 h, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (250mL) and washed with water, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate andbrine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated andpurified by silica column chromatography (0% to 10% EtOAc/hexanes) toprovide Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-naphthalen-1-yl ester (957 mg, 48%).

2-{5-[4-(5-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.30 g, 2.96 mmol), Trifluoro-methanesulfonicacid 5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-naphthalen-1-yl ester (982 mg, 2.31mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (134 mg, 0.116 mmol) and potassium carbonate (639 mg,4.62 mmol) were suspended in toluene. After degassing with nitrogen for28 min, the stirred suspension was heated to 100° C. for 18 hours. Thereaction mixture was then cooled to RT, diluted with ethyl acetate (250mL), washed with water, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (0% to 60% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide2-{5-[4-(5-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.09 g, 80%).

2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-{5-[4-(5-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (468 mg, 0.796 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (202mg, 0.796 mmol), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (29 mg, 0.0398 mmol) and potassium acetate(234 mg, 2.39 mmol) were suspended in dioxane (4 mL) and heated to 100°C. for 90 min. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture was dilutedwith ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water and brine. The organicphase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The resultingresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (40% to 60%EtOAc/hexanes) to provide2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (450 mg, 100%).

2-(5-{4-[5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (159 mg, 0.281 mmol),2-(5-Bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (178 mg (0.562 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (65 mg, 0.0562 mmol) and K₂CO₃(0.281 mL of a 2 M aqueous solution, 0.562 mmol) were combined in1,2-dimethoxyethane (3 mL) and degassed with bubbling N₂ for 12 min. Themixture was then heated to 85° C. for 22 hours then cooled to RT,diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) and washed with water and brine. Theorganic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. Thecrude residue was purified by silica column chromatography (80% to 100%EtOAc/hexanes) to afford2-(5-{4-[5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (42 mg, 22%).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(5-{4-[5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (41 mg, 0.0607 mg) was dissolved in methanol (5mL) and concentrated HCl (1 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at60° C. for 2 hours then cooled and concentrated. To the residue wasadded 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (32 mg, 0.182 mmol),HATU (51 mg, 0.133 mmol) and DMF (2 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0° C.and DIPEA (0.063 mL, 0.364 mmol) was added. After 30 min, water (1 mL)was added and the mixture was filtered and purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC, giving[1-(2-{5-[4-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-1-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (17.6 mg, 38%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 8.03 (d,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.57 (m, 6H),7.16 (m, 1H), 5.28 (m, 2H), 4.25 (m, 2H), 4.11 (m, 3H), 3.86 (m, 3H),3.67 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.59 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.04 (m, 8H), 0.95-0.89(m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 789 [M+H]⁺.

Example CP

{1-[2-(5-{4-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(5-{4-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (98 mg, 0.173 mmol),2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (102 mg, 0.260 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (40 mg, 0.035 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (0.173 mL of a 2 M aqueous solution, 0.346 mmol)were suspended in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The mixture was degassed for 10min then heated to 85° C. for 4 hours. The contents were then cooled toRT, diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL), washed with water and brine,dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (80% to 100% EtOAc/hexanes) toprovide{1-[2-(5-{4-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert butyl ester (28 mg, 22%). The Suzuki product was dissolved inmethanol (5 mL) and treated with concentrated HCl (1 mL). The mixturewas heated to 60° C. for 100 min then cooled and concentrated. To theresidue was added 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (20 mg,0.112 mmol), HATU (31 mg, 0.0821 mmol) and DMF (2 mL). The stirredmixture was cooled to 0° C. then DIPEA (0.033 mL, 0.187 mmol) was added.After 50 min, the reaction mixture was diluted with 1 mL of water andpurified by reverse phase preparative HPLC to provide{1-[2-(5-{4-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (12 mg, 38%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 7.89-7.87 (m,4H), 7.80-7.78 (m, 4H), 7.49-7.41 (m, 8H), 5.22 (m, 2H), 4.26 (m, 2H),4.02 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 2.40-2.19 (m, 6H), 2.11-2.03(m, 4H), 0.96 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.92 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (ESI) m/z865 [M+H]⁺.

Example CQ

2-[5-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-(5-Bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (4 g, 12.65 mmol) was dissolved in DMF and cooled to 0° C. NaH(658 mg of 60% mineral oil dispersion, 16.45 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was aged for 13 min before addition of SEMCl (2.7 mL,15.18 mmol) and warming to RT. After 16 h, the reaction was quenched bywater, diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and washed with water andbrine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (10% to 30% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford2-[5-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4.67 g, 83%).

2-[5-Formyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (3.804 g, 8.52 mmol) was dissolved in THF (42 mL)and cooled to −78° C. n-BuLi (3.4 mL of a 2.5 M hexane solution, 8.52mmol) was added dropwise over 3 min. After 65 min, DMF (4 mL) was addedand the reaction mixture was warmed to RT. After stirring at RT for 75min, a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (50 mL) was addedand the entire content of the flask was poured into saturated aqueoussodium bicarbonate. The aqueous phase was extracted 3 times with diethylether. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate,concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography (30% to 70%EtOAc/hexanes) to provide2-[5-Formyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.50 g, 45%).

2-[5-Ethynyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-Formyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.625 g, 4.11 mmol) anddimethyl-1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate (1.056 g, 5.50 mmol) weredissolved in 1:1 MeOH/THF (10 mL) and potassium carbonate (1.14 g, 8.25mmol) was added. After stirring for 200 min, more potassium carbonate(1.14 g, 8.25 mmol) was added. 45 min later, the reaction mixture waspoured into 100 mL 1:1 water/saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. Theaqueous phase was extracted 3 times with diethyl ether. The combinedorganic phases were dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated. Thecrude residue was purified by silica column chromatography (20% to 45%EtOAc/hexanes) to afford2-[5-Ethynyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.234 g, 77%).

{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-4H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-Ethynyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.002 g, 2.56 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (5mL) and 4 M HCl in dioxane (5 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred for 3 hours and concentrated. To the residue was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (561 mg, 3.20 mmol), HATU(1.22 g, 3.20 mmol) and DMF (15 mL). The stirred reaction mixture wascooled to 0° C. and DIPEA (2.23 mL, 12.8 mmol) was added). Afterstirring for 3 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetateand washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate andbrine. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (40% to 75% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide the coupledcompound (741 mg, 65% over 2 steps). This material was dissolved indichloromethane (10 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added. Thestirred reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 4 h, then cooled toRT, and poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate.The aqueous phase was extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. Thecombined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (0% to 10% MeOH/DMC) to provide{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (525 mg, 100%).

(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (46 mg, 0.144 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (78 mg, 0.173 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (17 mg, 0.0144 mmol),CuI (5 mg, 0.0288 mmol) and triethylamine (0.200 mL, 1.44 mmol) weresuspended in DMF (1.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C.for 2 hours then 1 mL of water was added and the mixture was purified byreverse phase preparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (24 mg, 24%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 7.65 (d, J=8.2hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=8.2 hz, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.98 (m,1H), 5.17 (m, 1H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.01-3.79 (m, 4H),3.66 (s, 6H), 2.37-2.00 (m, 10H), 0.99-0.89 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 687[M+H]⁺.

Example CR

(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-buta-1,3-diynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Triethylamine (0.270 mL, 1.92 mmol) was added to amixture of{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (61 mg, 0.192 mmol), PhI(OAc)₂ (247 mg, 0.766 mmol),PdCl₂ (7 mg, 0.0389 mmol), PPh₃ (30 mg, 0.115 mmol) and CuI (7 mg,0.0389 mmol) in THF (2 mL). After 50 min, the reaction mixture wasfiltered, concentrated and purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC,giving(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-buta-1,3-diynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (3 mg, 5%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 7.33 (s, 2H),6.95 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 5.07 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.82(m, 2H), 3.64 (s, 6H), 2.31-1.98 (m, 10H), 1.02-0.87 (m, 12H); MS (ESI)m/z 635 [M+H]⁺.

Example CS

(1-{2-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (62 mg, 0.195 mmol),(1-{2-[6-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (73 mg, 0.146 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (11 mg, 0.00975 mmol),CuI (4 mg, 0.0195 mmol) and triethylamine (0.271 mL, 1.95 mmol) weresuspended in DMF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for3 hours then 1 mL of water was added and the mixture was purified byreverse phase preparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (12 mg, 11%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 7.66-7.64 (m,2H), 7.59-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 5.28 (m, 1H), 5.12(m, 1H), 4.28-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.04-3.82 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s,3H), 2.43-2.01 (m, 10H), 0.99-0.87 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 737 [M+H]⁺.

Example CT

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (57 mg, 0.179 mmol), 1,4-dibromobenzene (211 mg, 0.895mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (10 mg, 0.00895 mmol), CuI (3 mg, 0.0179 mmol) andtriethylamine (0.249 mL, 1.79 mmol) were suspended in DMF (2 mL) and themixture was degassed for 10 min with nitrogen. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 80° C. for 70 min then diluted with 20 mL ethyl acetate andwashed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organicphase was dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The cruderesidue was purified by silica column chromatography (0% to 5% MeOH/DCM)to afford (1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (43 mg, 51%).

(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (49 mg, 0.154 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (43 mg, 0.0908 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (10 mg, 0.00908 mmol),CuI (2 mg, 0.00908 mmol) and triethylamine (0.127 mL, 0.908 mmol) weresuspended in DMF (2 mL) and the mixture was degassed for 10 min withnitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 hours thencooled to RT. Formic acid (0.1 mL) and water (1 mL) were added and themixture was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (11 mg, 17%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 7.46 (d, J=3.9Hz, 4H), 7.25 (s, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.10 (m, 2H), 4.20 (m,2H), 3.97 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.64 (s, 6H), 2.32-2.00 (m, 10H),0.98-0.88 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 711 [M+H]⁺.

Example CU

(1-{2-[5-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-naphthalen-1-ylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (98 mg, 0.207 mmol), trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-naphthalen-1-yl ester (29 mg, 0.0683mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (12 mg, 0.0104 mmol), CuI (2 mg, 0.0104 mmol) andtriethylamine (0.144 mL, 1.04 mmol) were suspended in DMF (2 mL) and themixture was degassed for 10 min with nitrogen. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 80° C. for 90 min then cooled to RT. Formic acid (0.1 mL) andwater (1 mL) were added and the mixture was purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-naphthalen-1-ylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (30 mg, 58%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 8.38 (d, J=8.2Hz, 2H), 7.71 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.35 (s, 2H), 6.96(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.13 (m, 2H), 4.20 (m, 2H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m,2H), 3.63 (s, 6H), 2.33-1.98 (m, 10H), 0.97-0.87 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z761 [M+H]⁺.

Example CV

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (44 mg, 0.138 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (67 mg, 0.128 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (15 mg, 0.0128 mmol),CuI (2 mg, 0.0128 mmol) and triethylamine (0.180 mL, 1.28 mmol) weresuspended in DMF (2 mL) and the mixture was degassed for 10 min withnitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 15 hours thencooled to RT. Formic acid (0.1 mL) and water (1 mL) were added and themixture was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (12 mg, 12%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 7.73 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.66-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.52 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.24(s, 1H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 5.18 (m, 1H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.19 (m, 2H),4.01-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.65 (s, 6H), 2.37-2.01 (m, 10H), 1.00-0.88 (m, 12H);MS (ESI) m/z 763 [M+H]⁺.

Example CW

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (53 mg, 0.166 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (100 mg, 0.200 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (19 mg, 0.0166 mmol),CuI (3 mg, 0.0166 mmol) and triethylamine (0.230 mL, 1.66 mmol) weresuspended in DMF (2 mL) and the mixture was degassed for 10 min withnitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 1 hours thencooled to RT. Formic acid (0.1 mL) and water (1 mL) were added and themixture was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (24 mg, 20%). (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) 12.00-11.85 (m, 2H),7.99-7.83 (m, 4H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.29 (m,2H), 5.10 (m, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.54(s, 6H), 2.15-1.97 (m, 10H), 0.94-0.81 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 737[M+H]⁺.

Example CX

2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: 4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylamine hydrochloride (1 g, 4.16mmol), Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (1.08 g,5.00 mmol) and HATU (2.06 g, 5.41 mmol) were suspended in DMF (20 mL)and DIPEA (2.20 mL, 12.5 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 16hours before being diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL) and washed withwater and brine. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (25% to 45% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.66 g, 99%).

{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.66 g, 4.14 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (20 mL)and concentrated HCl (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C.for 80 min then cooled and concentrated. The residue was treated with2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (870 mg, 4.97 mmol) andHATU (2.05 g, 5.38 mmol) and brought up in DMF (20 mL). The mixture wascooled to 0° C. and DIPEA (3.60 mL, 20.7 mmol). After 100 min, thereaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL) and washed withwater and brine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (50% to 80% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.83 g, 96% over 2 steps).

(2-Methyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (409 mg, 0.893 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (249 mg,0.982 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (20 mg, 0.0223 mmol), tris(cyclohexyl)phosphine(30 mg, 0.107 mmol) and potassium acetate (131 mg, 1.34 mmol) weresuspended in dioxane (5 mL) and degassed with nitrogen for 4 min. Thestirred suspension was heated to 80° C. for 14 hours before being cooledto RT, diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL) and washed with water andbrine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(55% to 85% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford(2-Methyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (491 mg, 100%).

{1-[2-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-3″-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:(2-Methyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (135 mg, 0.246 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (110 mg, 0.246 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (14 mg, 0.0123 mmol)and a 2 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (0.246 mL, 0.492 mmol)were degassed in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (2.5 mL) for 13 min. The stirredsuspension was heated to 85° C. for 3 hours then concentrated, broughtup in DMF/water and purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC toprovide{1-[2-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-3″-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (10 mg, 5%). (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 7.90 (s, 1H),7.82-7.66 (m, 8H), 7.54-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.37 (m, 2H), 4.59 (m, 1H),4.24 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.73 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.02(m, 10H), 1.15-0.88 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 792 [M+H]⁺.

Example CY

(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester:4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-phenylboronic acid (500 mg, 2.11 mmol),1,4-dibromo-benzene (2.00 g, 8.44 mmol) Pd(PPh₃)₄ (122 mg, 0.106 mmol)and a 2 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (4.2 mL, 8.44 mmol)were degassed in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (20 mL) for 10 min. The stirredsuspension was heated to 80° C. for 3 hours then diluted with ethylacetate (60 mL) and washed with water and brine. The organic phase wasdried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purifiedby silica column chromatography (0% to 20% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (430 mg, 59%).

2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: (4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (407 mg, 1.17 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) andconcentrated HCl (2 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at 60° C.for 1 hour then concentrated. The crude residue was treated withBoc-Pro-OH (302 mg, 1.40 mmol) and HATU (578 mg, 1.52 mmol) andsuspended in DMF (6 mL). DIPEA (1.02 mL, 5.85 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hours after which it wasdiluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with water and brine. Theorganic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (30% to 55%EtOAc/hexanes) to afford2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (496 mg, 95% over 2 steps).

{1-[2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (496 mg, 1.11 mmol) was dissolved in methanol andconcentrated HCl (2 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at 60° C.for 30 min then concentrated. The resulting residue was treated with2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (233 mg, 1.33 mmol), HATU(549 mg, 1.44 mmol) and DMF (10 mL). After cooling this mixture to 0°C., DIPEA (0.970 mL, 5.55 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture wasStirred for 5 hours then diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL) and washedwith water and brine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfateand concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (70% to 90% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford{1-[2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (520 mg, 93% over 2 steps).

2-Methyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (154 mg, 0.307 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (156 mg,0.613 mmol), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (11 mg, 0.0154 mmol) and potassium acetate (90mg, 1.21 mmol) were suspended in dioxane and degassed for 15 min. Thestirred reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 2 hours then cooledto RT, diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water andbrine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography(70% to 90% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford(2-Methyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (127 mg, 75%).

{1-[2-(4″-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:(2-Methyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (102 mg, 0.227 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (125 mg, 0.227 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (13 mg, 0.0114 mmol)and a 2 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (0.227 mL, 0.454 mmol)were degassed in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (2 mL) for 15 min. The stirredsuspension was heated to 85° C. for 4 hours then concentrated, broughtup in DMF/water and purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC toprovide{1-[2-(4″-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (49 mg, 27%). (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) 11.78 (s, 1H), 10.14(s, 1H), 7.82-7.67 (m, 11H), 7.52 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.28 (m, 2H),5.08 (m, 1H), 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.81 (m, 3H), 3.64 (m, 1H),3.54 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.17-1.88 (m, 10H), 0.97-0.85 (m, 12H); MS(ESI) m/z 792 [M+H]⁺.

Example CZ

2-[5-(4′-Chloro-2′-cyano-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (2 g, 4.55 mmol), 2-Bromo-5-chloro-benzonitrile(985 mg, 4.55 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (263 mg, 0.228 mmol) and a 2 M aqueoussolution of potassium carbonate (4.6 mL, 9.2 mmol) were suspended in1,2-methoxyethane (20 mL) and degassed for 10 min. The stirred reactionmixture was heated to 85° C. for 21 hours then poured into a saturatedaqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (250 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted 3times with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were dried overmagnesium sulfate and concentrated. The crude residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (65% to 90% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford2-[5-(4′-Chloro-2′-cyano-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.65 g, 81%).

2-{5-[2′-Cyano-4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-(4′-Chloro-2′-cyano-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.68 g, 3.74 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.43g, 5.61 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (86 mg, 0.0935 mmol), x-phos (214 mg, 0.449mmol) and potassium acetate (1.10 g, 11.22 mmol) were suspended indioxane (20 mL) and degassed for 10 min with nitrogen. The stirredreaction mixture was heated to 90° C. for 15 h, then cooled and filteredover a bed of silica, eluting with ethyl acetate until all desiredproduct was removed. The liquid was concentrated and the resultingresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (55% to 80%EtOAc/hexanes) to afford2-{5-[2′-Cyano-4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.57 g, 78%).

(1-{2-[5-(2′-Cyano-4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-{5-[2′-Cyano-4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.60 g, 2.96 mmol),2-(5-Bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (935 mg, 2.96 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (171 mg, 0.148 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂(121 mg, 0.148 mmol) and a 2 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate(3 mL, 6 mmol) were suspended in 1,2-dimethoxyethane and degassed for 11min. The stirred reaction mixture was heated to 85° C. for 100 min, thenpoured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (200 mL)and extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layerswere dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The crude residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (5% to 10% MeOH/DCM) toafford the Suzuki coupled product (438 mg, 23%). This material (174 mg,0.268 mmol) was treated with 4 M HCl in dioxane (4 mL). Solubility waspoor so 2 mL dichloromethane and 4 mL DMF were added. After stirring for40 min, the mixture was concentrated. The crude residue was treated with2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (103 mg, 0.590 mmol), HATU(255 mg, 0.670 mmol) and DMF (5 mL) and cooled to 0° C. DIPEA (0.470 mL,2.68 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hoursthen poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (200mL) and extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organiclayers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The cruderesidue was brought up in DMF and water and purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC, giving(1-{2-[5-(2′-Cyano-4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (75 mg, 37%). (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 8.19-7.35 (m, 11H),5.18 (m, 2H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.03-4.86 (m, 4H), 3.65 (s, 6H), 2.37-2.00(m, 10H), 1.00-0.90 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 764 [M+H]⁺.

Example DA and DB

3-(2-Amino-4-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To a solution of2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester(0.327 g, 1.36 mmol, 1 eq.), 4-Bromo-benzene-1,2-diamine (0.507 g, 2.71mmol, 2 eq.) and 4-methylmorpholine (0.299 mL, 2 eq.) in 10 mL DMF wasadded HATU (0.543 g, 1.05 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour then concentrated down. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with ethyl acetate and washed with diluted NaHCO3 aqueoussolution and brine. The organic layer was concentrated down and purifiedby flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethylacetate/hexane) to give a mixture of regioisomer3-(2-Amino-4-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

3-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The above mixture of regioisomer3-(2-Amino-4-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was dissolved in ethanol and heated to 130° C. insealed tube overnight and continue heating at 170° C. for 3 days. LC-MSshowed desired product and Boc cleaved product (about 1:1 ratio). Themixture was concentrated down and dissolved DCM. Di-tert-butyldicarbonate (0.6 eq.) was added and reaction was stirred overnight atroom temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated down andpurified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethylacetate/hexane) to give3-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.383 g, 72%) as an orange foam.

3-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of3-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (264 mg, 0.673 mmol), Benzene-1,4-diboronic aciddipinocal ester (5 eq., 3.36 g, 6.95 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 39 mg) and 2M potassiumcarbonate aqueous solution (3 eq., 1.01 mL) in 5 mL DME was heated to90° C. under Ar for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled down anddiluted in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified byflash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 60% ethyl acetate/hexane)to give3-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (295 mg, yield 85%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₀H₃₈BN₃O₄: 515.45. Found: 516.1 (M+H⁺).

3-(6-{4′-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and3-(6-{4′-[2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (295 mg, 0.573 mmol, 1 eq.),3-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (269 mg, 0.687 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 33 mg) and 2M potassiumcarbonate aqueous solution (5 eq., 1.43 mL) in 5 mL DME was heated to90° C. under Argon overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled anddissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified byflash column chromatography (silica gel, 50 to 100% ethylacetate/hexane) to give3-(6-{4′-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (163 mg, yield 40%) and trace amount of byproduct3-(6-{4′-[2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. LCMS-ESI⁻ of3-(6-{4′-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: calc'd for C₄₂H₄₈N₆O₄: 700.87. Found: 701.1(M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DA) and(1-{3-[6-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DB): 4N HCl in dioxane (3 mL)was added to3-(6-{4′-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and3-(6-{4′-[2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester mixture (163 mg, 0.233 mmol) in 3 mL DCM and thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Thereaction mixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. Theresidue was dissolved in DMF (3 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2.1 eq., 85 mg),4-methylmorpholine (6 eq., 0.15 mL), followed by HATU (2 eq., 181 mg).Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 50 minutes. The reactionmixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%MeCN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DA) (102 mg) and byproduct(1-{3-[6-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DB) (10.6 mg).

Example DA: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.80 (m,12H), 7.40-7.20 (m, 2H), 5.18-5.10 (m, 1H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H),4.20-4.10 (m, 3H), 3.92-3.78 (m, 3H), 3.55 (d, 6H), 2.76 (m, 1H),2.40-1.55 (m, 10H), 0.95-0.78 (m, 12H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₄N₈O₆: 814.97. Found: 815.4 (M+H⁺).

Example DB (byproduct): ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 7.95-7.72 (m,14H), 7.38-7.24 (m, 2H), 4.75 (m, 2H), 4.55 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.16 (m, 3H),3.55 (d, 6H), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.40-1.55 (m, 9H), 0.95-0.78 (m, 12H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₂H₅₈N₈O₆: 891.07. Found: 891.4 (M+H⁺).

Example DC

2,2′-Diiodo-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester:Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (5 g, 18.5 mmol) andsilver sulfate (17 g, 54.5 mmol) were dissolved in 60 mL concentratedsulfuric acid with vigorous stirring. Iodine (11 g, 43.3 mmol) was addedportion wise to give a purple solution which was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. forovernight. The reaction mixture was cooled down, poured into ice waterand sodium thiosulfate solution. Brown solid was formed, filtered anddried over vacuum at 80° C. The brown solid was extracted using aSoxhlet extraction with methanol in two batches. The productcrystallized during extraction. Crystal was collected and dried to givea yellow solid 2,2′-Diiodo-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dimethylester (5.7 g, 59%).

2,2′-Diiodo-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid:2,2′-Diiodo-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (3.24 g, 6.21mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL THF and KOH (1.02 g, 2.5 eq.) was added,followed by 5 mL water. The reaction was stirred at room tempatureovernight. The reaction was heated to 50° C. for 7 hours. The reactionwas cooled to room temprature. Organic solvent was removed by rotovap.The aqueous layer was acidified with concentrated HCl to give pale whitesolid. The solid was filtered and dried on vacumm overnight to give theproduct 2,2′-Diiodo-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (2.74 g, yield 89%).

Dibenzothiophene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid: A mixture of2,2′-Diiodo-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (450 mg, 0.912 mmol, 1 eq.)and potassium carbonate (189 mg, 1.5 eq.) in 5 mL DMF was heated to 100°C. to give a reddish brown mixture. Sodium sulfide (36 mg, 0.5 eq.) andcopper(I) iodide (17 mg, 0.1 eq.) were added and reaction mixture washeated to 150° C. under a slow stream of Ar. CuI (100 mg) was added andfollowed by sodium sulfide (100 mg). The reaction was kept at 150° C.overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with 25 mL water and activecarbon (10 g) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 10 minutes thenfiltered through CELITE pad into 6N HCL (50 mL) and washed with water.The solid was formed and cooled to room tempature and filtered andwashed with and dired to give product Dibenzothiophene-3,7-dicarboxylicacid (179 mg, 72%).

2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-ethanone: A mixtureof dibenzothiophene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid (179 mg, 0.644 mmol), oxalylchloride (0.56 mL, 6.44 mmol) and 1 drop of DMF in 6 mL DCM was stirredat room tempature overnight. The resulting cloudy yellow solution wasconcentrated and co-evaporated with toluene. The residue was suspendedin 6 mL DCM and cooled to 0° C. TMS diazomethane (1 ml, 3 eq.) was addedto the reaction mixture dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for1 hour and then warmed to room temperature overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to give a brown solid. The solid was suspended in 5 mLethyl acetate and treated with 5.7 M HBr in HOAc (0.28 mL, 2.5 eq.) at0° C. The mixture was warmed to room temprature over 2 hours. And thenstirred at room temprature for 1 hour. Solid sodium bicarbonate wasadded and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was diluted with sodiumbicarbonate solution and extracted with ethylacetate 3 times. Theorganic layer was concentrated down and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to giveimpure product2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-ethanone.

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

The mixture of above impure2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-ethanone,Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (2.1 eq.), and DIEA(2.07 eq.) in 5 mL MeCN was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thereaction mixture was concentrated down and diluted with ethyl acetate,washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated down. The residuewas dissolved in 1.5 mL xylenes and ammonium acetate (65 mg, 15 eq.) wasadded. The reaction was heated to 110° C. for 2 days. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. NaHCO3 aqueous solution. Theorganic layer was concentrated down and purified by preparative reversephase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% MeCN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product waslyophilized to give2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (12.4 mg). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₃₆H₄₂N₆O₄S:654.82. Found: 655.0 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DC): 4 N HCl in dioxane (1 mL)was added to2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (12.4 mg, 0.014 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolvedin DMF (1 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2.08 eq., 5.1 mg),4-methylmorpholine (6 eq., 9.2 μL), followed by HATU (2.04 eq., 10.9mg). Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 90 minutes. The reactionmixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%MeCN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DC) (8.1 mg, 58%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.41-8.25 (m, 4H), 7.92-7.78 (m, 4H),5.22 (m, 2H), 4.22 (m, 2H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.62 (d, 6H),2.60-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.30-1.92 (m, 8H), 0.97-0.82 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₀H₄₈N₈O₆S: 768.92. Found: 769.3 (M+H⁺).

Example DD

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5-oxo-5H-5λ⁴-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DD):(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.0041 mmol., 4 mg) was dissolved in 1 mL DCM andcooled to −40° C. mCPBA (0.4 mg, 0.9 eq.) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at −40° C. for 2 hours and warmed up to 0° C. over 2hours, then warmed up to room temperature overnight. The reactionmixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give a yellow powder(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5-oxo-5H-5λ⁴-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DD) (0.6 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.36 (m, 2H), 8.18-7.90 (m, 6H), 5.22 (m,2H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.61 (d, 6H), 2.56-1.96(m, 10H), 0.97-0.84 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₀H₄₈N₈O₆S: 768.92.Found: 769.3 (M+H⁺).

Example DE

Dibenzothiophene 5-oxide: A solution of mCPBA (8.27 g, 36.9 mmol) in 71mL chloroform was added dropwise over 30 minutes to a solution ofdibenzothiophene in 89 mL chloroform at −35° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at −35° C. for 1 hour and then warmed up to room. The reactionwas quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution. Theorganic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solutiontwice and dried over MgSO4, concentrated down to give an off-whitesolid. The solid was dissolved in refluxing ethanol and slowly cooled toroom temperature to give a white crystalline solid Dibenzothiophene5-oxide (5.65 g, 76%). LCMS-ESI″: calc'd for C₁₂H₈OS: 200.26. Found:200.9 (M+H⁺).

3,7-Dinitro-dibenzothiophene 5-oxide: A solution of Dibenzothiophene5-oxide (5.34 g, 26.7 mmol) in concentrated sulfuric acid (120 mL) wascooled to 6° C. Nitric acid (108 mL) was added slowly so that theinternal temperature stayed at 10° C. The reaction was stirred at 10° C.for 30 minutes then warmed up to room temperature over 30 minutes. Thereaction mixture was poured into ice and formed precipitate. Theprecipitate was washed with water and dried to give a yellow solid3,7-Dinitro-dibenzothiophene 5-oxide (7.8 g, still containing some waterand inorganic material).

Dibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine: Two batches of the above solid3,7-dinitro-dibenzothiophene 5-oxide was hydrogenated at 45 psi inethanol (250 mL for each batch) with 10% Pd on carbon (0.46 g eachbatch) for 2 hours. Two batches were combined and filtered throughCELITE to give an orange solution. Hydrogen chloride gas was bubbledinto the solution to form precipitate (at pH 1). The precipitate wasfiltered and washed with small amount of ethanol and dried on vacuum togive an orange solid Dibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine (2.46 g). LCMS-ESI⁻:calc'd for C₁₂H₁₀N₂S: 214.29. Found: 215.0 (M+H⁺).

3,7-Dibromo-dibenzothiophene: A suspension ofDibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine (2.46 g, 8.57 mmol) in water (16 mL) andconcentrated HCl (4.3 mL) was cooled to 5° C. (internal temperature). Asolution of sodium nitrite (1.54 g, 25.67 mmol) in water (5 mL) wasadded dropwise so that the internal temperature didn't exceed to 10° C.After 1 hour the reaction mixture was poured into a solution of CuBr(1.8 g, 12.55 mmol) in 48% HBr (18 mL). The mixture was transferred intoa 1 L 3 neck flask using water (100 mL) and refluxed for 2 hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled down and poured into ice water mixture.Precipitate formed and collected by filtration, dried and purified byflash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 10% MeOH/ethyl acetate) togive a white solid 3,7-Dibromo-dibenzothiophene (1.6 g, 55%).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester

[1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(3%, 69 mg,0.098 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (3%, 113 mg, 0.098mmol) were added to the mixture of 3,7-Dibromo-dibenzothiophene (1.12 g,3.27 mmol) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (1.2 eq., 1.33 mL) in 25 mLdioxane. The reaction was heated to 80° C. under Ar overnight. Thereaction was cooled to room temprature. 8 mL water was added andfollowed by NBS (1 eq., 699 mg). The reaction was stirred at room for 1hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washedwith saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer dried(MgSO4), concentrated down and dried on vacuum to give a residue whichwas used in next step.

The residue was dissolved in 20 mL anhydrous DMF. Boc-L-Pro-OH (4 eq.,2.815 g) was added, followed by DIEA (3.5 eq., 1.60 mL) in 20 mL MeCNand 15 mL DMF dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction crude was diluted with EtOAc and washed withsaturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried(MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 0 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to givePyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester(593 mg, yield 33%) and bis product. LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₂₄H₂₄BrNO₅S:518.42. Found: 541.9 (M+Na⁺).

2-[5-(7-Bromo-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 10 mL Xylenes was added to the mixture ofPyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester(514 mg, 0.99 mmol) and ammonia acetate (20 eq., 1.53 g). The mixturewas heated in microwave at 140° C. for 60 minutes. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. NaHCO₃ aqueous solution. Theorganic layer was concentrated down and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-[5-(7-Bromo-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (391 mg, yield 79%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₂₄H₂₄BrN₃O₂S: 498.44. Found: 499.9 (M+Na⁺).

3-(6-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

A mixture of2-[5-(7-Bromo-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (300 mg, 0.48 mmol, 1 eq.),3-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.1 eq., 530 mg),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(3%, 12 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (3%, 17 mg) and 2N potassiumcarbonate aqueous solution (3.3 eq., 0.8 mL) in 2 mL DME was heated to80° C. under Argon for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled anddiluted in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified byflash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethylacetate/hexane) to give a yellow foam3-(6-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (245 mg, yield 70%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₂H₄₆N₆O₄S: 730.92. Found: 731.2 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DE): 4N HCl in dioxane (3 mL) was added to3-(6-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (141 mg, 0.194 mmol) in 3 mL DCM. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixturewas concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue wasdissolved in DMF (4 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2.08 eq., 71 mg),4-methylmorpholine (6 eq., 0.12 mL), followed by HATU (2.04 eq., 150mg). Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was diluted in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20%MeOH/ethyl acetate), followed by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI,5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DE) (121 mg, 59%). ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆)δ: 8.60-8.40 (m, 4H), 8.16 (m, 1H), 8.01 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, 2H), 7.76 (m,1H), 7.33 (m, 2H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.56 (d, 1H), 4.22-4.08(m, 3H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.55 (d, 6H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.30-1.50 (m, 9H),0.96-0.75 (m, 12H). ¹⁹F-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: −112.88. LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₆H₅₂N₈O₆S: 845.02. Found: 845.4 (M+H⁺).

Example DF

2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester

[1,1′-Bis(triphenylphosphine) dichloropalladium(II)(3%, 14 mg, 0.02mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (3%, 23 mg, 0.02 mmol)were added to the mixture of Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester(345 mg, 0.665 mmol) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (1.2 eq., 0.269 mL)in 5 mL dioxane. The reaction was heated to 80° C. under Are for 4hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. 1.5 mL water wasadded and followed by NBS (1 eq., 142 mg). The reaction was stirred atroom for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate andwashed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layerdried (MgSO4), concentrated down and dried on vacuum to give residuewhich was used in next step.

The residue was dissolved in 4 mL anhydrous DMF.2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester (2eq., 321 mg, 1.33 mmol g) was added, followed by TEA (2.2 eq., 204 mg)in 4 mL MeCN and 3 mL DMF dropwise. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction crude was diluted with EtOAc andwashed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layerdried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 0 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl)ester 2-tert-butyl ester as a yellow residue (92.5 mg, yield 19%).LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₃₈H₄₄N₂O₁₀S: 720.83. Found: 743.2 (M+Na⁺).

3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 3 mL Xylenes was added to2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester (92.5 mg, 0.128 mmol) and ammonia acetate (20 eq.,198 mg). The mixture was heated in microwave at 140° C. for 60 minutes.The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. NaHCO3 aqueoussolution. The organic layer was concentrated down and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) togive3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (62 mg, yield 71%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₈H₄₄N₆O₄S: 680.86. Found: 681.2 (M+H⁺).

(2-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DF): 4N HCl in dioxane (1 mL) was added to3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (62 mg, 0.091 mmol) in 2 mL DCM. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixturewas concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue wasdissolved in DMF (2 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (2.08 eq., 28 mg),4-methylmorpholine (6 eq., 0.06 mL), followed by HATU (2.04 eq., 71 mg).Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20%MeOH/ethyl acetate), followed by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI,5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(2-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DF) (52.7 mg, 60%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.60-8.40 (m, 4H), 8.12 (m, 2H), 8.01 (m,1H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.40 (m, 2H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 4.70 (m, 1H),4.50-4.30 (m, 3H), 3.54 (d, 6H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.42-1.50 (m, 6H),1.30-1.10 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₄₄N₈O₆S: 738.86. Found:739.3 (M+H⁺).

Example DG

(2-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DG): 4N HCl in dioxane (2 mL) was added to3-(6-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzothiophen-3-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (103 mg, 0.141 mmol) in 3 mL DCM. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixturewas concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue wasdissolved in DMF (2 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (2.08 eq., 43 mg),4-methylmorpholine (6 eq., 0.093 mL), followed by HATU (2.04 eq., 109mg). Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20%MeOH/ethyl acetate), followed by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI,5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(2-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-dibenzothiophen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DG) (91.3 mg, 80%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.60-8.52 (m, 2H), 8.44 (m, 2H), 8.15 (m,1H), 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 7.80 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.42 (m, 2H), 5.15(m, 1H), 4.70 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.30 (m, 3H), 3.54 (d, 6H), 2.76 (m, 1H),2.42-1.50 (m, 12H), 1.30-1.10 (m, 6H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₂H₄₄N₈O₆S: 788.91. Found: 789.4 (M+H⁺).

Example DH

6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid5-tert-butyl ester (350 mg, 1.45 mmol) was mixed with HATU (551 mg, 1.45mmol) in DMF (5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for30 minutes. 2-Amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone bis HCl salt (416 mg,1.45 mmol) in 2 mL DMF was added, followed by DIEA (3.5 eq., 0.88 mL)dropwise at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 40 minutes. Thereaction mixture was diluted in ethyl acetate and washed with saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (424 mg, 67%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₂₀H₂₅BrN₂O₄:437.33. Found: 460.1 (M+Na⁺).

6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 15 mL Xylenes was added to6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (424 mg, 0.97 mmol) and ammonium acetate (20 eq.,1.5 g). The mixture was heated in microwave at 140° C. for 60 minutes.The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. NaHCO3 aqueoussolution. The organic layer was concentrated down and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) togive6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (249 mg, yield 61%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₂₀H₂₄BrN₃O₂: 418.33. Found: 418. (M+H⁺).

3-(6-{4′-[2-(5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

A mixture of6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (101 mg, 0.243 mmol, 1 eq.),3-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (150 mg, 0.291 mmol, 1.2 eq.),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 17 mg) and 2M potassiumcarbonate aqueous solution (5 eq., 0.73 mL) in 1.5 mL DME was heated to90° C. under Are overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled anddissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby flash column chromatography (silica gel, 50 to 100% ethylacetate/hexane) to give3-(6-{4′-[2-(5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (53 mg, yield 26%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₄H₅₀N₆O₄: 726.91. Found: 727.2 (M+H⁺).

(1-{6-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DH): 4N HCl in dioxane (2 mL)was added to3-(6-{4′-[2-(5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (53 mg, 0.073 mmol) in 2 mL DCM and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2.1 eq., 26.6 mg),4-methylmorpholine (6 eq., 0.048 mL), followed by HATU (2 eq., 56 mg).Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 50 minutes. The reactionmixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{6-[5-(4′-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DH) (41.6 mg, 53%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.80 (m, 9H), 7.69 (m,2H), 7.40-7.24 (m, 2H), 5.25 (m, 1H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H),4.20-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.55 (d, 6H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.40-1.55 (m, 10H),0.95-0.65 (m, 12H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₄N₈O₆: 841.01. Found: 841.5 (M+H⁺).

Example DI

2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 10 mL Xylenes and 10 ml DME were added to themixture of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester (480 mg, 0.935 mmol) and ammonia acetate (20 eq.,1.44 g). The mixture was heated in microwave at 140° C. for 90 minutes.The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. NaHCO3 aqueoussolution. The organic layer was concentrated down and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) togive2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (246 mg, yield 53%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₂₆H₂₈BrN₃O₂: 494.42. Found: 495.5 (M+H⁺).

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (246 mg, 0.497 mmol),2-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1 eq., 206 mg),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(5%, 20 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 29 mg) and potassium acetate(2 eq., 137 mg) in 5 mL DME and 1 mL water was heated to 80° C. for 100minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with ethyl acetateand washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layerdried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (220 mg, yield 63%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₂H₄₈N₆O₄: 700.87. Found: 701.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example A): 4N HCl in dioxane (2 mL)was added to2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (220 mg, 0.314 mmol) in 1 mL DCM and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (3 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2.1 eq., 116 mg),diisopropyl ethylamine (5 eq., 270 μL), followed by HATU (2 eq., 239mg). Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DI) (115 mg, 45%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.02-7.95 (m, 3H), 7.95-7.80 (m, 3H),7.66-7.62 (m, 4H), 5.40-5.23 (m, 2H), 4.22 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 2H),3.96-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 3.00 (s, 4H), 2.60 (m, 2I), 2.40-2.18(m, 6H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₄N₈O₆: 814.97. Found: 815.4 (M+H⁺).

Example DJ

2,7-Dibromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluorene: Deoxofluor(bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride, 12 mL) was added to2,7-dibromo-fluoren-9-one (3 grams, 8.87 mmol), followed by 2 drops ofethanol. The reaction mixture was heated to 90° C. The reaction progresswas monitored by analytical HPLC and TLC (in pure hexane). The productis more non-polar than the starting material. The reaction was completeafter 2 days. The reaction mixture was cooled down, poured into icewater and neutralized by saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, then wasextracted using ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution twice. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4),concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0to 20% ethyl acetate/hexane) give product2,7-dibromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluorene (3.1 gram, yield 97%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 7.76 (s, 2H), 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.42 (d, 2H).¹⁹F-NMR: 300 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: −111.57.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester:[1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(5%, 82 mg)and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 115 mg) were added to themixture of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluorene (720 mg, 3 mmol) andtributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (1 eq., 0.677 mL) in 12 mL dioxane. Thereaction was heated to 70° C. under Argon for 4 hours. The reaction wascooled to room temprature. 3 mL water was added and followed by NBS (1eq., 356 mg). The reaction was stirred at room temprature overnight. Thereaction mixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed withsaturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4),concentrated down. The residue was dissolved in 15 mL anhydrous DMF.Boc-L-Pro-OH (4 eq., 1.72 g) was added, followed by DIEA (3.5 eq., 1.22mL) in 5 mL MeCN and 5 mL DMF dropwise. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 hours. The reaction crude was diluted with EtOAc andwashed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layerdried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to givepyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester (363 mg, yield 34%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₂₅H₂₄BrF₂NO₅: 536.36. Found: 560.0 (M+Na⁺), 535.9 (M−H).

2-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 10 mL Xylenes was added to the mixture ofpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester (363 mg, 0.677 mmol) and ammonia acetate (20 eq.,1.04 g). The mixture was heated in microwave at 140° C. for 90 minutes.The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with sat. NaHCO3 aqueoussolution. The organic layer was concentrated down and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) togive2-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (324 mg, yield 81%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₂₅H₂₄BrF₂N₃O₂: 516.38. Found: 517.9 (M+H⁺).

2-(5-{9,9-Difluoro-7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (137 mg, 0.265 mmol),2-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1 eq., 110 mg),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(5%, 11 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 16 mg) and potassiumcarbonate (2 eq., 73 mg) in 4 mL DME and 2 mL water was heated to 90° C.for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. Theorganic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-(5-{9,9-Difluoro-7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (83 mg, yield 43%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₁H₄₄F₂N₆O₄: 722.82. Found: 723.1 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DJ): TFA (2 mL)was added to2-(5-{9,9-Difluoro-7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (83 mg, 0.115 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolvedin DMF (3 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2 eq., 40 mg), diisopropylethylamine (6 eq., 120 μL), followed by HATU (2 eq., 88 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DJ) (37 mg, 39%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.05-7.82 (m, 9H), 5.40-5.22 (m, 2H),4.22 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 2.60 (m,2H), 2.42-2.18 (m, 6H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H). ¹⁹F-NMR: 300MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: −112.88. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₅₀F₂N₈O₆: 836.93.Found: 837.3 (M+H⁺).

Example DK

2-(5-{9,9-Difluoro-7-[2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (324 mg, 0.627 mmol),3-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.1 eq., 304 mg), [1,1′bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(3%, 15 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (3%, 22 mg) and potassiumcarbonate (3.3 eq., 285 mg) in 10 mL DME and 3 mL water was heated to90° C. under Argon for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled anddiluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethylacetate/hexane) to give2-(5-{9,9-Difluoro-7-[2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (361 mg, yield 77%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₃H₄₆F₂N₆O₄: 748.86. Found: 749.2 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DK): 4N HCl in dioxane (2 mL) was added to2-(5-{9,9-Difluoro-7-[2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (361 mg, 0.482 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolvedin DMF (5 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2 eq., 169 mg),diisopropyl ethylamine (6 eq., 0.5 mL), followed by HATU (2 eq., 367mg). Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 20%MeOH/ethyl acetate), followed by preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI,5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (285 mg, 59%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.05-7.82 (m, 9H), 5.40-5.22 (m, 2H),4.72 (m, 1H), 4.39 (d, 1H), 4.239d, 1H), 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H),3.62 (d, 6H), 2.98 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.18 (m, 4H), 2.18-1.92(m, 4H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.09-0.85 (m, 12H). ¹⁹F-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄)δ: −112.88. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₂F₂N₈O₆ 862.96. Found: 863.5(M+H⁺).

Example DL

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DL)

(1-{2-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (10 mg) is dissolve in MeCN (1 mL) and water (1 mL). 1drop of TFA was added. The mixture was treated with long wavelengh UVlight at room temprature for 2 hours. The reaction crude wasconcentrated down and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC(GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product was lyophilized to give(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DL) (3.7 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.05-7.82 (m, 9H), 5.27 (m, 2H), 4.72 (m,1H), 4.37 (d, 1H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.62 (d,6H), 2.98 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.18 (m, 4H), 2.18-1.92 (m, 4H),1.80 (m, 2H), 1.09-0.85 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₂F₂N₈O₆840.97. Found: 841.6 (M+H⁺).

Example DM

2-(5-{4-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.079 g, 2.737 mmol), Naphthalene-2,6-diboronic aciddominical ester (5 eq., 5.2 g, 13.68 mmol),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(5%, 96 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 158 mg) and potassiumcarbonate (5 eq., 757 mg) in 40 mL DME and 10 mL water was heated to110° C. under Argon for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled anddiluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified byflash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethylacetate/hexane) to give2-(5-{4-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (730 mg, yield 47%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₄H₄₀BN₃O₄: 565.51. Found: 566.1 (M+H⁺).

3-[6-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(5-{4-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (216 mg, 0.382 mmol),3-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1 eq., 150 mg, 0.382 mmol),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(5%, 16 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 22 mg) and potassiumcarbonate (2 eq., 106 mg) in 4 mL DME and 1 mL water was heated to 90°C. under Argon for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and dilutedin ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution.The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) togive3-[6-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, yield 35%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₆H₅₀N₆O₄: 750.93. Found: 751.2 (M+H⁺).

[1-(3-{6-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DM): TFA (2 mL) was added to3-[6-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0133 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residue was dissolvedin DMF (2 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2 eq., 47 mg), diisopropylethylamine (6 eq., 0.14 mL), followed by HATU (2 eq., 101 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdiluted in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give[1-(3-{6-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DM) (19.7 mg, 17%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.13-7.82 (m, 14H), 5.40-5.22 (m, 2H),4.98 (m, 1H), 4.72 (m, 1H), 4.38 (d, 1H), 4.22 (m, 1H), 4.10 (m, 2H),3.92 (m, 2H), 3.66 (d, 6H), 2.98 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.18 (m,4H), 2.18-1.92 (m, 4H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.09-0.85 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₅₀H₅₆N₈O₆: 865.03. Found: 866.3 (M+H⁺).

Example DN

2-(5-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (615 mg, 1.39 mmol), Benzene-1,4-diboronic aciddipinocal ester (5 eq., 2.3 g, 6.95 mmol),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(5%, 57 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5%, 80 mg) and potassiumcarbonate (3 eq., 576 mg) in 20 mL DME and 10 mL water was heated to 90°C. under Ar for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted inethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. Theorganic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-(5-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (488 mg, yield 62%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₃₄H₄₀BN₃O₄: 565.51. Found: 566.2 (M+H⁺).

3-[6-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A mixture of2-(5-{6-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (248 mg, 0.438 mmol, 1.1 eq.),3-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1 eq., 156 mg, 0.399 mmol),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(3%, 10 mg),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (3%, 14 mg) and potassiumcarbonate (3.3 eq., 182 mg) in 4 mL DME and 2 mL water was heated to 90°C. under Argon for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled and dilutedin ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution.The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) togive3-[6-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (178 mg, yield 59%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₆H₅₀N₆O₄: 750.93. Found: 751.3 (M+H⁺).

[1-(3-{6-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DN): 4N HCl in dioxane (1 mL) was added to3-[6-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0133 mmol) in 2 mL DCM and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (2 eq., 83 mg), diisopropylethylamine (6 eq., 0.25 mL), followed by HATU (2 eq., 180 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (GEMINI, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product was lyophilized to give[1-(3-{6-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DN) (102 mg, 50%).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.13-7.82 (m, 14H), 5.40-5.22 (m, 2H),4.98 (m, 1H), 4.72 (m, 1H), 4.38 (d, 1H), 4.22 (m, 1H), 4.10 (m, 2H),3.92 (m, 2H), 3.66 (d, 6H), 2.98 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.18 (m,4H), 2.18-1.92 (m, 4H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.09-0.85 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₅₀H₅₆N₈O₆: 865.03. Found: 866.4 (M+H⁺).

Example DO

4-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-3-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:3-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (600 mg, 1.06 mmol) was combined with(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (503 mg, 1.27 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (122 mg, 0.106 mmol)under an argon atmosphere. DMF (degassed with Argon) was added followedby triethylamine (1.47 mL, 10.6 mmol) and copper(I) iodide (20.0 mg,0.106 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80° C. After 20 minutes,volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was semi-purifiedvia chromatography on silica gel (eluent: EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes) toyield the product4-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-3-{-4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (542 mg). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₉N₉O₈: 878.0(M⁺). Found: 878.5 (M+H⁺).

SEM protected imidazole intermediate:4-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-3-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (512 mg, 0.586 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL).Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 56 mg) was added at 0° C., followedby SEM-Cl (0.217 mL). After two hours, the solvents were removed invacuo and the crude material was partitioned between DCM and water. Theorganic layer was dried and the crude material was purified by flashchromatography in silica gel to yield 591 mg of the SEM protectedimidazole product.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₉H₈₇N₉O₁₀Si₂: 1138.6 (M⁺). Found: 1138.7 (M+H⁺).

de-Boc piperazine material: The above SEM protected imidazole materialwas dissolved in DCM (2.5 mL) at room temperature. HCl (4M in dioxane, 5mL) was added and stirring of the resultant suspension at roomtemperature was continued. After 60 minutes all volatiles were removedin vacuo and the crude material was used in the next reaction withoutfurther purification.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4-Acetyl-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example A): The above de-Boc piperazine material (139mg, 0.129 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (3 mL) containing NMM (0.057 mL) atroom temperature. Acetic anhydride (0.0183 mL) was added and stirring atroom temperature was continued. After 60 minutes all volatiles wereremoved in vacuo and the crude material was dissolved in a micture ofDCM (5 mL) and TFA (5 mL). Stirring at room temperature was continued.After 16 hours, the volatiles were removed in vacuo and the material waspurified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA). Theproduct-containing fractions were combined and lyphilized to yield theproduct[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4-Acetyl-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example DO) as a TFA salt (15.7 mg).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₃N₉O₇: 819.9 (M⁺). Found: 820.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.07 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.68 (m, 10H), 7.28 (m,2H), 5.64 (m, 1H), 5.38 (m, 1H), 5.17 (m, 2H), 4.23 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),4.11 (m, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.45 (m,2H), 3.15-3.02 (m, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.01 (m, MI),1.07-0.83 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example DP

4-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-3-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid methyl ester (Example DP): It was prepared in a similar fashion to[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4-Acetyl-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example DO) replacing the acetic anhydride withmethylchloro formate.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₃N₉O₈: 835.4 (M⁺). Found: 835.9 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.08 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.54 (m, 10H), 7.30 (m,2H), 5.58 (m, 1H), 5.08 (m, 1H), 4.36 (m, 1H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 4.03 (m,2H), 3.95-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.50 (m, 9H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.95 (m, 4H),0.87-0.68 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example DQ

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-methylcarbamoyl-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DQ): It was prepared in a similar fashion to[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4-Acetyl-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester (example DO), replacing the acetic anhydride withisocyanatomethane.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₄N₁₀O₇: 834.9 (M⁺). Found: 835.4 (M⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.08 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.36 (m, 10H),7.36-7.24 (m, 2H), 5.51 (m, 1H), 5.07 (m, 1H), 4.36 (m, 1H), 4.07 (m,1H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.48 (m, 9H), 2.34 (m, 1H),2.13-1.96 (m, 4H), 0.90-0.78 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example DR

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4-Dimethylsulfamoyl-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DR): It was prepared in a similar fashion to[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4-Acetyl-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example DO), replacing the acetic anhydride withN,N-dimethyl sulfurylamido chloride.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₆N₁₀O₈S: 885.0 (M⁺). Found: 885.4 (M⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.52 (m, 10H),7.32-7.28 (m, 2H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 5.07 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.06 (m, 4H),3.95-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.48 (m, 6H), 2.86-46 (m, 6H), 2.12-1.95 (m,4H), 0.94-0.76 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example DS

3-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid methyl ester (example DS) was prepared in a similar fashion to4-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-3-{4-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid methyl ester (example DP), replacing the valine derived carbamatewith the corresponding alanine derived carbamate.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₀H₄₉N₉O₈: 783.8 (M⁺). Found: 784.3 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.08 (m, 1H), 7.95-7.80 (m, 10H), 7.47 (m,1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 5.55 (s, 1H), 5.09 (m, 1H), 4.58 (m,1H), 4.09 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 9H), 2.29 (m, 1H),2.09-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.21 (m, 3H) 0.81-0.75 (m, 6H) ppm.

Example DT

(1-{2-[5-(4-{4-[3′-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-1′-methylcarbamoyl-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrahydro-1H,1′H-[2,4′]biimidazolyl-4-yl]-phenylethynyl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (example DT) was prepared in a similar fashion to[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-methylcarbamoyl-piperazin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example DQ), replacing the piperazine carboxylic acidwith the corresponding 4-amino-pyrrolidine derivative, using methodologydescribed under examples BU and DO.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₃H₅₂N₁₀O₇: 820.9 (M⁺). Found: 821.4 (M⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.50 (m,10H) 7.32 (m, 1H), 6.54 (m, 1H), 5.51 (m, 1H), 5.36 (m, 1H), 5.21 (m,2H), 4.51 (m, 1H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.51 (s, 6H), 2.57(m, 3H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 4H), 0.94-0.77 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example DU

2-(5-{6-[2-(1-boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 2,6-Diiodo-1,5-dithia-s-indacene (117 mg, 0.263mmol),2-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (109 mg, 0.263 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (9.1 mg), K₂CO₃(69 mg, 0.52 mmol), were dissolved in toluene (5 mL)/water (1 mL) underan argon atmosphere. The mixture was heated for 30 minutes at 130° C.(microwave) and 30 minutes at 140° C. Removed all volatiles in vacuo andpurified via silica gel chromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yieldthe product2-(5-{6-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (36.3 mg).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₄₄S₂N₆O₄: 760.3 (M⁺). Found: 761.3 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DU):2-(5-{6-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (36 mg) was dissolved in DCM (3 mL) and HCl indioxane (4M, 4 mL) was added and stirring at room temperature wascontinued. After 20 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thecrude material was used in the next step without further purification.

The above crude material was dissolved in DMF (3 mL) and NMM (0.025 mL)was added. A solution of 2-(L) Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyricacid (17 mg, 0.094 mmol), HATU (36 mg, 0.094 mmol) and NMM (0.025 mL) inDMF (1 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature.After 20 minutes, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washedwith aqueous bicarbonate solution, aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine,and was dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents invacuo gave the crude material, which was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent:water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) to yield the product(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (3.8 mg).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₀N₈O₆S₂: 875.1 (M⁺). Found: 875.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.41 (s, 2H), 7.94-7.91 (m, 4H), 7.73-7.67(m, 4H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 5.19 (m, 2H), 4.09 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 4H), 3.51(s, 6H), 2.31-1.82 (m, 10H), 0.94-0.77 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example DV

(1-{3-[6-(7-{2-[4-Cyano-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DV) was prepared in a similar fashion to(1-{2-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DK), replacing the proline derivative withthe corresponding 4-cyano-proline derivative.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₁F₂N₉O₆: 887.9 (M⁺). Found: 888.3 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.10-7.95 (m, 8H), 7.70 (s, 2H), 7.34 (m,1H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 5.12 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (s, 1H) 4.52 (s, 1H),4.42 (m, 1H), 4.16 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m, 1H), 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H),3.53 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.73 (m, 1H), 2.39 (m, 1H),2.25 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.72 (m, 6H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 0.94-0.77 (m, 15H) ppm.

¹⁹F-NMR: 282 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: −108.6 ppm [−74.3 ppm TFA].

Example DW

(1-{6-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DW) was prepared in a similar fashion to(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[2-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-ethyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, replacing the oxazolidine derived carboxylic acidwith the corresponding 4-cyclopropyl-proline derivative and using HCl indioxane for the Boc deprotection.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₅₂N₈O₆: 764.9 (M⁺). Found: 765.3 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.08 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.84 (m, 10H) 7.33 (m,2H), 5.23 (m, 1H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 4.01 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.75(m, 4H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 4H),0.94-0.80 (m, 12H), 0.63 (m, 4H) ppm.

Example DX

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DX) was prepared in a similar fashion to(1-{6-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example DW), replacing the cyclopropyl prolinecarboxylic acid with the corresponding thiazolidine derivative.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₉H₄₈N₈O₆S: 756.9 (M⁺). Found: 757.0 (M⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.06 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.70 (m, 10H), 7.45 (m,1H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 5.09 (m, 1H), 4.18-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.80(m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 6H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 5H),0.94-0.75 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example DY

(1-{6-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (57.6 mg, 0.068 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL)and HCl in dioxane (4M, 1 mL) was added and stirring at room temperaturewas continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo.The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and DIEA(26.4 mg, 0.204 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (9.95 mg, 0.068 mmol), HATU (25.9mg, 0.068 mmol) and DIEA (8.8 mg, 0.068 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added.The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 45 minutes, thereaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washed with aqueous bicarbonatesolution, aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine, and was dried over sodiumsulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gave the crudematerial, which was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA)to yield the product(1-{6-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (25.4 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₀F₂N₈O₆: 860.9 (M⁺). Found: 861.8 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.20-7.99 (m, 8H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.37-7.27(m, 2H), 5.24 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H) 4.50 (s, 1H), 4.41 (m,1H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s,3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.79 (m, 2H),1.54 (m, 1H), 1.25 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.94-0.77 (m, 9H) 0.63 (m, 4H)ppm.

¹⁹F-NMR: 282 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: −109.1 ppm [−74.8 ppm TFA].

Example DZ

(1-{6-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-4-methylsulfonyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (55.6 mg, 0.067 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL)and HCl in dioxane (4M, 1 mL) was added and stirring at room temperaturewas continued. After 30 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo.The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and DIEA(25.8 mg, 0.201 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-4-methylsulfonyl-butyric acid (15.9 mg, 0.067mmol), HATU (25.4 mg, 0.067 mmol) and DIEA (8.6 mg, 0.067 mmol) in DMF(1 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 20minutes, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washed with aqueousbicarbonate solution, aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine, and was driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gavethe crude material, which was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCNw/0.1% TFA) to yield the product(1-{6-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-4-methylsulfonyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (23 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₄F₂N₈O₈S: 953.1 (M⁺). Found: 954.0 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.20-7.99 (m, 8H), 7.77 (s, 2H), 7.65 (m,1H), 7.35 (m, 1H), 5.25 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.79 (s, 1H) 4.56 (s, 1H),4.53 (m, 1H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.72 (m, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H),3.53 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.78 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 2H),2.09-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.79 (m, 4H), 1.56 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.77 (m, 9H)0.63 (m, 4H) ppm.

¹⁹F-NMR: 282 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: −109.1 ppm [−74.8 ppm TFA].

Example EA

(3-Cyano-1-{3-[6-(9,9-difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-Spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (61.9 mg, 0.074 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL)and HCl in dioxane (4M, 1 mL) was added and stirring at room temperaturewas continued. After 30 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo.The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and DIEA(28.5 mg, 0.186 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)Methoxycarbonylamino-3-cyano-butyric acid (13.8 mg, 0.074 mmol), HATU(28.3 mg, 0.074 mmol) and DIEA (9.5 mg, 0.074 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 30 minutes,the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washed with aqueousbicarbonate solution, aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine, and was driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gavethe crude material, which was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCNw/0.1% TFA) to yield the product(3-Cyano-1-{3-[6-(9,9-difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (33.1 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₁F₂N₉O₆: 899.9 (M⁺). Found: 900.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.20-7.99 (m, 8H), 7.76 (s, 2H), 7.59 (m,1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 5.25 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.79 (s, 1H) 4.55 (s, 1H),4.41 (m, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H),3.54 (s, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 2H),1.88-1.79 (m, 4H), 1.54 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.77 (m, 9H) 0.63 (m, 4H) ppm.

¹⁹F-NMR: 282 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: −109.1 ppm [−74.7 ppm TFA].

Example EB

(1-{4-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5,5-dimethyl-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

5,5-Dimethyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (1.1 g, 6.91 mmol) and DIEA(891 mg, 6.91 mmol) were added as a DMF (5 mL) suspension to a premixedsolution of N-(methylcarbamoyl)(L)-valine (1.21 g, 6.91 mmol), HATU(2.26 g, 6.91 mmol) and DIEA (891 mg, 6.91 mmol) at room temperature.After 20 minutes, additional HATU (2.26 g, 6.91 mmol) and DIEA (891 mg,6.91 mmol) were added and stirring at room temperature was continued.After 5 minutes, as suspension of amino-(4′ bromo) acetophenonehydrochloride salt (1.72 g, 6.91 mmol) and DIEA (891 mg, 6.91 mmol) inDMF (3 mL) was added. Stirring at room temperature was continued. After10 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude materialwas taken into EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with aqueoushydrochloric acid (0.1M), aqueous lithium chloride solution (5%),saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, brine and was dried oversodium sulfate. Filtration and evaporation of solvents yielded crudematerial. Purification via silica gel chromatography (eluentEtOAc/hexanes) yielded the product (3.46 g, 6.73 mmol).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₁H₂₈BrN₃O₅S: 514.3 (M⁺). Found: 515.4/513.4(M+H⁴).

The product of the previous step (1.04 mg, 1.94 mmol) was dissolved inm-xylenes (9.0 mL) and heated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (700 mg,9.07 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 240minutes, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and the volatileswere removed in vacuo. The crude material was purified via silica gelchromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product(1-{4-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5,5-dimethyl-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (190 mg). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₁H₂₈BrN₄O₃S: 495.4(M⁺). Found: 496.4/494.4 (M+H⁺).

[1-(4-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5,5-dimethyl-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

(1-{4-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5,5-dimethyl-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (83 mg, 0.167 mmol) was combined with(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (66.0 mg, 0.167 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (11.7 mg, 0.017mmol) under an argon atmosphere. DMF (2.0 mL degassed with Argon) wasadded followed by triethylamine (168 mg, 1.67 mmol) and copper(I) iodide(3.2 mg, 0.017 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80° C. After 20 hours,volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude material was semi-purifiedvia chromatography on silica gel (eluent EtOAc w MeOH 10%/hexanes) andfurther purified via RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w 0.1% TFA) to yieldthe product[1-(4-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5,5-dimethyl-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (32.1 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₃H₅₂N₈O₆S: 808.9 (M⁺). Found: 809.9 (MαH⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.09 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.69 (m, 12H), 7.56 (m,1H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 5.33 (s, 1H), 5.12 (m, 2H), 5.01 (m, 1H) 4.01 (m,2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.04(m, 3H), 1.55 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H), 0.92-0.76 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example EC

4-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

2,2-Dimethyl-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (350 mg, 1.02 mmol) wasdissolved in DMF (2.5 mL) and HATU (387 mg, 0.102 mmol) and DIEA (129.0mg, 1.02 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor five minutes, after which[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-Amino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester hydrochloride salt (503 mg, 1.0 mmol) and DIEA (129.0mg, 1.02 mmol) were added. Stirring at room temperature was continued.After 18 hours, all volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crudematerial was purified via silica gel chromatography (eluent:EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product (323 mg). The material was dissolvedwas dissolved in m-xylenes (5.0 mL) and heated at 135° C. Solid ammoniumacetate (280 mg, 3.63 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at135° C. After 180 minutes, the reaction was cooled to room temperatureand the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude material was purifiedvia silica gel chromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield theproduct4-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (123 mg, 0.172 mmol).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₉H₄₉N₇O₆: 711.8 (M⁺). Found: 712.7 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[2-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-ethyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

4-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (61 mg, 0.086 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL)and TFA (4M, 0.2 mL) was added and stirring at 0° C. was continued.After 30 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crudematerial was used in the next step without further purification. Thecrude material was dissolved in DMF (1.5 mL) and DIEA (33.0 mg, 0.255mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (15.2 mg, 0.086 mmol), HATU(32.5 mg, 0.086 mmol) and DIEA (11.0 mg, 0.086 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 20 minutes,the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washed with aqueousbicarbonate solution, aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine, and was driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gavethe crude material, which was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCNw/0.1% TFA) to yield the product(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[2-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-ethyl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (11.2 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₈H₄₈N₈O₇: 728.8 (M⁺). Found: 729.7 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.62 (m, 1H), 8.11 (m, 2H), 7.95-7.86 (m,8H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 5.10 (m, 2H), 4.78 (s, 1H) 4.13 (m,1H), 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.37 (m,1H), 2.09-2.04 (m, 5H), 0.88-0.75 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example ED Preparation of Intermediate5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester 6-methylester

4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-benzyl ester 2-methylester

4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (10.0g, 44 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (75 mL) at room temperature and HCl(4M in dioxane, 75 mL) was added. Stirring at room temperature wascontinued for 4 hours. All volatiles were removed in vacuo and a beigesolid was obtained.

The crude material was suspended in DCM (100 mL) and N-Methyl morpholine(13.3 g, 132 mmol) was added. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and benzylchloroformate (8.26 g, 48.4 mmol) was added while stirring. After 30minutes, the reaction was warmed to room temperature and the solutionwas washed with water and aqueous HCl (1M). The solution was dried oversodium sulfate. Filtration and evaporation of solvents gave crudeproduct, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent:EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product (10.2 g). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₅H₁₇NO₄: 275.3 (M⁺). Found: 276.4 (M+H⁺).

5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptanes-5,6-dicarboxylic acid benzyl ester: Anoven-dried 3-neck round bottom flask was equipped with a nitrogen inletadaptor and a 250 mL addition funnel. The third neck was sealed with aseptum. The flask was charged with a stir bar, dichlorormethane (120 mL)and diethyl zinc (1.0 M in hexane, 118 mL, 118 mmol) then cooled to 0°C. in an ice bath. The addition funnel was charged with dichloromethane(40 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (9.1 mL, 118 mmol). After the diethylzinc solution had cooled to 0° C. (about 25 minutes), thetrifluoroacetic acid solution was added dropwise over 20 minutes to thestirred reaction mixture. After stirring for another 20 minutes at 0°C., diiodomethane (9.5 mL, 118 mmol) was added slowly over 4 minutes.After another 20 minutes, 4-methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-benzyl ester 2-methyl ester (8.10 g, 29.4 mmol) was added in 30 mLdichloromethane by cannula. The flask containing4-methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-benzyl ester 2-methylester was then rinsed with another 10 mL dichloromethane and thissolution was also transferred to the reaction mixture by cannula. Thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred for 110 hours(about 5 days) after which the reagents were quenched with saturatedaqueous ammonium chloride (˜150 mL). The contents of the flask wereslowly poured into a 2 L sep funnel containing saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate (˜800 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted three times with300 mL ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over magnesiumsulfate and concentrated to provide the crude material. The crudematerial was dissolved in 3:1:1 THF/water/acetone (165 mL) then treatedwith N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (3.45 g, 29.4 mmol) and osmium tetroxide(4 wt % in water, 5 mL, 0.818 mmol). After stirring at RT for 7 h, thereagents were quenched with 1 M aqueous sodium thiosulfate (˜100 mL).The contents of the flask were then poured into a 1 L sep funnelcontaining water (˜300 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted three timeswith 300 mL dichloromethane. The combined organics were dried overmagnesium sulfate and concentrated. The crude residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (5% to 45% EtOAc/hexane) to provide5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester 6-methylester as a clear oil (5.54 g, 19.15 mmol, 65%) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR(CDCl₃) δ 7.36-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.21-5.04 (m, 2H), 4.56-4.47 (m, 1H), 3.75(s, 1.5H), 3.60 (m, 1.5H), 03.51-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.25 (m, 1H),1.87-1.80 (m, 1H), 0.64-0.51 (m, 4H).

5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester

5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester 6-methylester (244 mg, 0.840 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2.0 mL)/MeOH (1.5 mL)An aqueous solution of LiOH (35.5 mg, 0.84 mmol) was added and stirringat room temperature was continued. After 3 hours, the reaction wasneutralized with aqueous HCl (1M) and the organic solvents were removedin vacuo. The crude mixture was diluted with water and EtOAc and theorganic layer was collected. All volatiles were removed in vacuo and thecrude acid was used without further purification. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₁₅H₁₇NO₄: 275.3 (M⁺). Found: 276.3 (M+H⁺).

Example ED′

2,7-Dibromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluorene:

2,7-Dibromo-fluoren-9-one (4.0 g, 11.8 mmol) was suspended in deoxofluor(12 mL) at room temperature and EtOH (4 drops) was added. The stirredsuspension was heated at T=90° C. for 24 hours (CAUTION: Use ofdeoxofluor at elevated temperatures, as described above, is stronglydiscouraged as rapid and violent exotherms may occur). The reaction wascooled to room temperature and poured onto ice containing sodiumbicarbonate. A solid formed and was collected via filtration. The crudematerial was taken into EtOAc and was washed with aqueous HCl (1M) andbrine. The solution was dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration andevaporation of solvents gave crude product, which was purified by silicagel chromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product2,7-Dibromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluorene (3.2 g). ¹⁹F-NMR: 282 MHz,(dmso-d₆) δ: −111.6 ppm.

Before using the material in the next step, it was exposed as a solutionin EtOAc to charcoal.

5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester6-[2-(7-bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester

2,7-Dibromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluorene (372 mg, 1.04 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄(30.0 mg, 0.026 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (18.2 mg, 0.026 mmol), As(PPh₃)₃(5.0 mg) were dissolved in dioxane (10 mL) under an argon atmosphere.Ethoxyvinyl-tributyl tin (376.4 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added. The mixturewas heated for 140 minutes at 85° C. (oil bath). The reaction was cooledto room temperature. N-bromo succinimide (177 mg, 1.0 mmol) was addedfollowed by water (2 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor 3 hours, after which the majority of the dioxane was removed invacuo. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and was washedwith water. All volatiles were removed in vacuo. Toluene was added andall volatiles were removed in vacuo for a second time. The crudematerial was dissolved in DMF/MeCN (2 mL, 1:1) at room temperature. Asolution of N-Cbz-4-cyclopropyl (L) Proline (0.84 mmol) and DIEA (268mg, 2.08 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) was added and stirring at room temperaturewas continued. After 14 hours, most of the MeCN was removed in vacuo andthe crude reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The mixture waswashed with aqueous HCl (1M), aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine, and wasdried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and evaporation of solvents gavethe crude reaction product, which was purified via silica gelchromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester6-[2-(7-bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester (176 mg).LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₀H₂₄BrF₂NO₅: 596.4 (M⁺). Found: 595.2/597.2(M+H⁺).

6-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester

5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester6-[2-(7-bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester (172 mg,0.293 mmol) was dissolved in m-xylenes (6.0 mL). Ammonium acetate (226mg, 2.93 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at 140° C. for 60minutes under microwave conditions. The reaction was cooled to roomtemperature and all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude materialwas purified via silica gel chromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) toyield the product6-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (80.3 mg). LCMS-ESL': calc'd for C₃₀H₂₄BrF₂N₃O₂: 576.4(M⁺). Found: 575.2/577.2 (M+H⁺).

(1-{6-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

6-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (800 mg, 1.38 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (15 mL) andHBr in AcOH (37%, 2 mL) was added and stirring at room temperature wascontinued. After 180 minutes, the suspension was diluted with hexanesand the solid was collected via filtration and was washed with hexanesand subjected to vacuum. The crude material was used in the next stepwithout further purification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF(4.0 mL) and DIEA (356 mg, 2.76 mmol) was added. A solution of2-(L)-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (242 mg, 1.38 mmol),HATU (524 mg, 1.38 mmol) and DIEA (178 mg, 1.38 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 50 minutes,the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washed with aqueousbicarbonate solution, aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine, and was driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gavethe crude material, which was purified by silica gel chromatography(eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the slightly impure product(1-{6-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (878 mg). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₉H₂₉BrF₂N₄O₃: 599.5(M⁺). Found: 598.5/600.5 (M+H⁺).

3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

(1-{6-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (840 mg, 1.4 mmol),3-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (615 mg, 1.4 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (161 mg, 0.14 mmol),K₂CO₃ (579 mg, 4.2 mmol), were dissolved in DME (15 mL)/water (3 mL)under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was heated for 120 minutes at85-90° C. (oil bath). After 120 minutes additional boronate ester (61mg, 0.14 mmol) was added and heating was continued. After 3 hours, thereaction was cooled to room temperature. Most of the DME was removed invacuo and the crude reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The mixturewas washed with brine and was dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration andevaporation of solvents gave the crude reaction product, which waspurified via silica gel chromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yieldthe product3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (878 mg). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₁F₂N₇O₅:831.9 (M⁺). Found: 832.7 (M+H⁺).

(1-{3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (115 mg, 0.138 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2 mL)and HCl in dioxane (4M, 2 mL) was added and stirring at room temperaturewas continued. After 20 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo.The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (1.5 mL) and DIEA(53.4 mg, 0.414 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (24.2 mg, 0.138 mmol), HATU(52.4 mg, 0.138 mmol) and DIEA (17.8 mg, 0.138 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 20 minutes,the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washed with aqueousbicarbonate solution, aqueous LiCl solution (5%), brine, and was driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gavethe crude material, which was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCNw/0.1% TFA) to yield the product(1-{3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (76 mg). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₄F₂N₈O₆: 888.9(M⁺). Found: 890.0 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.20-7.99 (m, 8H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.37-7.27(m, 2H), 5.25 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H) 4.54 (s, 1H), 4.16 (m,1H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s,3H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.79 (m, 2H),1.54 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.77 (m, 15H) 0.63 (m, 4H) ppm. ¹⁹F-NMR: 282 MHz,(dmso-d₆) δ: −109.1 ppm [−74.8 ppm TFA]

Example EE

3-(6-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. Pd(Ph₃)₄ (20 mg, 0.017 mmol) was added to amixture2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (173 mg, 0.35 mmol),3-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (154 mg, 0.35 mmol), NaHCO₃ (103 mg, 1.22 mmol) in1,2-dimethoxyethane (5 mL) and water (1 mL). The reaction mixture wasflushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, and then thevolatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct3-(6-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester as a white solid (150 mg, 59%). m/z 727.4 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{3-[6-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of3-(6-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (135 mg, 0.19 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL) wasadded trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred for 2hours at ambient temperature and concentated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was treated with ether to remove excess trifluoroacetic acid.The obtained white solid was dissoved in DMF (5 mL), to the solution wasadded 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (65 mg, 0.37 mmol),HATU (156 mg, 0.41 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.32 mL, 1.86mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then thevolatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(1-{3-[6-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a TFA salt (57 mg, 36%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ8.05-7.60 (m, 10H), 5.25 (t, 1H), 4.40-4.05 (m, 3H), 3.95-3.60 (m, 8H),3.10-2.90 (m 6H), 2.65-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.40-1.70 (m, 11H), 1.05-0.90 (m,12H); m/z 839.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example EF

2-{5-[7-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. Pd(Ph₃)₄ (15 mg, 0.015 mmol) and PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (10mg, 0.015 mmol) were added to a mixture2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (180 mg, 0.37 mmol) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin(0.15 mL, 0.44 mL) in 5 mL dioxane. The reaction mixture was flushedwith nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, then cooled to ambienttemperature. Water (1.5 mL) and NBS (78 mg, 0.44 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 minutes, then dilutedwith ethyl acetate (100 mL). Washed with water and brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue wascarried on to next step reaction without purification.

2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester. A mixture of2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester(167 mg, 0.69 mmol) and DIPEA (0.11 mL, 0.67 mmol) was added to asolution of2-{5-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.37 mmol, crude) in acetonitrile (5 mL). Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then diluted withethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with NaHCO₃solution and water, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography toprovide the desired product 2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylicacid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester as a brown solid (132 mg, 51% over two steps). m/z697.2 (M+H)⁺.

3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. A mixture of2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester (132 mg, 0.19 mmol) and ammonium acetate (292 mg, 3.8mmol) in xylene (10 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 140° C. for 1.5hours under microwave condition. The volatile component was removed invacuo, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washedwith NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flashchromatography to provide the desired product3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester as a white solid (36 mg, 28%). m/z 677.4 (M+H)⁺.

(2-{3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (36 mg, 0.053 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL) wasadded trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred for 2hours at ambient temperature and concentated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was treated with ether to remove excess trifluoroacetic acid.The obtained white solid was dissoved in DMF (5 mL), to the solution wasadded 2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (17 mg, 0.12 mmol), HATU (50mg, 0.13 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.09 mL, 0.53 mmol). Themixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(2-{3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a TFA salt (5.5 mg, 14%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ8.05-7.60 (m, 8H), 5.35-5.25 (m, 1H), 4.65-4.40 (m, 3H), 4.05-3.80 (m,2H), 3.75-3.50 (m, 7H), 3.00 (s, 4H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 2.65 (m, 1H),2.30-1.70 (m, 9H), 1.45-1.20 (m, 6H); m/z 735.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example EG

(1-{2-[5-(7-Bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (187 mg, 0.38 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added4.0 M solution of HCl in dioxane (2 mL, excess). The mixture was stirredfor 3 hours at 50° C. and concentated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was treated with ether to remove excess HCl. The obtained whitesolid was dissoved in DMF (5 mL), to the solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (70 mg, 0.40 mmol), HATU(173 mg, 0.46 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.66 mL, 3.8 mmol).The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product(1-{2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as an oil (200 mg, 95%). m/z 551.2, 553.2 (M+H)⁺.

2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester3-[2-(7-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester:Pd(Ph₃)₄ (15 mg, 0.015 mmol) and PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (10 mg, 0.015 mmol) wereadded to a mixture of(1-{2-[5-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (200 mg, 0.37 mmol) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin(0.15 mL, 0.44 mL) in 5 mL dioxane. The reaction mixture was flushedwith nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, then cooled to ambienttemperature. Water (1.5 mL) and NBS (78 mg, 0.44 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 minutes, then dilutedwith ethyl acetate (100 mL). Washed with water and brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue wasdisolved in acetonitrile (3 mL). To it was added a solution of2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester(167 mg, 0.69 mmol) and DIPEA (0.11 mL, 0.67 mmol) in 2 mL acetonitrile.The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then dilutedwith ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with NaHCO₃solution and water, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography toprovide the desired product 2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylicacid 2-tert-butyl ester3-[2-(7-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]esteras a brown oil (130 mg, 47% over two steps). m/z 754.3 (M+H)⁺.

3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. A mixture of2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester3-[2-(7-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester(130 mg, 0.17 mmol) and ammonium acetate (292 mg, 3.8 mmol) in xylene(10 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 140° C. for 1.5 hours undermicrowave condition. The volatile component was removed in vacuo, andthe residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃solution, water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography toprovide the desired product3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester as a white solid (38 mg, 28%). m/z 734.4 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (38 mg, 0.052 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL) wasadded trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred for 2hours at ambient temperature and concentated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was treated with ether to remove excess trifluoroacetic acid.The obtained white solid was dissoved in DMF (5 mL), to the solution wasadded 2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (9 mg, 0.06 mmol), HATU (30mg, 0.08 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.09 mL, 0.53 mmol). Themixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a TFA salt (15 mg, 39%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ8.10-7.60 (m, 8H), 5.35-5.25 (m, 1H), 4.70-4.45 (m, 3H), 4.30-3.80 (m,3H), 3.67 (s, 6H), 2.70-1.60 (m, 12H), 1.41 (d, 3H), 1.05-0.80 (m, 6H);m/z 763.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example EH

2,7-Dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene. Bromine (6.13 mL, 119.3 mmol) wasadded slowly to a solution of 9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene (10 g, 55.5mmol) in trimethylphosphate (100 mL). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 hours and concentrated in vacuo. The residue wasrecrystallized from chloroform to give product2,7-Dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene as a white crystal (9.45 g, 51%).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester. Pd(Ph₃)₄ (347 mg, 0.3 mmol) and PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (210 mg,0.3 mmol) were added to a mixture 2,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene(2.5 g, 7.4 mmol) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (2.5 mL, 7.4 mL) in 70mL dioxane. The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at80° C. for 16 hours, then cooled to ambient temperature. Water (20 mL)and NBS (1.39 g, 7.8 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 40 minutes, then diluted with ethyl acetate (300mL). Washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was suspended inacetonitrile (70 mL). To it was added a solution ofpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (3.2 g, 14.9 mmol)and DIPEA (2.4 mL, 14.1 mmol) in 20 mL acetonitrile. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then diluted with ethylacetate (300 mL). The organic layer was washed with NaHCO₃ solution andwater, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Theobtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide thedesired product pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester as a white solid (1.76 g, 46% over two steps). m/z514.2, 516.2 (M+H)⁺.

2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester. Pd(Ph₃)₄ (37 mg, 0.03 mmol) and PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (22 mg,0.03 mmol) were added to a mixture of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester (410 mg, 0.8 mmol) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin(0.32 mL, 0.96 mmol) in 8 mL dioxane. The reaction mixture was flushedwith nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, then cooled to ambienttemperature. Water (2 mL) and NBS (171 mg, 0.96 mmol) were added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 minutes, then dilutedwith ethyl acetate (100 mL). Washed with water and brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Half of the obtained residuewas suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL). To it was added a solution of2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester(100 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DIPEA (0.068 mL, 0.39 mmol) in 2 mLacetonitrile. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours,then diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was washedwith NaHCO₃ solution and water, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flashchromatography to provide the desired product2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester as a white solid (171 mg, 60% over two steps). m/z717.2 (M+H)⁺.

3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. A mixture of2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester (171 mg, 0.24 mmol) and ammonium acetate (800 mg,10.2 mmol) in xylene (5 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 140° C. for1.5 hours under microwave condition. The volatile component was removedin vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL),washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified byflash chromatography to provide the desired product of3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester as a white solid (100 mg, 62%). m/z 677.9 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.15 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added4.0 M solution of HCl in dioxane (2 mL, excess). The mixture was stirredfor 3 hours at 50° C. and concentated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was treated with ether to remove excess HCl. The obtained whitesolid was dissoved in DMF (5 mL), to the solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (54 mg, 0.31 mmol), HATU(141 mg, 0.37 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.2 mL, 1.2 mmol).The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(1-{3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,10-dihydro-phenanthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as TFA salt (67 mg, 57%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ8.05-7.65 (m, 8H), 5.35-5.20 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.05 (m, 3H), 3.95-3.80 (m,1H), 3.67 (d, 6H), 3.05-2.80 (m, 5H), 2.70-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.40-1.60 (m,13H), 1.10-0.85 (m, 12H); m/z 791.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example EI

2,7-Dibromo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene. To a stirred solution of2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene (1.0 g, 3.1 mmol), KI (50 mg, 0.3 mmol) and KOH(750 mg, 13.3 mmol) in DMSO was added methyl iodide (0.42 mL, 6.8 mmol).The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then dilutedwith ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with water andbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Theobtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide thedesired product 2,7-Dibromo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene as a white solid(1.1 g, 100%).

4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane.Pd(PPh₃)₄ (347 mg, 0.3 mmol) was added to a flask containing a mixtureof 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene (1.0 g, 2.9 mmol),bis(pinacolato)diboron (2.9 g, 11.6 mmol), potassium acetate (1.4 g,14.5 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL). The reaction mixture was flushedwith nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (300 mL), washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified byflash chromatography to provide the desired product4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolaneas a white solid (0.8 g, 62%).

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. Pd(Ph₃)₄ (55 mg, 0.05 mmol) was added to amixture4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-[7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane(205 mg, 0.48 mmol),2-(4-bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (309 mg, 0.98 mmol), NaHCO₃ (282 mg, 3.4 mmol) in1,2-dimethoxyethane (8 mL) and water (1 mL). The reaction mixture wasflushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, and then thevolatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester as a TFA salt (45 mg, 14%). m/z 665.4 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of2-(5-{7-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (45 mg, 0.07 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added4.0 M solution of HCl in dioxane (1 mL, excess). The mixture was stirredfor 3 hours at 50° C. and concentated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was treated with ether to remove excess HCl. The obtained whitesolid was dissoved in DMF (5 mL), to the solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (25 mg, 0.14 mmol), HATU(65 mg, 0.17 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.09 mL, 0.54 mmol).The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as TFA salt (15 mg, 28%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ8.05-7.70 (m, 8H), 5.35-5.20 (m, 2H), 4.30-3.80 (m, 6H), 3.67 (s, 6H),2.65-2.00 (m, 10H), 1.61 (s, 6H), 1.05-0.85 (m, 12H); m/z 779.4 (M+H)⁺.

Example EJ

3,8-Dibromo-benzo[c]chromen-6-one. A solution of TFAA (2.1 mL, 3.15mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of2,7-dibromo-fluoren-9-one (3.3 g, 10 mmol) and H₂O₂-urea (1.4 g, 15 mL)in dichloromethane (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 48 hours, a second portion of H₂O₂-urea was added, and stirring wascontinued at room temperature for a further 72 hours. The mixture wasfiltered, the organic phase was extracted with water (50 mL), and driedover Na₂SO₄. After removal of solvent, the residue was heated with 2NNaOH at 80° C. for 10 minutes, filtered, the cooled filtrate extractedwith ether. The aqueous phase was acidified with 2N HCl and extractedwith ethyl acetate (200 mL). HCl (2 mL 4M solution) was added to theethyl acetate and heated for 2 hours. The solvent was removed undervacuum, the residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/ethanol togive the final product 3,8-Dibromo-benzo[c]chromen-6-one as a whitesolid (1.5 g, 40%).

3,8-Dibromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene. To a solution of3,8-dibromo-benzo[c]chromen-6-one (650 mg, 1.85 mmol) in THF (20 mL) wasadded 2 M solution of LiBH₄ in THF (3.7 mL, 7.4 mmol). The mixture wasstirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Quenched slowly with ammoniumchloride solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas suspended in 85% phosphoric acid (20 mL) and heated at 160° C. for 4h. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with water,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct 3,8-Dibromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene as a white solid (539 mg, 86%).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-(2-{8-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester.Pd(PPh₃)₄ (74 mg, 0.064 mmol) and PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (45 mg, 0.064 mmol) wereadded to a mixture 3,8-dibromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene (539 mg, 1.6 mmol)and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (1.2 mL, 3.5 mL) in 20 mL dioxane. Thereaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16hours, then cooled to ambient temperature. Water (7 mL) and NBS (623 mg,3.5 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for40 minutes, then diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The solid wasfiltered and kept separately. The ethyl acetate layer was washed withwater and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The obtained residue conbine with the solid collected before wassuspended in acetonitrile (20 mL) and DMF (10 mL). To it was added asolution of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (1.6 g,7.4 mmol) and DIPEA (1.2 mL, 7.1 mmol) in 5 mL acetonitrile. The mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then diluted with ethylacetate (300 mL). The organic layer was washed with NaHCO₃ solution andwater, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Theobtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide thedesired product Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-(2-{8-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)esteras a white solid (602 mg, 54% over two steps). m/z 715.2 (M+Na)⁺.

2-(5-{8-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. A mixture of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester2-(2-{8-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester(168 mg, 0.24 mmol) and ammonium acetate (374 mg, 4.8 mmol) in xylene(10 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 140° C. for 1.5 hours undermicrowave condition. The volatile component was removed in vacuo, andthe residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃solution, water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography toprovide the desired product2-(5-{8-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester as a white solid (100 mg, 64%). m/z 653.4 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(3-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of2-(5-{8-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (300 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) wasadded trifluoroacetic acid (2.5 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred for2 hours at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was treated with ether to remove excess trifluoroaceticacid. The obtained white solid was dissolved in DMF (10 mL), to thesolution was added 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (161 mg,0.92 mmol), HATU (437 mg, 1.2 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.64mL, 3.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and thenthe volatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolvedin ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water andbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Theobtained residue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(1-{2-[5-(3-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a TFA salt (130 mg, 37%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ7.80-7.20 (m, 8H), 5.40-5.05 (m, 4H), 4.65-3.80 (m, 6H), 3.75-3.40 (m,6H), 2.40-1.90 (m, 10H), 1.05-0.80 (m, 12H); m/z 767.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example EK

(1-{6-[5-(7-{2-[2-(3-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of{1-[6-(5-{7-[2-(2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (30 mg, 0.037 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added3-cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (8 mg, 0.045 mmol), HATU(20 mg, 0.052 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.051 mL, 0.3 mmol).The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (50 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(1-{6-[5-(7-{2-[2-(3-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a TFA salt (18 mg, 54%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ 8.30-7.70 (m, 10H), 7.45-7.30 (m, 1H), 5.26 (t, 1H), 5.00-4.80 (m,2H), 4.60-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H),3.00-2.65 (m, 4H), 2.30-1.10 (m, 12H), 1.00-0.60 (m, 81-1); m/z 886.4(M+H)⁺.

Example EL

(1-{6-[5-(7-{2-[2-(3-Methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of{1-[6-(5-{7-[2-(2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (30 mg, 0.037 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added3-methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (8 mg, 0.045mmol), HATU (20 mg, 0.052 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.051 mL,0.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then thevolatile component was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate (50 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product(1-{6-[5-(7-{2-[2-(3-Methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a TFA salt (18 mg, 54%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ 8.30-7.70 (m, 10H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1H), 5.26 (t, 1H), 5.00-4.80 (m,2H), 4.60-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.70 (m, 5H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H),3.00-2.65 (m, 4H), 2.30-1.10 (m, 12H), 1.00-0.60 (m, 10H); m/z 939.4(M+H)⁺.

A. Example EM

1,4-Dibromo-2-nitro-benzene: The compound was bought from Sigma-AldrichCo.

4,4′-Dibromo-2,2′-dinitro-biphenyl: The mixture of1,4-dibromo-2-nitro-benzene (25 g, 89 mmol) and copper powder (12.5 g,197 mmol) in DMF (150 ml) was heated at 137 C for 2 hours. The mixturewas cooled to 25° C. and was quenched with water. The mixture wasextracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic solution was washed withwater and brine and was dried with Na₂SO₄. Concentration andpurification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-dinitro-biphenyl (13.6 g).

4,4′-Dibromo-2-methoxy-2′-nitro-biphenyl: To the solution of4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-dinitro-biphenyl (6.58 g, 16.5 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) at0° C. was added a solution of sodium methoxide in Methanol (4.4 M, 4.5ml, 19.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours and waspoured into ice-water (140 ml). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc(2×). The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine anddried with Na2SO4. Concentration under reduced pressure gave pale solid.The re-crystallization from CH3CN/MeOH gave4,4′-dibromo-2-methoxy-2′-nitro-biphenyl as a white solid (3.76 g).

4,4′-Dibromo-2′-methoxy-biphenyl-2-ylamine: To a suspension of4,4′-dibromo-2-methoxy-2′-nitro-biphenyl (3.76 g, 9.8 mmol) and 5% Ru/C(400 mg) in ethanol (37 ml) at 65-70° C. was added dropwise a solutionof hydrazine (4.6 ml, 59 mmol) in ethanol (5 ml). The mixture wasrefluxed for 7 hours and filtered through a pad of CELITE. The CELITEpad was washed with ethanol. The combined solution was concentratedunder reduced pressure. Coevaporation with ethanol, EtOAc and DCM gave4,4′-dibromo-2′-methoxy-biphenyl-2-ylamine as yellow solid (3.5 g).

3,7-Dibromo-dibenzofuran: To a suspension of4,4′-Dibromo-2′-methoxy-biphenyl-2-ylamine (3.5 g, 9.8 mmol) in H2SO4(2.4 g) and water (8.5 ml) at 0° C. was added slowly a solution of NaNO2(682 mg, 9.8 mmol) in water (9 ml). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for2 hours. Urea (1.2 g, 20 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for12 hours. The mixture was diluted with water and was heated at 70° C.for 24 hours. The mixture was cooled to 25° C. and was filtered. Thecollected solid was re-crystallized from benzene/methanol to give3,7-dibromo-dibenzofuran (2.27 g).

2-Bromo-1-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-ethanone and2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzofuran-3-yl]-ethanone: To thesolution of 3,7-dibromo-dibenzofuran (972 mg, 3 mmol) andtributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane (1.22 ml, 3.6 mmol) in dioxane (20 ml) wasadded PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (90 mg) and Pd(PPh3)4 (90 mg). The mixture was heatedat 80° C. for 16 hours and was cooled to 0° C. Water (7 ml) was added,followed by slow addition of NBS (641 mg, 3.6 mmol) over 5 minutesperiod. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for additional 40 minutes, andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was dilutedwith EtOAc, and was washed with water and brine and dried with sodiumsulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure gave a mixture of2-bromo-1-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-ethanone and2-Bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzofuran-3-yl]-ethanone, which wasused directly for the next step.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl esterand Diketoester: To the solution of (s)Boc-PrOH (2.58 g, 12 mmol) andtriethylamine (1.46 ml, 10.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 ml)/DMF (15 ml)was added a solution of 2-bromo-1-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-ethanoneand 2-bromo-1-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzofuran-3-yl]-ethanone in DMF (20ml). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours, and the solvent wasevaporated. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and washed with 0.5 NNaOH solution, water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(hexanes/EtOAc) gave Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester(630 mg) and Diketoester (620 mg).

Example EN

3,7-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzofuran:The mixture of diketoester (600 mg, 0.89 mmol) and ammonium acetate(1.72 g) in xylene (10 ml) was heated at 140° C. for 80 minutes undermicrowave. The mixture was quenched with water, and extracted withEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, and was driedwith sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash columnchromatography (DCM/EtOAc) gave3,7-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzofuran(330 mg). m/z: 639.1 (M+1), 637.3 (M−1), 320.0 (M+2)/2.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

To the solution of3,7-bis-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzofuran(330 mg, 0.51 mmol) in DCM (4 ml) was added TFA (2 ml). The mixture wasstirred for 60 minutes, and the solvent and reagent were removed underreduced pressure. The mixture was diluted with acetonitrile and water,and was freezer-dried to give brown powder. To the solution of abovepowder (0.51 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (179 mg, 1.02 mmol) in DMF (15 ml)was added HATU (407 mg, 1.07 mmol), followed by diisopropylethylamine(0.9 ml, 5.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 60 minutes and wasevaporated and then diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washedwith 1 N NaOH solution, water, and brine, and was dried with sodiumsulfate. Concentration and purification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1%TFA/H₂O) gave(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (130 mg). m/z: 753.4 (M+1), 751.3 (M−1), 377.3(M+2)/2. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 8.23 (2H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 8.0 (2H, s),7.98 (2H, s), 7.78 (2H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 5.27 (2H, m), 4.24 (2H, d, J=7.0Hz), 4.15 (2H, m), 3.90 (2H, m), 3.67 (6H, s), 2.60 (2H, m), 2.35-2.0(8H, m), 1.0-0.8 (12H, m).

B. Example EO

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzofuran-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester: To the solution of Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester(250 mg, 0.5 mmol) and tributyl(ethoxyvinyl)stannane (188 μl, 0.55 mmol)in dioxane (3.3 ml) was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (15 mg). The mixture washeated at 80° C. for 16 hours and was cooled to 0° C. Water (1.1 ml) wasadded, followed by slow addition of NBS (98 mg, 0.55 mmol) over 5minutes period. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for additional 40minutes, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The mixturewas diluted with EtOAc, and was washed with water and brine and driedwith sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash columnchromatography (hexane/EtOAc) gave Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzofuran-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester (205 mg).

2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester

To the solution of 2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid2-tert-butyl ester (155 mg, 0.64 mmol) and triethylamine (77 μl, 0.55mmol) in acetonitrile (3 ml) was added a solution ofPyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-{2-[7-(2-bromo-acetyl)-dibenzofuran-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}ester1-tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.37 mmol) in DMF (6 ml). The mixture wasstirred for 10 hours, and the solvent was evaporated. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc, and washed with water and brine, and was dried withsodium sulfate. Concentration gave 2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester (243 mg). m/z: 703.3 (M−1), 727.2 (M+Na)

3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The mixture of2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{7-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester2-tert-butyl ester (243 mg) and ammonium acetate (860 mg, 11 mmol) inxylene (5 ml) was heated at 140° C. for 80 minutes under microwave. Themixture was quenched with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organicphase was washed with water and brine, and was dried with sodiumsulfate. Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(DCM/EtOAc) gave3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (170 mg). m/z: 665.0 (M+1), 663.4 (M−1), 333.0(M+2)/2.

(1-{3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of3-(5-{7-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (170 mg) in DCM (6 ml) was added TFA (3 ml). Themixture was stirred for 60 minutes, and the solvent and reagent wereremoved under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted withacetonitrile and water, and was freezer-dried to give brown powder. Tothe solution of above powder (0.256 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (90 mg, 0.51mmol) in DMF (7.5 ml) was added HATU (204 mg, 0.54 mmol), followed bydiisopropylethylamine (0.45 ml, 2.56 mmol). The mixture was stirred for90 minutes and was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with1 N NaOH solution, water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O)gave(1-{3-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (127 mg). m/z: 779.3 (M+1), 777.3 (M−1), 390.2(M+2)/2. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 8.23 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 8.03 (2H, s),7.98 (2H, m), 7.88 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 5.25 (1H, m), 4.85 (1H, m), 4.33(1H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.24 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 4.15 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, m),3.69 (3H, s), 3.67 (3H, s), 3.45 (1H, m), 2.89 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, m),2.35-1.6 (11H, m), 1.05-0.8 (12H, m).

C. Example EP

2-[5-(7-Bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The mixture of Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester(200 mg) and ammonium acetate (860 mg, 11 mmol) in xylene (5 ml) washeated at 140° C. for 80 minutes under microwave. The mixture wasquenched with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase waswashed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(DCM/EtOAc) gave2-[5-(7-Bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (124 mg). m/z: 481.9 (M+1), 480.2 (M−1).

2-(5-{7-[2-(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(7-Bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (124 mg, 0.26 mmol) and2-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (107 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DME (2.25 ml) and water(0.75 ml) was added potassium carbonate (72 mg, 0.52 mmol), followed byPd(PPh₃)₄ (15 mg) and PdCl₂(dppf)CH₂Cl₂ (15 mg). The mixture was heatedat 90° C. for 6 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and waswashed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography (EtOAc)gave2-(5-{7-[2-(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (83 mg). m/z: 689.1 (M+1), 687.3 (M−1), 345.0(M+2)/2.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl)-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of2-(5-{7-[2-(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (82 mg, 0.12) in DCM (4 ml) was added TFA (2 ml).The mixture was stirred for 60 minutes, and the solvent and reagent wereremoved under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted withacetonitrile and water, and was freezer-dried to give brown powder. Tothe solution of above powder (0.12 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (42 mg, 0.24mmol) in DMF (3.5 ml) was added HATU (95 mg, 0.25 mmol), followed bydiisopropylethylamine (0.21 ml, 1.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred for90 minutes and was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with1 N NaOH solution, water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O)gave(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (79 mg). m/z: 803.4 (M+1), 801.1 (M−1), 402.2 (M+2)/2.¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 8.25 (2H, m), 8.1-7.9 (5H, m), 7.9-7.75 (3H,m), 5.4-5.2 (2H, m), 4.25 (2H, m), 4.2-3.8 (4H, m), 3.67 (6H, s), 2.60(2H, m), 2.4-2.0 (8H, m), 1.05-0.8 (12H, m).

D. Example EQ

4-Bromo-3-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester: The chemical was bought fromSigma-Aldrich Co.

3-Methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acidmethyl ester: To the solution of 4-Bromo-3-methyl-benzoic acid methylester (4.56 g, 20 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (10.2 g, 40 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (160 ml) was added potassium acetate (5.0 g, 51 mmol),followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (924 mg). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 16hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washed with water andbrine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration and purificationby flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave3-Methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acidmethyl ester (4.8 g).

3-Bromomethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoicacid methyl ester

The solution of3-Methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acidmethyl ester (3.71 g, 13.4 mmol), NBS (2.39 g, 13.4 mmol), and AIBN (235mg) in CCl₄ (20 ml) was heated at 80° C. for 14 hours. The mixture wascooled to 25° C., and was filtered and washed with CCl₄. The solutionwas concentrated under reduced pressure, and was diluted with EtOAc. Thesolution was washed with water and brine and was dried with Na2SO4.Concentration gave3-Bromomethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoicacid methyl ester (4.9 g).

3-(2-Iodo-5-nitro-phenoxymethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoicacid methyl estermethane: The mixture of3-Bromomethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoicacid methyl ester (3.63 g, 10.3 mmol), 2-Iodo-5-nitro-phenol (2.72 g,10.3 mmol), and potassium carbonate (2.26 g, 16.4 mmol) in DMF (21 ml)was heated at 75° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to 25° C., andDMF was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted withEtOAc, and was acidified with 0.5 N HCl until pH=4. More water (totalvolume of water 100 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 5minutes. The mixture was filtered and washed with water. The solid wascollected and dried under reduced pressure.3-(2-Iodo-5-nitro-phenoxymethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[81,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoicacid methyl estermethane was obtained as solid (1.8 g).

3-Nitro-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester: To thesolution of3-(2-Iodo-5-nitro-phenoxymethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoicacid methyl estermethane (2.7 g, 5 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyether (75 ml)and water (25 ml) was added sodium bicarbonate (1.26 g, 15 mmol),followed by Pd(PPh₃)₄ (250 mg) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (250 mg). The mixture washeated at 80° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, andwas washed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by flash column chromatography(DCM/hexanes) gave 3-Nitro-6H-benzo[8c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methylester (690 mg).

3-Amino-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester: To thesolution of 3-Nitro-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester(690 mg) in THF/DMF (5 ml/5 ml) was added acetic acid (10 ml), followedby slow addition of Zinc (800 mg). The mixture was stirred for 12 hoursand solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc, and 0.2 N sodium hydroxide solution was added untilpH=10. The organic layer was separated and was washed with water andbrine and dried with Na2SO4. Concentration and purification by flashcolumn chromatography (DCM/EtOAc) gave3-Amino-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester (300 mg).

3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester: To asolution of copper (II) bromide (315 mg, 1.42 mmol) and t-butyl nitrite(233 μl, 1.77 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 ml) at 65° C. was added dropwise asuspension of 3-Amino-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester(300 mg, 1.18 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 ml). The mixture was heated at 65° C.for 3 hours. Concentration and purification by flash columnchromatography (DCM/EtOAc) gave 3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylicacid methyl ester (160 mg).

3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid: The solution of3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester (160 mg, 0.5mmol) and sodium hydroxide (1.0 N, 1 ml, 1 mmol) in THF/MeOH (2 ml/2 ml)was heated at 50° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to 25° C. andwas acidified with 2 N HCl (0.6 ml). The solvents were removed underreduced pressure. The mixture was diluted with acetonitrile and water,and was freezer-dried to give 3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylicacid as brown powder.

2-Bromo-1-(3-bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-ethanone: To3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carboxylic acid (0.5 mmol) was added asolution of oxalyl chloride in DCM (2.0 N, 5 ml, 10 mmol). The mixturewas heated at 45° C. for 2 hours and cooled to 25° C. Excess reagentsand solvent were removed under reduced pressure and co-evaporated withtoluene. To the solution of above residue in DCM (5 ml) at 0° C.trimethylsilyldiazomethane (2.0 N, 0.75 ml, 1.5 mmol) was addeddropwise. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours and wasconcentrated. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and was cooled to 0° C.To above solution HBr/HOAc (0.28 ml, 1.5 mmol) was added dropwise. Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. Solid sodium bicarbonate wasadded and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc, and was washed with water and brine and was driedwith Na₂SO₄. Concentration gave2-Bromo-1-(3-bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-ethanone, which was used fornext step without purification.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(3-bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester: To the solution of (s)Boc-PrOH (1.07 g, 5 mmol) and triethylamine(0.63 ml, 4.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 ml) was added a solution of2-Bromo-1-(3-bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-ethanone (0.5 mmol) in DMF(10 ml). The mixture was stirred for 10 hours, and the solvent wasevaporated. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and washed with 0.5 NNaOH solution, water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration gave Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(3-bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester, which was used for the next step without further purification.

2-[5-(3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The mixture of Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(3-bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butylester (0.5 mmol) and ammonium acetate (860 mg, 11 mmol) in xylene (5 ml)was heated at 140° C. for 80 minutes under microwave. The mixture wasquenched with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase waswashed with water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O)gave2-[5-(3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (8 mg). m/z: 496.0 (M+1), 494.1 (M−1).

2-(5-{3-[2-(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of2-[5-(3-Bromo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (9 mg, 0.02 mmol) and2-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (9.6 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DME (0.75 ml) and water(0.25 ml) was added potassium carbonate (10 mg, 0.07 mmol), followed byPd(PPh₃)₄ (2 mg) and PdCl₂(dppf)CH₂Cl₂ (2 mg). The mixture was heated at90° C. for 6 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washedwith water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentrationand purification by flash column chromatography (EtOAc) gave2-(5-{3-[2-(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4.2 mg). m/z: 729.2 (M+1), 727.3 (M−1), 365.2(M+2)/2.

(1-{2-[5-(3-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of2-(5-{3-[2-(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (4.2 mg, 0.006) in DCM (2 ml) was added TFA (1ml). The mixture was stirred for 60 minutes, and the solvent and reagentwere removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted withacetonitrile and water, and was freezer-dried to give brown powder. Tothe solution of above powder (0.006 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (2 mg, 0.012mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was added HATU (4.6 mg, 0.012 mmol), followed bydiisopropylethylamine (10 μl, 0.058 mmol). The mixture was stirred for90 minutes and was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with1 N NaOH solution, water, and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration and purification by HPLC (0.1% TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O)gave(1-{2-[5-(3-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-6H-benzo[c]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (2.5 mg). In/z: (M+1), (M−1), (M+2)/2. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD,300 MHz) δ 8.07-7.7 (7H, m), 7.62 (1H, s), 7.45 (1H, m), 7.38 (1H, s),5.25 (4H, m), 4.35 (1H, m), 4.22 (1H, m), 4.15 (2H, m), 3.85 (2H, m),3.65 (6H, m), 2.98 (1H, s), 2.6 (1H, m), 2.3-1.7 (8H, m), 1.05-0.85(12H, m).

Example ER

6-Bromo-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-benzoimidazole: Prepared by the same methodas(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester was used as the substrate. 120 mg light yellow solid(66% yield).

{1-[2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: Prepared by the same method as(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester but using 6-bromo-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-benzoimidazoleas the substrate. 193 mg crude solid were used for the next step.

[2-Methyl-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-methyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was made using the same procedure asfor[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester wasused in place of Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl esterand 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid was used in place of2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid.

(1-{2-[6-(6-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:{1-[2-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.193 g),[2-Methyl-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-methyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.241 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.123 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (6 mL) and water (2 mL). The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0219 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 85° C. for 2 days and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (15 mL) and extracted twice withwater (10 mL) and once with brine (10 mL). The resulting oil wassubjected to silica gel chromatography using a 40 g ISCO column andeffluent of 0-5% MeOH:DCM. The fractions containing product werecombined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Oil wasdissolved in DMF, purified by reverse phase HPLC (5-70%acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized, giving(1-{2-[6-(6-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.039 g, 12%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.8 (s, 1H), 8.2 (d, J=27 Hz, 2H), 7.9(m, 4H), 7.6 (m, 3H), 7.3 (m, 2H), 5.3 (m, 2H), 4.1 (m, 2H), 3.8 (m,2H), 3.5 (s, 6H), 2.5 (s, 6H), 2.8 (m, 1H), 2.1 (m, 4H), 2.0 (m, 4H),0.9 (m, 12H); MS (ESI): m/z 763 [M+H]⁺.

Example ES

N′-Isopropylidene-hydrazine-carboxylic acid methyl ester:Hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester (5.01 g) were dissolved in acetone(28 mL), and acetic acid (0.0636 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Water (50 mL) was added, andmixture was extracted three times with DCM (50 mL) and evaporated undervacuum, giving N′-Isopropylidene-hydrazine-carboxylic acid methyl ester(6.45 g, 89%).

N′-Isopropyl-hydrazine-carboxylic acid methyl ester:N′-Isopropylidene-hydrazine-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6.45 g) weredissolved in ethanol (50 mL) and acetic acid (50 mL). PtO₂ (0.231 g) wasadded, and reaction was stirred at room temperature for 22 hours underan atmosphere of hydrogen. Mixture was evaporated under vacuum, givingN′-Isopropyl-hydrazine-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5.08 g, 77%) as awhite solid.

N′-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-N′-isopropyl-hydrazine-carboxylicacid methyl ester: Triphosgene (1.05 g) was dissolved in DCM (17 mL) andstirred at 0° C. N′-Isopropyl-hydrazine-carboxylic acid methyl ester(1.00 g) and DIPEA (1.5 mL) were dissolved in DCM (25 mL), and mixturewas added to triphosgene solution and stirred for 10 minutes.5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-1H-imidazole (2.65 g) was added.Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and extracted twicewith water (10 mL), once with brine (10 mL), and evaporated undervacuum. The resulting oil was subjected to silica gel chromatographyusing a 40 g ISCO column and effluent of 0-100% ethyl acetate:hexanes.The fractions containing product were combined and the solvent wasremoved under vacuum, givingN′-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-N′-isopropyl-hydrazine-carboxylicacid methyl ester (533 mg, 16%).

N′-Isopropyl-N′-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-hydrazinecarboxylicacid methyl ester:N′-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-N′-isopropyl-hydrazine-carboxylicacid methyl ester (0.533 g),4,4,5,5,4′,4′,5′,5′-Octamethyl-[2,2′]-bi[[1,3,2]dioxaborolanyl] (0.644g), and KOAc (0.309 g) were dissolved in dioxane (8 mL). The solutionwas degassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0562 g) was added, andreaction was stirred at 80° C. for 2 days. Solid was removed by vacuumfiltration, and solvent was removed under vacuum. The resulting oil wassubjected to silica gel chromatography using a 40 g ISCO column andeffluent of 0-5% MeOH:DCM. The fractions containing product werecombined and the solvent was removed under vacuum, givingN′-Isopropyl-N′-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-hydrazinecarboxylicacid methyl ester (0.564 g, 96%) as a yellow solid.

N′-Isopropyl-N′-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-hydrazinecarboxylicacid methyl ester:N′-Isopropyl-N′-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-hydrazinecarboxylicacid methyl ester (0.295 g),(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromophenyl-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.280 g), and NaHCO₃ were dissolved in DME (9 mL) andwater (3 mL). The solution was degassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.0282 g) was added, and reaction was stirred at 85° C. for 19 hours.Solvent was removed under vacuum. Solid was dissolved in DMF, purifiedby reverse phase HPLC (5-70% acetonitrile:water) two times, andlyophilized, givingN′-Isopropyl-N′-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-hydrazinecarboxylicacid methyl ester (0.017 g, 4%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CH₃OH-d₄) δ: 7.9 (m, 12H), 5.3 (m, 2H), 4.4 (m, 1H),4.2 (d, J=7 Hz, 2H), 4.1 (m, 1H), 3.9 (m, 4H), 3.6 (m, 6H), 3.3 (s, 3H),2.6 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 8H), 1.1 (m, 6H), 0.9 (m, 6H); MS (ESI): m/z 740[M+H]⁺.

Example ET

[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.226 g),[2-Methyl-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-methyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.297 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.154 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (9 mL) and water (3 mL). The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0263 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 80° C. for 19 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in DCM (15 mL) and extracted twice with water (10mL) and once with brine (10 mL). The resulting oil was subjected tosilica gel chromatography using a 40 g ISCO column and effluent of 0-5%MeOH:DCM. The fractions containing product were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. Oil was dissolved in DMF, purifiedby reverse phase HPLC (5-70% acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized,giving[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.138 g, 32%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CH₃OH-d₄) δ: 8.3 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 8.1 (m, 2H), 8.0 (m,4H), 7.9 (m, 4H), 5.3 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H), 4.6 (s, 2H), 4.5 (m, 2H), 4.2 (d,J=7 Hz, 2H), 4.1 (m, 2H), 3.9 (m, 2H), 3.6 (s, 6H), 3.3 (s, 2H), 2.9 (s,1H), 2.8 (m, 1H), 2.0 (m, 8H), 1.8 (m, 1H), 1.4 (d, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.9 (m,6H); MS (ESI): m/z 787 [M+H]⁺.

Example EU

[2-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(2-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.241 g),[2-Methyl-1-(3-{-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-methyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.303 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.164 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (9 mL) and water (3 mL). The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0263 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 80° C. for 19 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in DCM (15 mL) and extracted twice with water (10mL) and once with brine (10 mL). The resulting oil was subjected tosilica gel chromatography using a 40 g ISCO column and effluent of 0-5%MeOH:DCM. The fractions containing product were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. Oil was dissolved in DMF, purifiedby reverse phase HPLC (5-70% acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized,giving[2-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.159 g, 38%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CH₃OH-d₄) δ: 8.3 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 8.1 (m, 2H), 8.0 (m,4H), 7.9 (m, 4H), 5.3 (m, 2H), 4.6 (s, 2H), 4.5 (m, 4H), 4.0 (m, 2H),3.9 (m, 2H), 3.7 (d, J=7 Hz, 6H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 2.9 (s, 1H), 2.8 (s, 1H),2.6 (m, 1H), 2.0 (m, 8H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.4 (m, 6H); MS (ESI): m/z 759[M+H]⁺.

Example EV

[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was made using the same procedure asfor[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester, except that2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester wasused in place of Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester asdescribed in example CL.

[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.251 g),[2-Methyl-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester (0.301 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.162 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (9 mL) and water (3 mL). The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0254 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 80° C. for 21 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in DCM (20 mL) and extracted twice with water (10mL) and once with brine (10 mL). The resulting oil was subjected tosilica gel chromatography using a 40 g ISCO column and effluent of 0-5%MeOH:DCM. The fractions containing product were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. Oil was dissolved in DMF, purifiedby reverse phase HPLC (5-70% acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized,giving[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.187 g, 44%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CH₃OH-d₄) δ: 8.3 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 8.1 (m, 2H), 8.0 (m,4H), 7.9 (m, 4H), 5.3 (m, 2H), 4.7 (s, 2H), 4.3 (m, 2H), 4.1 (m, 2H),3.9 (m, 2H), 3.7 (d, J=7 Hz, 6H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 2.9 (s, 1H), 2.6 (m, 2H),2.1 (m, 8H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.4 (m, 12H); MS (ESI): m/z 815 [M+H]⁺.

Example EW

[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(2-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.235 g),[2-Methyl-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.310 g), and NaHCO₃ (0.145 g) were dissolved in amixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (9 mL) and water (3 mL). The solution wasdegassed with nitrogen, and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0260 g) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at 80° C. for 24 hours and evaporated under vacuum.Solid was dissolved in DCM (20 mL) and extracted twice with water (10mL) and once with brine (10 mL). The resulting oil was subjected tosilica gel chromatography using a 40 g ISCO column and effluent of 0-5%MeOH:DCM. The fractions containing product were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. Oil was dissolved in DMF, purifiedby reverse phase HPLC (5-70% acetonitrile:water), and lyophilized,giving[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.150 g, 36%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CH₃OH-d₁) δ: 8.3 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 8.1 (m, 2H), 8.0 (m,4H), 7.9 (m, 4H), 5.3 (m, 2H), 4.7 (s, 2H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 4.3 (d, J=7 Hz,1H), 4.0 (m, 2H), 3.7 (d, J=7 Hz, 6H), 3.3 (s, 6H), 2.9 (s, 1H), 2.3 (m,2H), 2.1 (m, 8H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.3 (d, J=7 Hz, 3H) 1.0 (m,6H); MS (ESI): m/z 787 [M+H]⁺.

Example EX

3-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A solution of(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (500 mg, 1.27 mmol),3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (530 mg, 1.27 mmol), and triethylamine (531 □L,3.81 mmol) in DMF (6.4 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20 minutes. Tothe degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (150 mg, 0.13 mmol) and CuI(25 mg, 0.13 mmol). The pressure flask was sealed then heated at 80° C.overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was quenchedwith AcOH then purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (10-70%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) then silica gel chromatography(0-10% MeOH-EtOAc gradient) to afford3-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (500 mg, 0.68 mmol, 54% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₄₂H₅₀N₇O₅: 732.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 732.2 (M+H⁺).

[1-(3-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To3-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (150 mg, 0.20 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) was added4N HCl in dioxanes (250 □L). The suspension was stirred for 2 hours thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crudeamine in DMF (4 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (330 □L, 0.30 mmol).After all material dissolved, 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyricacid (53 mg, 0.30 mmol) and HATU (76 mg, 0.20 mmol) were added. Afterstirring for overnight the reaction was quenched with AcOH then purifiedby reverse phase preparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acidmodifier) to afford the title product[1-(3-{5-[4-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (83 mg, 0.11 mmol, 53% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 7.59-7.55 (m, 4H), 7.41-7.38 (m, 4H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.15(s, 1H), 6.16 (m, 2H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 4.63 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 1H),4.34-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.88(m, 1H), 2.25-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.54(d, 2H), 1.00-0.887 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₃N₈O₆: 789.4(M+H⁺). Found: 789.5 (M+H⁺).

Example EY

3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A solution of[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (500 mg, 0.92 mmol),3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (383 mg, 0.92 mmol) and aq K₂CO₃ (920 μl of a 2Msolution, 1.84 mmol) in DME (9 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (106 mg, 0.092mmol) and PdCl₂dppf (75 mg, 0.092 mmol) and then the reaction was heatedto 80° C. overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction wasquenched with acetic acid, filtered, and then concentrated. The crudeproduct was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (5-50% MeCN—H₂O;0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (112 mg, 0.15 mmol, 16% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₄H₅₂N₇O₅: 758.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 758.0 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.092 mmol) in dioxanes (3 mL) was added4N HCl in dioxanes (1 mL). The suspension was stirred overnight thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine, which waspurified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formicacid modifier) and concentrated. The formate salt was dissolved in MeOHthen passed through an ion-exchange column (StratoSpheres SPE PL-HCO₃ MPSE) to afford the free amine (30 mg, 0.046 mmol, 58%). To the amine (30mg, 0.046 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (10 □L, 0.092mmol). After all material dissolved,2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (12 mg, 0.068 mmol) andHATU (19 mg, 0.051 mmol) were added. After stirring for 3 hours thereaction was quenched with AcOH then purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (29 mg, 0.036 mmol, 77% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.63-7.58 (m,4H), 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.17 (m, 2H), 5.21 (m,1H), 4.67 (s, 1H), 4.52 (s, 1H), 4.35-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 3.79(m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 6H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.43 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.1.82 (m, 9H),1.55 (d, 2H), 1.02-0.87 (m, 12H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₅N₈O₆:815.3 (M+H⁺). Found: 815.4 (M+H⁺).

Example EZ

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of(1-{3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (151 mg, 0.32 mmol),[2-Methyl-1-(6-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (200 mg, 0.35 mmol) and aq K₂CO₃ (438 μl of a 2Msolution, 0.88 mmol) in DME (4 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (40 mg, 0.035mmol) and then the reaction was heated to 80° C. overnight. Aftercooling to room temperature, the reaction was quenched with acetic acid,filtered, and then concentrated. The crude product was purified byreverse phase preparative HPLC (5-50% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acidmodifier) to afford[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (40 mg, 0.047 mmol, 14% yield). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.75 (s, 1H), 11.72 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H),7.93-7.74 (m, 8H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.16 (d,1H), 5.22 (t, 1H), 4.52-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.16 (t, 1H), 4.00 (t, 1H), 3.81(d, 1H), 3.75 (d, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.55 (m, 1H),2.32-1.41 (m, 10H), 1.01-0.57 (m, 16H). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₈H₅₇N₈O₆: 841.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 842.1 (M+H⁺).

Example FA and FB

4-Cyano-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to preparepyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester inExample CL, substituting pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butylester with N-Boc-cis-4-cyano-L-proline methyl ester (643 mg, 67%)

2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: in Example CL, changing the reaction temperatureto 130° C. and the reaction time to 75 minutes. (396 mg, 64%) MS (ESI)m/z 468.99 [M+H]⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thianthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester and(1-{2-[5-(8-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thianthren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester in Example BS, substituting N-methylmorpholine withfive equivalents of diisopropylethylamine. (430 mg, 97%) MS (ESI) m/z525.94 [M+H]⁺.

[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare2-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester in Example CL, replacing N-Boc Proline withN-Boc-4-cyano-proline. (407 mg, 87%) MS (ESI) m/z 572.46 [M+H]⁺.

(1-{6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-3-methanesulfonyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromonaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester in Example CK, substituting N-methylmorpholine withfive equivalents of diisopropylethylamine. (99%)

Example FA[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(4-methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(6′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[2,2′]binaphthalenyl-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester in Example CL. (30%)

:¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 8.14 (s, 2H), 8.09 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.92(d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.85-7.78 (m, 5H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 5.33(dd, J=5.6 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.63-4.58 (m, 2H),4.17-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.05 (t, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.65 (d, J=5.2Hz, 6H), 3.48-3.42 (m, 3H), 3.21 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (s, 1H), 2.95(s, 2H), 2.92-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.27 (m, 2H),2.14-1.92 (m, 4H), 0.98-0.87 (m, 7H), 0.79-0.59 (m, 4H). MS (ESI) m/z904.58 [M+H]⁺.

Example FB[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(6′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-[2,2]binaphthalenyl-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester in Example CL. (35%)

:¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H),7.92 (dd, J=2 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 6H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.33 (s,1H), 5.21 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (s, 1H), 4.62-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.33-4.27(m, 1H), 4.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (t, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (d, J=5.6Hz, 4H), 3.51 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.76 (s, 1H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.29(d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.84 (m, 4H), 1.65-1.56 (m,2H), 1.31 (m, 1H), 1.02 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 0.971-0.86 (m, 8H). MS (ESI)m/z 840.64 [M+H]⁺.

Example FC

3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-morpholine-4-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AE), substitutingMorpholine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-tert-butyl ester for2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester.

3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-morpholine-4-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AS), substituting3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-morpholine-4-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester for3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-morpholine-4-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare{1-[2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CY), substituting3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-morpholine-4-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester for2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-morpholin-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepareMethoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CT), substituting(1-{3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-morpholine-4-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ 12.05 (s, 1H), 11.84 (s,1H), 7.81-7.74 (m, 4H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.47 (m, 4H),7.32-7.27 (m, 2H), 4.42-4.34 (m, 2H), 4.08-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.79 (m,3H), 3.72-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.56 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 5H), 3.46-3.40 (m, 2H),2.2-2.07 (m, 3H), 2.01-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.02-1.00 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H),0.953-0.837 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 779 [M+H]⁺.

Example FD

2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-formyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-(5-Bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (2.00 g, 6.32 mmol), 4-Chloro-2-formyl-phenylboronic acid (1.17 g,6.32 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (365 mg, 0.316 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂-DCM (258 mg,0.316 mmol) K₂CO₃ (2 M, 6.3 mL, 12.6 mmol) and DME (30 mL) were combinedin a round bottom flask. The stirred suspension was degassed for 10minutes with bubbling N₂ then heated to 85° C. After 4 h, the reactionmixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The aqueous phase wasextracted 3× with EtOAc and the combined organics were dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (25% to 75% EtOAc/Hexane) toafford the title compound2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-formyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.85 g, 78%).

2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-cyano-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-formyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (985 mg, 2.62 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (20mL) and hydroxylamine (50% w/w in H₂O, 642 μl, 10.48 mmol) was added.After stirring at room temperature for 15 h, the solution wasconcentrated. To the crude oxime was added TBSCl (474 mg, 3.14 mmol),imidazole (357 mg, 5.24 mmol) and DMF (10 mL). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 120° C. for 80 minutes at which point more TBSCl (237 mg,1.58 mmol) and imidazole (177 mg, 2.60 mmol) were added. The reactionmixture was stirred an additional 17 hours at 120° C. then cooled toroom temperature, diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine then dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (25% to 50% EtOAc/Hexane) to afford thetitle compound2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-cyano-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (500 mg, 51%).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-cyano-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CX), substituting2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-cyano-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester.

3-Cyano-4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylboronicacid: Title compound was prepared according to the method employed toprepare2-{5-[2′-Cyano-4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example CZ), substituting(1-{2-[5-(4-Chloro-2-cyano-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for2-[5-(4′-Chloro-2′-cyano-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{2-[5-(3-Cyano-4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AZ), substituting3-Cyano-4-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylboronicacid for[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ 12.13 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04(m, 2H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 4H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=3.6 Hz, 8.4 Hz,1H), 5.13-5.10 (m, 2H); MS (ESI) m/z 764 [M+H]⁺.

Example FE

2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to themethod employed to prepare3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AE), substituting4-Cyano-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester for2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to themethod employed to prepare3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AS),2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CX), substituting2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester.

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[4-Cyano-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AZ), substituting(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ 11.98 (s, 1H), 11.82 (s,1H), 8.22 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.77 (m, 6H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0, 1H), 5.24 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (d, J=4.0, 1H),4.22-4.19 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.0 (m, 4H), 3.89-3.83 (m, 4H), 3.56 (d, J=5.6Hz, 6H), 2.17 (brs, 2H), 2.06-1.90 (m, 4H), 0.95-0.84 (m, 14H); MS (ESI)m/z 814 [M+H]⁺.

Example FF

(1-{2-[5-(6-Ethynyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-t-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester from(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AY), substituting(1-{2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester.

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylethynyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepareMethoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CT), substituting{1-[3-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester and(1-{2-[5-(6-Ethynyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester. NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 8.19-8.11 (m, 1H),8.01-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.71 (m, 3H), 7.57-7.39 (m, 3H), 7.02-6.99 (m,1H); MS (ESI) m/z 813 [M+H]⁺.

Example FG

2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to themethod employed to prepare3-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AE), substituting4-Cyano-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester for2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to themethod employed to prepare3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AS), and substituting2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CX), substituting2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester.

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[4-Cyano-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AZ), substituting(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 8.12-8.03 (m, 2H),7.89-7.74 (m, 6H), 7.48-7.36 (m, 2H), 5.20 (m, 2H), 4.60 (m, 1H),4.28-3.88 (m, 6H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.19(m, 3H), 2.11-1.97 (m, 3H), 1.00-0.88 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 814 [M+H]⁺.

Example FH

3-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid: Methyl chloroformate(0.81 mL, 10.51 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of2-Amino-3-cyano-propionic acid (1.00 g, 8.76 mmol) and NaOH (5 N in H₂O,4.2 mL, 21.0 mmol) in THF (20 mL). After stirring at room temperaturefor 7 h, the reaction mixture was poured into 10% HCl and the aqueousphase was extracted 3× with diethyl ether. The combined organics weredried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to afford3-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (295 mg, 20%).

[2-Cyano-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CX), substituting3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester and 3-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid for2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(3-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AZ), substituting[2-Cyano-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester for[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ: 8.24-8.18 (m, 2H),7.99-7.79 (m, 6H), 7.63-7.54 (m, 2H), 5.09 (m, 1H), 4.84 (m, 1H), 4.53(s, 1H), 4.41 (s, 1H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.82 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.54(s, 3H), 2.92-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.67 (m, 1H),2.16-1.42 (m, 9H), 0.91-0.87 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 812 [M+H]⁺.

Example FI

[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4,4-difluoro-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4,4-Difluoro-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AB1) substituting(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (400 mg, 0.89 mmol), and(1-{2-[5-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 7.71-7.61 (m, 4H)7.46-7.34 (m, 4H), 5.30 (m, 1H), 5.14 (m, 1H), 4.55-4.45 (m, 2H),4.20-3.94 (m, 5H), 3.61 (s, 6H), 3.47-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.84-2.76 (m, 3H),2.52 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.91 (m, 2H), 0.96-0.83 (m, 12H); MS (ESI) m/z 824[M+H]⁺.

Example FJ

4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-benzyl ester 2-methylester: 4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester(12.00 g, 52.80 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (200 mL) and treated with4.0 M HCl/dioxane (50 mL). After stirring for 3.5 hours at roomtemperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure. The crude residue was dissolved in DCM (200 mL) and treatedwith DIPEA (22 mL, 127 mmol) and BnOCOCl (9.64 mL, 63.4 mmol). Afterstirring for 1 hours at room temperature, the reaction mixture waspoured into H₂O. The aqueous layer was extracted 3× with DCM. Thecombined organics were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica column chromatography (10% to 25%EtOAc/hexane) to provide 4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-benzyl ester 2-methyl ester (8.20 g, 56%).

5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester: Diethylzinc (1.0 M in hexane (118 mL, 118 mmol) was added to a 3-neck roundbottom flask containing a stir bar, DCM (120 mL) and equipped with anaddition funnel and an Argon inlet adaptor. The solution was cooled to0° C. before TFA (9.5 mL, 118 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added dropwise byaddition funnel over 22 minutes. 20 minutes after completion of theaddition, CH₂I₂ was added slowly over 4 minutes. 20 minutes aftercompletion of addition, 4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-benzyl ester 2-methyl ester (8.10 g, 29.4 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) wasadded by cannula followed by a rinse with DCM (10 mL). 10 minutes later,the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 110hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of 100 mL saturated aqueousNH₄Cl. The entire contents of the flask were poured into saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and the aqueous phase was extracted 3× with EtOAc. Thecombined organics were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was dissolved in THF (100 mL), acetone (33 mL) and H₂O (33 mL)and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (3.45 g, 29.41 mmol) and osmium tetroxide(4 wt % in H₂O, 5 mL, 0.818 mmol) were added sequentially. The reactionmixture was stirred 7 hours at room temperature then quenched with 100mL saturated aqueous Na₂S₂O₃. The entire contents of the flask waspoured into H₂O and the aqueous layer was extracted 3× with DCM. Thecombined organics were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresulting residue was purified by silica column chromatography (10% to25% EtOAc/hexane) to provide 5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylicacid 5-benzyl ester (5.54 g, 65%).

6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: 5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid5-benzyl ester (361 mg, 1.25 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL) andLiOH (1 M in H₂O, 5 mL, 5 mmol) was added.

After stirring for 15 hours at room temperature, the reaction mixturewas poured into 10% HCl and the aqueous phase was extracted 3× with DCM.The combined organics were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated.The residue was treated with 2-Amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanonehydrochloride (344 mg, 1.38 mmol), HATU (525 mg, 1.38 mmol) and DMF (14mL). The suspension was stirred at 0° C. for 21 minutes before DIPEA(0.72 mL, 4.1 mmol) was added dropwise. Immediately after addition, thereaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. 40 minutes later themixture was diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, then dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (30% to 50% EtOAc/hexane) to afford6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (589 mg, 100%).

6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AS), substituting6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester for3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (478 mg, 1.04 mmol) was treated with DCM (5 mL) thenHBr (33 wt % in AcOH, 5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 160 minutes atroom temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure then coevaporated2× with toluene to remove excess AcOH. The crude residue was treatedwith 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (274 mg, 1.56 mmol),HATU (435 mg, 1.14 mmol) and DMF (10 mL). The stirred mixture was cooledto 0° C. and DIPEA (0.91 mL, 5.2 mmol) was added before the warming toroom temperature. After 1 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAcand washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layerwas dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated and the crude residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (75% to 100% EtOAc/hexane)to yield(1-{6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (297 mg, 60%).

(1-{6-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester from(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AY), substituting(1-{6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester.

[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[4-(4-{2-[4,4-Difluoro-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenylethynyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AB1), substituting(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (400 mg, 0.89 mmol), and(1-{6-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 7.78-7.66 (m, 4H),7.52-7.37 (m, 4H), 5.29 (m, 1H), 5.17 (m, 1H), 4.59 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.09(m, 3H), 4.01 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.65 (s, 6H), 3.50-3.42 (m,2H), 2.88-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.13(m, 1H), 2.05-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.01-0.87 (m, 12H), 0.82-0.63 (m, 4H); MS(ESI) m/z 814 [M+H]⁺.

Example FK

6-[2-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: 5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid5-benzyl ester (2.217 g, 7.66 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (30 mL) andLiOH (1 M in H₂O, 15 mL, 15 mmol) was added. After stirring for 15 hoursat room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into 10% HCl andthe aqueous phase was extracted 3× with DCM. The combined organics weredried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was treatedwith MeCN (40 mL), Et₃N (1.2 mL, 8.4 mmol) and2-Bromo-1-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-ethanone and the mixture was stirredat room temperature for 20 hours before being filtered over CELITE andconcentrated. The resulting oil was dissolved in the minimum amount ofDCM and EtOAc (30 mL) was added causing the product to precipitate. Themixture was cooled to 0° C. then the solid was filtered off and rinsedwith EtOAc giving clean product (4.00 g, 100%).

6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare3-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example AS), substituting6-[2-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester for3-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester.

(1-{6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare(1-{6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, substituting6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester for6-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester according to example FJ.

[2-Methyl-1-(6-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepareMethyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CY), substituting(1-{6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for{1-[2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester.

[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AZ), substituting(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester and[2-Methyl-1-(6-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester for[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ: 8.20-8.10 (m, 2H),7.90-7.68 (m, 6H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.18 (m, 1H),5.07 (m, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.69 (m, 6H), 3.40-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.30(s, 6H), 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.40-1.90 (m, 5H), 0.90-0.79 (m, 12H), 0.70-0.54(m, 4H); MS (ESI) m/z 841 [M+H]⁺.

Example DL

6-(2-Amino-5-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester and6-(2-Amino-4-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: 5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid5-benzyl ester 6 methyl ester (987 mg, 3.41 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH(10 mL) and LiOH (1 M in H₂O, 5 mL, 5 mmol) was added. After stirringfor 2 hours at 50° C., the reaction mixture was poured into 10% HCl andthe aqueous phase was extracted 3× with DCM. The combined organics weredried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was treatedwith 4-Bromo-benzene-1,2-diamine (1.60 g, 8.53 mmol), HATU (1.43 g, 3.75mmol) and DMF (17 mL) then cooled to 0° C. DIPEA (0.712 mL, 4.09 mmol)was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to roomtemperature slowly overnight. The reaction mixture was then diluted withEtOAc and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ andbrine then dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crudematerial was purified by silica column chromatography to afford amixture of6-(2-Amino-5-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester and6-(2-Amino-4-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (1.47 g, 97%).

6-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: A mixture of6-(2-Amino-5-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester and6-(2-Amino-4-bromo-phenylcarbamoyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (1.446 g, 3.25 mmol) was dissolved in AcOH (20 mL) andthe reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 18 hours thenconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAcand washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The aqueous layer wasextracted 2× with EtOAc and the combined organics were dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated to provide6-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (1.385 g, 100%).

{1-[6-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:6-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (301 mg, 0.706 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) andHBr (33 wt % in AcOH, 5 mL) was added. After 2 h the reaction mixturewas concentrated and placed under hi-vac. The residue was co-evaporatedwith PhMe, MeOH, then again with PhMe and MeOH and placed under hi-vac.The residue was treated with 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyricacid (130 mg, 0.741 mmol, HATU (282 mg, 0.741 mmol) and DMF (7 mL). Thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. then DIPEA (0.615 mL, 3.53 mmol)was added before warming to room temperature. After 30 minutes, thereaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and the organic phase was washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, then dried over MgSO₄, filteredand concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (50% to 80% EtOAc/hexane) to afford{1-[6-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (238 mg, 75%).

(2-Methyl-1-{6-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepareMethyl-1-{2-[4′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CY), substituting{1-[6-(6-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester for{1-[2-(4′-Bromo-biphenyl-4-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester.

(1-{4-Cyano-2-[5-(9,9-difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[142-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AZ), substituting(1-{2-[5-(7-Bromo-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester and(2-Methyl-1-{6-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ: 8.07-7.55 (m, 9H), 7.34(m, 2H), 5.31 (m, 1H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.08-3.87 (m, 6H),3.63-3.54 (m, 9H), 3.41-3.28 (m, 4H), 2.73 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.25 (m, 2H),2.15-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, MI), 0.93-0.83 (m, 12H), 0.74-0.57 (m, 4H);MS (ESI) m/z 889 [M+H]⁺.

Example FM

4-Methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid: Methylchloroformate (2.6 mL, 33 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirredsuspension of 2-Amino-4-methanesulfonyl-butyric acid (5.03 g, 27.8 mmol)and NaOH (5 N in H₂O, 13.3 mL, 66.6 mmol) in THF (50 mL). After stirringat room temperature for 9 h, additional methyl chloroformate (5.2 mL,66.6 mmol) and NaOH (5 N in H₂O, 30 mL, 150 mmol) were added. Afteranother 14 h, the reaction mixture was poured into H₂O. The aqueousphase was washed with DCM 2× then acidified to pH 1 with 10% HCl. Theacidified aqueous phase was extracted 3× with EtOAc. The combinedorganics were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to provide4-Methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (970 mg, 15%).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-3-methanesulfonyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare{1-[2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example CX), substituting2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester for2-(4′-Chloro-biphenyl-3-ylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester and 4-Methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyricacid for 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid.

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[4-Cyano-1-(4-methanesulfonyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example AZ), substituting(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-3-methanesulfonyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester for(1-{2-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester and[2-Methyl-1-(6-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester for[2-methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 8.09-8.07 (m, 2H),7.92-7.22 (m, 8H), 7.42-7.38 (m, 2H), 5.33 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (m, 1H), 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.95 (d,J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 3.55-3.49 (m, 3H),3.19-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.89-2.03 (m, 10H), 1.03-0.64 (m, 14H);MS (ESI) m/z 904 [M+H]⁺.

Example FN

4-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester:4-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (5.0 g)was dissolved in methanol (87 mL), and Cs₂CO₃ (3.5 g) in water (56 mL)was added. The mixture was stirred over 10 min. and evaporated undervacuum. The solid was dissolved in DMF (100 mL), and2-bromo-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone (6.0 g) was added. Reaction mixturewas stirred over 3 hours and evaporated under vacuum. The crude solidwas used for the next step.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: The crude 4-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylicacid 2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (10.8 g)and ammonium acetate (13.3 g) were suspended in toluene (80 mL). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 80 min. and evaporated underreduced pressure and resulting residue was taken up in ethyl acetate(200 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate(1×150 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was removed,the resulting oil was subjected to silica gel chromatography usingeffluent of 50-90% ethyl acetate and hexanes. The fractions containingproduct were combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressureto provide2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (2.3 g, 32% over 2 steps) as an off-white solid.

2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (500 mg) was dissolved in DMF (8 mL), and NaH (54mg) was added. The mixture was stirred over 10 min. and SEM-Cl was addedslowly, and then stirred for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with 3 mLof sat. NH₄Cl and was taken up in ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organicphase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (1×100 mL) and driedover sodium sulfate. After the solvent was removed, the resulting oilwas subjected to silica gel chromatography using effluent of 20-50%ethyl acetate and hexanes. The fractions containing product werecombined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (648 mg, 98%) as an off-white solid.

2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (222 mg) was dissolved in DMF (4 mL), and NaH (25mg) was added. The mixture was stirred over 20 min. and1-bromo-2-methoxy-ethane was added slowly, and then stirred for 2.5hours. The mixture was quenched with 3 mL of sat. NH₄Cl and was taken upin ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturatedsodium bicarbonate (1×50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. After thesolvent was removed, the resulting oil was subjected to silica gelchromatography using effluent of 20-60% ethyl acetate and hexanes. Thefractions containing product were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (209 mg, 85%) as a clear oil.

{1-[2[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: To2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (209 mg) in DCM (3 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxane(2.6 mL). The suspension was stirred for 16 hours then concentrated toafford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crude amine in DMF (3 mL)was added N-methylmorpholine (193 μL). After all material dissolved,2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (123 mg) and HATU (267 mg)were added. After stirring for 30 min. the reaction was purified by apreparative HPLC (10-60% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to affordthe title product (169 mg, 92%).

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]4H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A mixture of{1-[2[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (169 mg), bis(pinacolato)diboron (107 mg),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(24 mg) andpotassium acetate (95 mg) in 1.6 mL of dioxane was heated to 90° C. for1.5 hour.(1-{6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (170 mg) in 1 mL of dioxane and 2M tripotassiumphosphate (565 μl) were added and stirred at 90° C. for overnight. Themixture was purified by a preparative HPLC (10-60% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formicacid modifier) to afford the title product (119 mg, 41%). ¹H NMR(DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ: 8.20-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.68 (m, 6H), 7.60-7.55(m. 2H), 7.33-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.18 (m, 1H), 5.07 (m, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H),4.04-3.69 (m, 6H), 3.80-3.38 (m, 5H), 3.30 (m, 9H), 2.71 (m, 1H),2.40-1.90 (m, 5H), 0.90-0.79 (m, 12H), 0.70-0.54 (m, 4H); MS (ESI) m/z889.5 [M+H]⁺.

Example FO

2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to themethod employed to prepare2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example 1), substituting 2-chloro-pyrazine (50μl) for 1-bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (94 mg, 40%).

{1-[2[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare{1-[2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example 1), substituting2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (94 mg) for2-[4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (88 mg, 99%).

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example 1), substituting{1-[2[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (88 mg) for{1-[2[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (38 mg, 26%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 8.20-8.10(m, 3H), 7.90-7.68 (m, 8H), 7.60-7.55 (m. 2H), 7.33-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.68(m, 1H), 5.39 (m, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.69 (m, 6H), 3.80-3.38 (m,1H), 3.30 (m, 6H), 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.40-1.90 (m, 5H), 0.90-0.79 (m, 12H),0.70-0.54 (m, 4H); MS (ESI) m/z 910.5 [M+H]⁺.

Example FP

2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-phenyl-propionic acid:2-Amino-3-phenyl-propionic acid (1.65 g) was dissolved in 1 N NaOH (10mL), and Na₂CO₃ (530 mg) was added. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. andmethyl chloroformate was added slowly, and then stirred for overnight atroom temperature. The mixture was washed with DCM and acidified with 3mL of 2N HCl, and then was taken up in ether (200 mL). The organic phasewas dried over sodium sulfate. Removing the solvent to give2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-phenyl-propionic acid (1.95 g, 87%) as anoff-white solid.

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-phenyl-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

To2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg) in methanol (0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl indioxanes (0.5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crudeamine in DMF (2 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (30 μL). After allmaterial dissolved, 2-methoxy carbonylamino-3-phenyl-propionic acid (24mg) and HATU (42 mg) were added. After stirring for 30 min. the reactionwas purified by a preparative HPLC (10-60% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acidmodifier) to afford the title product (34 mg, 37%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400MHz) δ: 8.22-8.03 (m, 4H), 7.89-7.74 (m, 8H), 7.54-7.05 (m, 5H), 5.20(m, 2H), 4.63 (m, 1H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 4.15-3.88 (m, 4H),3.69-3.51 (m, 8H), 3.45-3.15 (m, 4H) 3.10 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.86(m, 1H), 2.45-2.04 (m, 7H), 1.00-0.88 (m, 6H); MS (ESI) m/z 837.4[M+H]⁺.

Example FQ

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-phenyl-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-phenyl-propionyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example 3), (33 mg, 36%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz)δ: 8.22-8.03 (m, 4H), 7.89-7.74 (m, 9H), 7.54-7.05 (m, 4H), 5.20 (m,2H), 4.63 (m, 1H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 4.15-3.88 (m, 4H),3.69-3.51 (m, 8H), 3.45-3.15 (m, 4H) 3.10 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.86(m, 1H), 2.45-1.97 (m, 5H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.00-0.88 (m,6H); MS (ESI) m/z 837.4 [M+H]⁺.

Example FR

4-Difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester: To4-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (500 mg) andCu(I)I (45 mg) in MeCN (8 mL) at 45° C. was added 242 μl ofdifluoro-fluorosulfonyl-acetic acid in 2 mL of MeCN dropwise for 60 min.The reaction mixture was stirred at 45° C. for 60 min. and evaporatedunder reduced pressure, and resulting residue was taken up in ethylacetate (100 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (1×100 mL) anddried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was removed, the resultingoil was subjected to silica gel chromatography using effluent of 10-50%ethyl acetate and hexanes. The fractions containing product werecombined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide4-Difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (339 mg, 61%)as a clear oil.

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl-4-difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to themethod employed to prepare2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (Example 1), substituting4-Difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (305 mg) for4-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (244 mg,83%).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl-4-difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methoxy-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl-4-difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (244 mg) in DCM (4 mL) was added 4N HCl indioxanes (1.3 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 hours then concentratedto afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crude amine in DMF(2.7 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (234 μL). After all materialdissolved, 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (103 mg) andHATU (263 mg) were added. After stirring for 60 min. the reaction wasevaporated under reduced pressure, and resulting residue was taken up inethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturatedsodium bicarbonate (1×100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. After thesolvent was removed, the resulting oil was subjected to silica gelchromatography using effluent of 80-100% ethyl acetate and hexanes. Thefractions containing product were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl-4-difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methoxy-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (166 mg, 61%) as a clear oil.

2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[4-Difluoromethoxy-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-bytyl ester: To(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl-4-difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methoxy-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (166 mg) and2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (237 mg) in DME (1.6 mL) were added Pd₂(dba)₃ (15mg), Xanphos (19 mg), and 2M K₃PO₄ (483 μl). After stirring forovernight at 80° C., the mixture was filtered and evaporated underreduced pressure, and resulting residue was subjected to silica gelchromatography using effluent of 10-15% MeOH and DCM. The fractionscontaining product were combined and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure to provide the title product (30 mg, 12%) as a clearfilm.

[1-(4-Difluoromethoxy-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl-4-difluoromethoxy-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methoxy-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example 5), substitutingmethoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid (30 mg) for2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (22 mg, 58%). ¹H NMR(MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 8.20-8.05 (m, 3H), 7.95-7.72 (m, 5H), 7.56-7.35(m. 8H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 6.71-6.35 (m, 1H), 5.55 (m, 1H), 5.30-5.20 (m,3H), 5.05-4.90 (m, 3H), 4.36 (m, HA), 4.20 (m, 1H), 4.12-3.82 (m, 2H),3.65 (m, 6H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.35-1.90 (m,2H), 0.98-0.85 (m, 6H); MS (ESI) m/z 889.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example FS

2-{2-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl}-thiazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

{1-[6-(4-{6-[4-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (395.0 mg, 0.581 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (4 mL) andHCl in dioxane (4M, 4 mL) was added and stirring at room temperature wascontinued. After 60 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thecrude material was used in the next step without further purification.The crude material was dissolved in DMF (2.0 mL) and DIEA (110.8 mg,0.860 mmol) was added. A solution of N-Boc (S) thiazolidine-2-carboxylicacid (100.0 mg, 0.430 mmol), HATU (163.0 mg, 0.430 mmol) and DIEA (55.4mg, 0.430 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred atroom temperature. After 20 minutes, the reaction was diluted with EtOAcand was washed with brine, sodium hydroxyl solution (1M), brine, and wasdried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuogave the crude material (350 mg), which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₃H₅₀N₆O₇S: 794.9 (M⁺). Found: 795.8 (M+H⁺).

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spirohept-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-thiazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

2-{2-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl}-thiazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (350 mg, 0.44 mmol) was dissolved in m-xylenes(3.0 mL) and heated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (400 mg, 9.07mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 45minutes, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and the volatileswere removed in vacuo. The crude reaction product was partitionedbetween chloroform and water. The organic layer was collected and driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and evaporation of solvents gave thecrude product. The crude material was purified via silica gelchromatography (eluent: EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product (151.3 mg,0.195 mmol).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₃H₄₉N₇O₅S: 775.9 (M⁺). Found: 776.8 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-thiazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (49.9 mg, 0.064 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.33mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.33 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and DIEA(24.6 mg, 0.191 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (11.2 mg, 0.064 mmol), HATU(24.1 mg, 0.064 mmol) and DIEA (8.2 mg, 0.064 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 18 hrs allvolatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude material, which was purifiedby RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) to yield the product (8.5 mg)as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₅₂N₈O₆S: 833.0 (M⁺). Found: 833.7 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.35-7.88 (m, 14H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 2H),6.36 (m, 1H), 5.28 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H) 4.16 (m, 1H),4.03-3.74 (m, 6H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.27 (m, 2H), 2.08 (m,2H), 0.90-0.76 (m, 12H) 0.65 (m, 4H) ppm.

Example FT

[1-(6-{4-[6-(4-{2-[3-(4-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-thiazolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-thiazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (49.9 mg, 0.064 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.33mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.33 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and DIEA(24.6 mg, 0.191 mmol) was added. A solution of (L)4-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (12.1 mg, 0.064 mmol),HATU (24.1 mg, 0.064 mmol) and DIEA (8.2 mg, 0.064 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL)was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 3 hrs allvolatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude material, which was purifiedby RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) to yield the product (21.3mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₅₂N₈O₇S: 849.0 (M⁺). Found: 849.7 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.37 (m, 2H), 8.20-8.14 (m, 2H), 8.06-7.88(m, 10H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.36 (m, 1H), 5.30 (dd, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.45(m, 1H) 4.06 (m, 1H), 4.06-3.69 (m, 6H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H),3.36 (m, 2H), 3.25 (m, 3H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 1H),0.90-0.76 (m, 6H) 0.65 (m, 4H) ppm.

Example FU

{1-[6-(4-{6-[4-(2-{3-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-(tetra-hydropyran-4-yl)-acetyl]-thiazolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-thiazolidine-3-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (49.9 mg, 0.064 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.33mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.33 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and DIEA(24.6 mg, 0.191 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetic acid (13.8 mg, 0.064mmol), HATU (24.1 mg, 0.064 mmol) and DIEA (8.2 mg, 0.064 mmol) in DMF(0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After18 hrs all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude material, whichwas purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) to yield theproduct (6.2 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₂N₈O₇S: 875.0 (M⁺). Found: 875.7 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) 8: ¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.31-7.89(m, 14H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 5.27 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H)4.03 (m, 1H), 4.06-3.69 (m, 6H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.28-2.95(m, 4H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.32 (m, 4H), 0.85-0.73 (m,6H) 0.65 (m, 4H) ppm.

Example FV

2-{2-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl}-4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

{1-[2-(4-{6-[4-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (61.0 mg, 0.095 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL) andHCl in dioxane (4M, 1 mL) was added and stirring at room temperature wascontinued. After 90 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thecrude material was used in the next step without further purification.The crude material was dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and DIEA (23.7 mg,0.183 mmol) was added. A solution of4-Phenyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (17.8 mg,0.061 mmol), HATU (23.3 mg, 0.061 mmol) and DIEA (7.9 mg, 0.061 mmol) inDMF (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature.After 20 minutes, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washedwith brine, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, brine, and was driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gavethe crude material (88 mg), which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₄N₆O₇: 826.9 (M⁺). Found: 827.7 (M+H⁺).

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

2-{2-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl}-4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (88 mg) was dissolved in m-xylenes (1.0 mL) andheated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (100 mg, 1.2 mmol) was addedand the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 180 minutes, the reactionwas cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removed in vacuo.The crude reaction product was partitioned between chloroform and water.The organic layer was collected and dried over sodium sulfate.Filtration and evaporation of solvents gave the crude product. The crudematerial was purified via silica gel chromatography (eluent:EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product (51.0 mg, 0.195 mmol).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₃N₇O₅: 807.9 (M⁺). Found: 808.4 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (51.0 mg, 0.063 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1.0mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 1.0 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 30 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and DIEA(24.3 mg, 0.190 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (11.1 mg, 0.063 mmol), HATU(24.0 mg, 0.063 mmol) and DIEA (8.1 mg, 0.063 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 60 minutes,the crude reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1 mL,2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) toyield the product (12.1 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₀H₅₆N₈O₆: 865.0 (M⁺). Found: 865.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.31-8.30 (d, J=3 Hz, 2H), 8.08 (d, J=6.6Hz, 2h), 7.98-7.86 (m, 10H), 7.34-7.21 (m, 7H), 5.28 (dd, J=6.0/2.7 Hz,1H), 5.10 (dd, J=6.0/5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (m, 1H) 4.11 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m,1H) 3.85-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 2.27 (m, 2H),2.14-2.09 (m, 7H), 0.89-0.72 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example FW

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-phenyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (88 .mg, 0.107 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1.0 mL)and HCl in dioxane (4M, 1.0 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 40 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.4 mL) and DIEA(40.8 mg, 0.321 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (18.7 mg, 0.107 mmol), HATU(40.6 mg, 0.107 mmol) and DIEA (13.6 mg, 0.107 mmol) in DMF (0.4 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 20 minutes,the crude reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1 mL,2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) toyield the product (38.7 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₀H₅₆N₈O₆: 865.0 (M⁺). Found: 865.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.37-8.35 (m, 2H), 8.16-7.91 (m, 12H),7.47-7.28 (m, 7H), 5.24 (dd, J=7.8/5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (dd, J=4.8/4.8 Hz,1H), 4.44 (dd, J=6.3/6.3 Hz, 1H) 4.16-4.09 (m, 2H) 3.85-3.80 (m, 3H),3.57 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.78 (m, 1H), 2.30-1.96 (m, 8H), 0.90-0.75(m, 12H) ppm.

Example FX

[1-(4-Benzyl-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

4-Benzyl-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (58.0 mg, 0.071 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1.0mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 1.0 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 30 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and DIEA(27.3 mg, 0.211 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (12.3 mg, 0.071 mmol), HATU(26.8 mg, 0.071 mmol) and DIEA (9.1 mg, 0.071 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 30 minutes,the crude reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1 mL,2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) toyield the product (25.1 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₁H₅₇N₈O₆: 878.0 (M⁺). Found: 879.6 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.36 (s, 2H), 8.16-7.89 (m, 12H),7.38-7.19 (m, 7H), 5.29 (dd, J=5.7/3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (dd, J=5.1/5.1 Hz,1H), 4.18-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H),3.52 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.01 (m,7H), 0.91-0.77 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example FY

4,8-Dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacene:

1,5-Dithia-s-indacene-4,8-dione (2.0 g, 9.17 mmol) was added to a methylmagnesium chloride solution (60 mmol) in THF (80 mL) [Org. Lett., 2008,10:4421-4424]. The reaction mixture was heated at 55° C. (oil bath).After 14 hrs, a solution of tin(II) chloride (10 g) in aqueous HCl (2M,50 mL) was added carefully and the heating was continued for 4additional hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and theTHF was removed in vacuo. The crude mixture was partitioned betweenchloroform and brine. The resultant thick suspension was filtered andthe solid was discarded. The organic layer was dried over sodiumsulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gave the crudematerial, which was via silica gel chromatography (eluent:EtOAc/hexanes) to yield the product (355.0 mg, 1.63 mmol).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 7.49 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=4.2 Hz,2H), 2.81 (s, 6H)ppm.

2-Chloro-1-[6-(2-chloro-acetyl)-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl]-ethanone:4,8-Dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacene (61.0 mg, 0.095 mmol) was dissolvedin THF (9 mL) and was cooled to −78° C. A solution of n-BuLi (1.6 Mhexanes, 0.946 mL) was added and stirring at −78° C. was continued for90 minutes. To the resultant suspension was added a solution ofN-Methyl, N-Methoxy-2-chloroacetate (209 mg, 1.51 mmol) in THF (1 mL).Stirring at −78° C. was continued for 45 minutes. The reaction wasquenched with ammonium chloride solution and methanol and was warmed toroom temperature. The bright yellow solid was collected and used in thenext step without further purification.

1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-carbamic acid tert. butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester

2-Chloro-1-[6-(2-chloro-acetyl)-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl]-ethanone(crude solid from previous step)) was combined and with (L)-N-BocProline carboxylic acid (324 mg, 1.51 mmol), potassium carbonate (304mg, 2.2 mmol), sodium iodide (21.6 mg) and was heated in acetone (10 mL)at −78° C. After 120 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thereaction was diluted with chloroform and was washed with brine,saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, brine, and was dried over sodiumsulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gave the crudematerial (580 mg, 0.797 mmol), which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

The crude product from the previous step (580.1 mg, 0.797 mol) wasdissolved in m-xylenes (7.0 mL) and heated at 140° C. Solid ammoniumacetate (500 mg, 6.41 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at140° C. After 240 minutes, the reaction was cooled to room temperatureand the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude reaction product waspartitioned between chloroform and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.The organic layer was collected, washed with brine and dried over sodiumsulfate. Filtration and evaporation of solvents gave the crude product(303.0 mg, 0.440 mmol).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₆H₄₄N₆O₄S₂: 688.9 (M⁺). Found: 688.3 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-carbamic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (51.0 mg, 0.073 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.67mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.67 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.8 mL) and DIEA(37.6 mg, 0.292 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (25.5 mg, 0.146 mmol), HATU(55.5 mg, 0.146 mmol) and DIEA (18.8 mg, 0.146 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 30 minutes,the reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL, 2 M)and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) to yield theproduct (5.1 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₀H₅₀N₈O₆S₂: 803.0 (M⁺). Found: 803.2 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.88 (s, 4H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 5.10 (m, 2H),4.12 (dd, J=8.1 /8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (m, 41-1) 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.73 (s, 6H),2.27 (m, 2H), 2.14-1.98 (m, 8H), 0.89-0.80 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example FZ

(2-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-carbamic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (51.0 mg, 0.073 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.67mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.67 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.8 mL) and DIEA(37.6 mg, 0.292 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(D)methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetic acid (30.5 mg, 0.146 mmol), HATU(55.5 mg, 0.146 mmol) and DIEA (18.8 mg, 0.146 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 30 minutes,the reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL, 2 M)and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) to yield theproduct (6.7 mg) as a mixture of isomers and in the form of the TFAsalt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₀H₅₀N₈O₆S₂: 871.0 (M⁺). Found: 871.7 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.95-7.66 (m, 6H), 7.40-7.34 (m, 8H), 7.06(m, 2H), 5.51 (m, 2H), 5.13 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.54 and 3.52 (2×s,6H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 6H), 2.19-1.98 (m, 8H) ppm.

Example GA

(2-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-tetrahydropyranyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-tetrahydropyranyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-carbamic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (51.0 mg, 0.073 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.67mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.67 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.8 mL) and DIEA(37.6 mg, 0.292 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-2-(4-tetrahydropyranyl)-acetic acid (31.6 mg, 0.146mmol), HATU (55.5 mg, 0.146 mmol) and DIEA (18.8 mg, 0.146 mmol) in DMF(0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After20 minutes, the reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid(0.2 mL, 2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1%TFA) to yield the product (8.1 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄H₅₄N₈O₈S₂: 887.0 (M⁺). Found: 887.9 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.81 (s, 4H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 5.08 (m, 2H),4.18 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 8H) 3.53 (s, 6H), 3.22 (m, 4H), 2.72 (s, 6H),2.27 (m, 2H), 2.14-1.98 (m, 8H), 1.58-1.25 (m, 81-1) ppm.

Example GB

(1-{2-[5-(4,8-Dimethoxy-6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-carbamic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethoxy-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (49.3 mg, 0.070 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.67mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.67 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.8 mL) and DIEA(36.0 mg, 0.280 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (24.5 mg, 0.140 mmol), HATU(53.2 mg, 0.140 mmol) and DIEA (18.0 mg, 0.140 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 45 minutes,the crude reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL,2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) toyield the product (5.1 mg) as a TFA salt. [The required startingmaterial for the modified sequence was described in Org. Lett., 2008,10:4421-4424.]

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₀H₅₀N₈O₈S₂: 835.0 (M⁺). Found: 835.2 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.95 (s, 2H), 7.85 (s, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 5.09 (dd, J=4.8/4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.10-4.07 (m, 8H), 3.82 (m, 4H)3.57 (s, 6H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.15-1.96 (m, 8H), 0.87-0.80 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example GC

(2-{2-[5-(4,8-Dimethoxy-6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-carbamic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethoxy-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (49.3 mg, 0.070 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.67mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.67 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.8 mL) and DIEA(36.0 mg, 0.280 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(D)methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetic acid (29.3 mg, 0.140 mmol), HATU(53.2 mg, 0.140 mmol) and DIEA (18.0 mg, 0.140 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 45 minutes,the crude reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL,2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA) toyield the product (6.7 mg) as a mixture of isomers and in the form ofthe TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₀H₅₀N₈O₆S₂: 871.0 (M⁺). Found: 871.7 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.01-7.67 (m, 6H), 7.39-7.35 (m, 8H), 7.06(m, 2H), 5.51 (m, 2H), 5.13 (m, 2H), 4.13 (s, 6H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.54and 3.52 (2×s, 6H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.19-1.87 (m, 8H) ppm.

Example GD

(2-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-tetrahydropyranyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-tetrahydropyranyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-carbamic acid tert-butylester-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethoxy-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (49.3 mg, 0.070 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.67mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.67 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.8 mL) and DIEA(36.0 mg, 0.280 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-2-(4-tetrahydropyranyl)-acetic acid (30.4 mg, 0.140mmol), HATU (53.2 mg, 0.140 mmol) and DIEA (18.0 mg, 0.140 mmol) in DMF(0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After20 minutes, the reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid(0.2 mL, 2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1%TFA) to yield the product (8.1 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₄N₈O₈S₂: 919.0 (M⁺). Found: 919.6 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.86 (s, 2H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.39 (m, 2H),5.07 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 6H), 3.84 (m, 8H), 3.53 (s, 6H),3.21 (m, 4H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.15-1.92 (m, 8H), 1.64-1.27 (m, 8H) ppm.

Example GE

(2-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

(2-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-4,8-dimethyl-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following method used for(2-{2-[5-(4,8-Dimethoxy-6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-1,5-dithia-s-indacen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester substituting L-thiazolidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-tert-butyl ester for L-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butylester.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₄₂N₈O₈S₄: 938.2 (M⁺) found: 939.1 (M+H⁺)

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.85-7.63 (m 2H), 7.46-7.29 (m 10H),7.08-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.31 (m, 2H), 5.60 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.24 (m 2H),4.13 (s, 6H), 4.06-3.76 (m 2H), 3.54 (m, 6H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m,2H).

Example GF

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-oxo-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

(1-{8-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1,4-dioxa-7-aza-spiro[4.4]nonane-7-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (230.0 mg, 0.453 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (10mL) and water (0.2 mL) and p-TsOH.H2O (53 mg, 0.278 mmol) were added.The reaction was heated at 60° C. for 20 hours, after which additionalp-TsOH.H₂O (53 mg, 0.278 mmol) was added heating at 60° C. wascontinued. After three days, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thecrude material was taken into EtOAc and was washed with aqueous sodiumbicarbonate solution and dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration andevaporation of solvents in vacuo gives the crude product. The crudematerial was purified via silica gel chromatography (eluent: EtOAccontaining 10% MeOH/hexanes) to yield the product (93.9 mg, 0.202 mmol).LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₀H₂₃BrN₄O₄: 463.3 (M⁺). Found: 463.6 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.64 (m, 5H), 7.49 (d, J=6.5Hz, 1H), 5.56 (dd, J=7.5/3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (m, 2H), 3.91 (dd, J=6.3/6.3Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.20 (dd, J=14.4/7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.82 (br-d, J=14.4Hz, 1H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 0.78 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 3H), 0.71 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H)ppm.

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-oxo-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-oxo-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (46.0 mg, 0.1 mmol),[2-Methyl-1-(2-{4-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (54 mg, 0.1 mmol), and Pd[PPh₃]₄ (11.5 mg, 0.01 mmol)were dissolved in DME (2 mL) under an atmosphere of argon. Saturated,aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (0.3 mL) was added and the reactionwas heated under microwave conditions at 120° C. for 20 minutes. Thesolids were discarded and the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crudereaction mixture was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water/MeCN w/0.1% TFA)to yield the product (4.0 mg) as a TFA salt.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄H₅₀N₈O₇: 802.9 (M⁺). Found: 803.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.32 (m, 2H), 8.12-7.84 (m, 10H), 7.52 (d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.61 (m, 1H), 5.14 (m, 1H), 4.39(m, 2H), 4.12 (dd, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (dd, J=8.4/8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (m,2H), 3.54 (2×s, 6H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.90 (m, 6H),0.86-0.74 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example GG

1-[2-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

[1-(2-{-4-[4′-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (107.0 mg, 0.177 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL) andHCl in dioxane (4M, 1 mL) was added and stirring at room temperature wascontinued. After 45 minutes, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thecrude material was used in the next step without further purification.The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.6 mL) and DIEA (68.4 mg,0.531 mmol) was added. A solution of racemic1,3-dihydro-isoindole-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester (46.6 mg,0.177 mmol), HATU (67.3 mg, 0.177 mmol) and DIEA (22.8 mg, 0.177 mmol)in DMF (0.4 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature.After 15 minutes, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc and was washedwith brine, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, brine, and was driedover sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvents in vacuo gavethe crude material (147.8 mg), which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₄₈N₆O₇: 748.8 (M⁺). Found: 749.2 (M+H⁺).

1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

1-[2-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (147.8 mg) was taken into m-xylenes (2.0 mL) andheated at 135° C. Solid ammonium acetate (120 mg, 1.5 mmol) was addedand the reaction was stirred at 135° C. After 180 minutes, the reactionwas cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removed in vacuo.The crude reaction product was partitioned between EtOAc and water. Theorganic layer was collected and dried over sodium sulfate. Filtrationand evaporation of solvents gave the crude product (142 mg).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₄₇N₇O₅: 729.8 (M⁺). Found: 730.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 8.07 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.85 (m, 8H), 7.49-7.27(m, 5H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.12 (dd, J=6.9/6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.95-4.70 (m, 2H),4.11 (dd, J=7.5/7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.41 (m, 1H),2.13-1.95 (m, 4H), 1.45 and 1.22 (2×s, 9H), 0.88-0.78 (m, 6H) ppm.

(1-{1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

1-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (71.0 mg, 0.086 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1.0mL) and HCl in dioxane (4M, 0.5 mL) was added and stirring at roomtemperature was continued. After 5 minutes, all volatiles were removedin vacuo. The crude material was used in the next step without furtherpurification. The crude material was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and DIEA(30.9 mg, 0.24 mmol) was added. A solution of 2-(L)methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (14.0 mg, 0.080 mmol), HATU(30.4 mg, 0.08 mmol) and DIEA (10.3 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMF (0.4 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 120 minutes,the crude reaction was quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1 mL,2 M) and was purified by RP-HPLC (eluent: water /MeCN w/0.1% TFA) toyield the two diastereomeric products (1.5 mg and 2.4 mg) as TFA salts.

Compound A (Faster Eluding Material on RP-HPLC)

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄H₅₀N₈O₆: 786.9 (M⁺). Found: 787.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d₆) δ: 7.90-7.75 (m, 10H), 7.50-7.27 (m, 6H),6.42 (m, 1H), 5.39-5.21 (m, 2H), 5.09 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.81(m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 6H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.95 (m, 5H), 0.91-0.79 (m,12H) ppm.

Compound B (Later Eluding Material on RP-HPLC)

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₄H₅₀N₈O₆: 786.9 (M⁺). Found: 787.4 (M+H⁺).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (dmso-d_(o)) δ: 7.80-7.58 (m, 10H), 7.40-7.13 (m, 6H),6.29 (m, 1H), 5.09-4.70 (m, 3H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.65 (m,2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.82 (m, 5H),0.75-0.59 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example GH

(S)-2-benzyl 1-tert-butyl 4-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate

To a stirring solution of a mixture of(S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (2.85 g,12.43 mmol) and potassium carbonate (4.33 g, 24.87 mmol) in anhydrousN,N-dimethylformamide (60 mL) was added benzyl bromide (4.25 g, 24.87mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.

The resulting crude mixture was diluted with ethylacetate and theorganic layer was washed with 10% sodium carbonate and brine. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and volatiles were removedin-vacuo. The residue was purified on normal phase column to yield 2.82g (71%) of desired product.

(S)-benzyl 4-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate hydrochloride

To a stirring solution of (S)-2-benzyl 1-tert-butyl4-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (2.82 g, 8.8 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (44 mL) was added 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (9.3 mL) at roomtemperature. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature.The product was then three times with toluene on rotovap to dryness toremove all the excess acid and further dried on a high vacuum overnightand used as is in the next step. Quantitative yield.

(S)-benzyl1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-4-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

Following the procedure used to prepare compound (S)-benzyl1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-4-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate,except that (S)-benzyl 4-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate and(S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid were used instead of2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester and3-[5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester.

(S)-benzyl7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-8-carboxylate

(S)-benzyl1-(S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-4-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate(2.45 g, 6.51 mmol) in a round bottom flask was dissolved in anhydroustoluene (200 mL) and p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydride (124 mg, 0.1mmol) and ethylene glycol (808 mg, 13.02 mmol) were added and themixture was refluxed for 18 hours, removing the generated byproductwater with a Dean-Stark apparatus. The crude mixture was then dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed, respectively, with 10% citric acid,saturated ammonium chloride, 10% sodium carbonate and finally withbrine. The organic layers were combined and dried over sodium sulfateand concentrated down on rotovap. The crude residue was then purified onnormal phase column chromatography with 5% MeOH/DCM. (2.3 g, 84%)

(S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-8-carboxylicacid

(S)-benzyl7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-8-carboxylate(2.3 g, 5.47 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl alcohol (55 mL) and underArgon charged with 10% Pd/C in a round bottom flask. The flask was thensealed with a rubber septa and the air was removed by vacuum andreplaced with H2 from a balloon. This process repeated three times andthe mixture was stirred under H2 atmosphere for 18 hours. The resultingmixture was then passed through a elite plug and concentrated down onrotovap to yield 1.76 g, 98% desired product.

(S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxoethyl7-(S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-8-carboxylate

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxoethyl5-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-6-carboxylate(2.07 g, 74%)

Methyl(S)-1-((S)-8-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to preparemethyl(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate(1.64 g, 82.2%)

(S)-1-(S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl-carbamicacid methyl ester

Methyl(S)-1-((S)-8-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate(200 mg, 0.39 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (130 mg, 0.51 mmol),potassium acetate (116 mg, 1.18 mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (29 mg, 0.039mmol) were all weighed out in a glass pressure vessel and anhydrous1,4-Dioxane (2 mL) was added. The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen gasfor about 5 min. The vessel was then capped and sealed and heated in anoil bath at 90° C. overnight with continuous stirring.

The reaction vessel was cooled down to room temperature and methyl(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate(215 mg, 0.41 mmol), 2M K₂CO₃, and Pd(PPh3)₄ (46 mg, 0.04 mmol) were alladded along with 2 mL of DMSO and the mixture was bubbled with nitrogengas for 5 minutes. The vessel, again, was capped, sealed and placed inan oil bath at 100° C. for 4 hours.

The resulting crude mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed,respectively, with brine, 10% Na₂CO₃, 10% citric acid, saturatedsolution of NH₄Cl, and brine. The organic layer was then dried overNa₂SO₄ and the volatiles were removed on rotovap. The residue was firstpurified on normal phase chromatography and then on prep HPLC. Yield=205mg (60%). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ 8.18-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.6 (m,8H), 7.82-7.22 (m, 3H), 5.47-5.34 (m, 4H), 4.33-4.26 (m, Hi), 4.08-4.03(m, 4H), 3.94-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.69 (m, 8H), 3.22 (brs, 1H), 2.96-2.94(m, 1H), 2.49-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.99 (brs, 1H), 1.08-1.04(m, 2H), 0.94-0.79 (m, 12H), 0.71 (m, 4H). MS (ESI) m/z 873.79 [M+H]⁺.

Example GI

(S)-benzyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-hydroxybutanoate

N-t-Boc-L-homoserine (5.14 g, 23.45 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate(2.46 g, 24.6 mmol) was weighed out in a round bottom flask and to itwas added anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) and benzyl bromide(4.2 g, 24.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18hours. The crude mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed,respectively, with brine, saturated NaHCO₃ and brine, and dried overNa₂SO₄. The organic layer was then concentrated down on rotovap andpurified on normal phase column chromatography. Yield=7.27 g (100%).

(S)-benzyl 4-(benzo[d][1,3]dithiol-2-yloxy)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino) butanoate

(S)-Benzyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-hydroxybutanoate (5.76 g,18.62 mmol) and 1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylium tetrafluoroborate (4.69 g,19.55 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (186 mL) and pyridine(4.42 g, 55.86 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixture wasstirred overnight. Upon completion of the reaction, it was quenched withtriethylamine (11.5 g, 113.5 mmol) and diluted with dichloromethane. Theorganic layer was then washed with saturated NaHCO₃ and brine. Theorganic layer was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated down in vacuo. Theresidue was then purified on normal phase column to obtain a clear oil.7.6 g (88%).

(S)-Benzyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-(difluoromethoxy)butanoate

N-Iodosuccinimide (783 mg, 3.48 mmol) was suspended in anhydrousdichloromethane (10 mL) and at −35° C. was slowly added HF.pyridine (70%HF) (50 μl, 1.91 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 5-10 min. At thistemperature was then dropwise added a solution of (S)-benzyl4-(benzo[d][1,3]dithiol-2-yloxy)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl amino) butanoate(400 mg, 0.87 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL). The reaction content wasthen stirred for 1 hour at −35° C. and 1 hour at room temperature.

To the reaction mixture was added ice-cold saturated NaHCO₃ andextracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with asaturated solution of sodium thiosulfate and washed with brine and driedover sodium sulfate. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residuewas purified on normal phase column. 161 mg (52%).

(S)-benzyl 2-amino-4-(difluoromethoxy)butanoate

(S)-benzyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-(difluoromethoxy)butanoate(161 mg, 0.448 mmol) was stirred in 30% TFA in dichloromethane (5 mL)for 1 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated down on rotovap andredissolved and concentrated down with toluene three times, and finallythe residue was dried on high vacuum pump. The desired product was usedas-is in the next step.

(S)-benzyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoate

(S)-Benzyl 2-amino-4-(difluoromethoxy)butanoate (116 mg, 0.448 mmol) wasdissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (2.5 mL) and cooled down to 0° C.and TEA (181 mg, 1.79 mmol) and methylchloroformate (51 mg, 0.538 mmol)were added respectively. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and thenit was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting productmixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ and extracted withdichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with saturated NH₄Clsolution and brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The volatiles were removed invacuo to afford 56 mg (40%) of desired product after columnpurification.

(S)-4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid

(S)-Benzyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoate (56 mg,0.176 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl alcohol (3.5 mL) and under Argoncharged with 10% Pd/C (19 mg). The flask was sealed with a rubber septaand the air atmosphere was replaced with H₂ from a balloon by applyingvacuum and then releasing H₂ and repeating this three times. The mixturewas stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. Upon completion, the crudemixture was passed through a Elite plug, concentrated down on rotovapand used as-is in the next step. 40 mg (100%).

(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Methyl(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamatetetrahydrochloride (66 mg, 0.096 mmol),(S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid (20 mg,0.088 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (24 mg, and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) (17 mg,0.125 mmol) were all weighed out in a flask and anhydrousN,N-dimethylformamide (1 mL) was added. The mixture was cooled down inan ice bath to 0° C. and N-methylmorpholine (NMM) (58 mg, 0.576 mmol)was added from a syringe to the mixture. The reaction content wasstirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The resulting mixture was thendirectly purified on reverse phase prep. HPLC. 37 mg, (43%). ¹H-NMR: 400MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.66 (m, 10H),7.38 (s, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (t, J=75.6 Hz,1H), 5.32 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 6.66-6.25 (m, 1H), 4.51 (s,1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.63 (s, 6H), 3.50-3.46 (m, 1H),2.70 (brs, 1H), 2.39-1.78 (m, 7H), 1.71-1.40 (m, 2H), 0.99-0.90 (m, 5H),0.82-0.60 (m, 4H). MS (ESI) m/z 894.16 [M+H]⁺.

Example GJ

(S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.03 (m,1H), 7.91-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.71 (m, 6H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H),6.97 (m, 1H), 6.56 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.35 (m, 1H), 4.83 (m, 1H),4.71 (s, 1H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.44-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.93 (brs, 2H), 3.82 (m,2H), 3.76-3.66 (m, 5H), 3.51-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.25(m, 1H), 2.17-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.07-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.73-1.57 (m, 2H),1.03-0.9 (m, 4H), 0.77-0.57 (m, 4H). MS (ESI) m/z 894.00 [M+H]⁺.

Example GK

(S)-Tert-butyl2-(5-(4′-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl-carbamicacid methyl ester, except instead of methyl(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamateand methyl(S)-1-((S)-8-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate,methyl(S)-1-((S)-8-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate(600 mg, 1.182 mmol) and (S)-tert-butyl2-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (510 mg,1.3 mmol). The amount for all the other reagents were adjustedaccordingly. 489 mg (56%).

Methyl(S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-((S)-8-(5-(4′-(2-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)butan-2-ylcarbamate

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-benzyl 2-amino-4-(difluoromethoxy)butanoate, except it was freebasedas follows: The volatiles were removed and the residue was taken up inEtOAc and washed with water to get the desired product in aqueous layer.The organic layer was again washed with some more water and the aqueouslayers were combined and basified with 50% NaOH solution to adjust thepH to 9. The desired product was then back-extracted into EtOAc layerand the aqueous layer was extracted three times with EtOAc. The organicphase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated down on rotovap to afford290 mg (69%) of desired compound as free base.

(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(4′-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 7.80 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.74-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.62 (m, 5H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.02 (t, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 5.24 (m, 2H), 4.25 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),4.11-3.85 (m, 8H), 3.66 (s, 5H), 3.50-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.44 (m, 2H),2.36-2.17 (m, 3H), 2.09-1.99 (m, 3H), 1.01-0.86 (m, 12H). MS (ESI) m/z797.84 [M+H]⁺.

Example GL

(S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-1-((S)-2-(5-(4′-(2-(S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester.

¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 7.69 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.57 (m, 4H),7.56-7.52 (m, 5H), 7.28-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (m,2H), 4.62 (m, 1H), 4.24 (m, 11H), 3.64 (s, 5H), 2.54-2.43 (m, 2H),2.36-1.81 (m, 8H), 099-0.84 (m, 6H). MS (ESI) m/z 849.76 [M+H]⁺.

Example GM

(S)-2-((S)-2-(5-(4′-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(Methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare1-{2-[5-(9-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.63-7.50 (m, 8H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 2H), 5.13-5.05 (m, 2H), 4.22 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 4.07 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.80 (m, 10H), 3.56 (s, 5H), 3.36(s, 1H), 3.29-3.18 (m, 3H), 2.46-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.07 (m, 3H),1.99-1.87 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.19 (m, 5H), 0.85-0.76 (m, 6H). MS (ESI) m/z839.84 [M+H]⁺.

Example GN

(S)-1-((S)-8-(5-(4′-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-tert-butyl2-(5-(4′-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate.¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 7.78 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.69 (m, 4H),7.65-7.61 (m, 5H), 5.23 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.10(m, 14H), 3.65 (s, 5H), 3.46 (s, 1H), 2.65 (s, 1H), 2.55-2.44 (m, 4H),2.04-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.00 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.95-0.85 (m, 12H). MS (ESI)m/z 855.80 [M+H]⁺.

Example GO

(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((S)-1-((S)-4-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 8.00-7.98 (m, 1H),7.91-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.55 (m, 8H), 7.37-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.49 (t, J=75.6Hz, 1H), 5.25-5.20 (m, 1H), 5.14 (m, 1H), 4.57 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.01 (m,1H), 3.89-3.81 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.58 (s, 5H), 3.42-3.39 (m,1H), 2.33-1.77 (m, 9H), 0.94-0.83 (m, 6H), 0.72-0.52 (m, 4H). MS (ESI)m/z 867.86 [M+H]⁺.

Example GP and GQ

Mixture of methyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylateand methyl 4-(3-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylate:

A solution of methyl 4-bromobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylate (1 g,4.05 mmol) in anhydrous bromobenzene (6.75 mL) was added dropwise to anice-water cooled suspension of aluminum chloride (2.16 g, 16.2 mmol) inbromobenzene (3.25 mL) under nitrogen. The resulting reaction mixturewas allowed to stir in the ice bath for 30 min and then at ambienttemperature overnight. The mixture was cautiously poured onto ice (100g) and concentrated HCl (3.3 mL) and the mixture was extracted intoether (4 100 mL). The ether extracts were combined, washed with brine(100 mL), separated, and dried over MgSO4 to leave a-brown solid.Purification by silica chromatography (5% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave amixture of para- and meta substituted derivatives. (970 mg, 74%). (For amore detailed procedure see J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52, 6, 1563).

Mixture of 4-(4-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid and4-(3-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid:

A mixture of the title compounds were prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare(1-{3-Acetyl-5-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-imidazolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. (638 mg, 94%)

Mixture of 2-bromo-1-(4-(4-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)ethanoneand 2-bromo-1-(4-(3-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)ethanone:

A mixture of the title compounds were prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare2-Bromo-1-{4-[3-(2-bromo-acetyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone. (290 mg,43%)

Mixture of(S)-2-(2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)1-tert-butyl pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate and(S)-2-(2-(4-(3-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)1-tert-butyl pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate

A mixture of the title compounds were prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare 2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid3-(2-{9-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]oxepin-3-yl}-2-oxo-ethyl)ester 2-tert-butyl ester. (365 mg, 94%).

Mixture of (S)-tert-butyl2-(5-(4-(4-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylateand (S)-tert-butyl2-(5-(4-(3-bromophenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of the title compounds were prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare methyl(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate.(298 mg, 85%).

Mixture of (S)-tert-butyl2-(5-(4-(4-(2-((S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylateand (S)-tert-butyl2-(5-(3-(4-(2-((S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of the title compounds were prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare (S)-tert-butyl2-(5-(4′-(2-((S)-7-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl(biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate.(287 mg, 73%).

Mixture of2-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-5-(4-(4-(2-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazoletetrahydrochloride and2-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-5-(3-(4-(2-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazoletetrahydrochloride

A mixture of the title compounds were prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare (S)-benzyl 4-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylatehydrochloride.

(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(4-(4-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester and separated from(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(4-(3-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester by prep HPLC. (41 mg, 23%) ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ7.63 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.01-6.95 (m, 1H), 5.17-5.11 (m, 2H),4.24-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.64 (s, 5H),3.54-3.48 (m, 1H), 2.34-1.96 (m, 10H), 1.91 (brs, 12H), 1.01-0.88 (m,12H). MS (ESI) m/z 772.56 [M+H]⁺.

(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(4-(3-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester and separated from(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(4-(4-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester by prep HPLC. (54 mg, 30%). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ7.66 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.21 (m, 3H), 7.01-6.95 (m,1H), 5.17-5.11 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.81(m, 2H), 3.64 (s, 5H), 3.57-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.34-1.88 (m, 22H), 1.02-0.89(m, 12H). MS (ESI) m/z 772.96 [M+H]⁺.

Example GR

(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(6-(4-(2-((2S,5R)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)propanoyl)-5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Title compound was prepared according to the method employed to prepare(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester.

¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.77 (m,8H), 7.50-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.36-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.17-6.99 (m, 2H), 5.49-5.36(m, 2H), 5.23 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.04-3.99 (m, 1H),3.93-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.70 (s, 1H), 3.66 (s, 4H), 2.68-2.48 (m, 2H),2.39-2.20 (m, 4H), 2.11-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.39 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.04-0.96(m, 4H), 0.93 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 0.70 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z837.92 [M+H]⁺.

Example GS

Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-phenyl-acetic acid: To hydroxyl-phenyl-acetic acidmethyl ester (500 mg) in THF (10 mL) were added dimethylcarbamoylchloride (304 μl), TEA (503 μl), and DMAP (37 mg). After stirring forovernight at room temperature, the mixture was taken up in ethyl acetate(150 mL). The organic phase was washed with 1 N HCl (1×100 mL) andsaturated sodium bicarbonate (1×100 mL), and dried over sodium sulfate.After the solvent was removed, the resulting solid was dissolved in THF(6 mL). To the solution was added 2 M LiOH (3 mL). After stirring for 90min. at room temperature, the reaction mixture was acidified with 2 NHCl (3.2 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). Theorganic phase was dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide dimethylcarbamoyloxy-phenyl-aceticacid (561 mg, 83%) as an off-white solid.

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg) in methanol (0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl indioxanes (0.5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours then concentratedto afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crude amine in DMF (1mL) was added DIEA (14 μl). After all material dissolved,dimethylcarbamoyloxy-phenyl-acetic acid (12 mg) and(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy)dimethylamino-morpholino-carbeniumhexafluorophosphate (COMU, 23 mg) were added. After stirring for 30 min.the reaction was purified by a preparative HPLC (10-60% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1%formic acid modifier) to afford the title product (22 mg, 48%). ¹H

NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) δ: 8.22-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.69 (m, 9H),7.56-7.44 (m, 6H), 6.08-5.92 (d, 1H), 5.27-5.20 (m, 2H), 4.28-4.24 (m,1H), 4.13-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.38 (m,2H), 2.92-2.90 (m, 6H), 2.47-1.96 (m, 10H), 1.05-0.91 (m, 6H); MS (ESI)m/z 837.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example GT

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (Example 6), (20 mg, 43%). ¹H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz)δ: 8.21-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.93-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.81-7.68 (m, 5H), 7.53-7.41(m, 7H), 6.10-5.78 (d, 1H), 5.28-5.21 (m, 2H), 4.28-4.26 (m, 1H),4.03-3.81 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 6H),2.42-1.90 (m, 10H), 1.01-0.89 (m, 6H); MS (ESI) m/z 837.5 [M+H]⁺.

Example GU

4-Cyano-2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:[2-Methyl-1-(6-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (997 mg, 1.91 mmol),2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, Pd(PPh₃)₄ (184 mg, 0.159 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (2 M inH₂O, 1.9 mL, 3.8 mmol) were combined in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (16 mL). Thereaction mixture was degassed with bubbling N₂ for 10 minutes thenheated to reflux for 3.5 h. After heating, the reaction mixture wascooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc and washed with H₂O and brine. Theorganic phase was dried over MgSO₄, then filtered and concentrated. Theresulting residue was purified with silica column chromatography 0% to100% (10% MeOH/DCM)/EtOAc to afford the title compound (641 mg, 51%).

(1-{6-[5-(4-{6-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester-tris-hydrochloride:4-Cyano-2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (639 mg, 0.816 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (8 mL)and 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (2 mL, 8 mmol) was added. After stirring for 37min, the solid was filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc, affording thetitle compound (597 mg, 92%).

[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[4-Cyano-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (40 mg,0.227 mmol) EDC-HCl (44 mg, 0.227 mmol) and HOBt (32 mg, 0.237 mmol)were combined in DMF (2 mL) and stirred for 20 min at RT.(1-{6-[5-(4-{6-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester-tris-hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.189 mg) was added, thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and NMM (0.104 mL, 0.947 mmol) wasadded dropwise. After 1.5 h, the reaction mixture was warmed to RT. 30min later, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with NaHCO₃,then 1:1 brine/5M NaOH. The organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, thenfiltered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by HPLC toafford the title compound (18 mg, 11%). MS (ESI) m/z 840 [M+H]⁺.

Example GV

[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[4-Cyano-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (37 mg, 0.227mmol) EDC-HCl (44 mg, 0.227 mmol) and HOBt (32 mg, 0.237 mmol) werecombined in DMF (2 mL) and stirred for 20 min at RT.(1-{6-[5-(4-{6-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester-tris-hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.189 mg) was added, thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and NMM (0.104 mL, 0.947 mmol) wasadded dropwise. After 1.5 h, the reaction mixture was warmed to RT. 30min later, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with NaHCO₃,then 1:1 brine/5M NaOH. The organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, thenfiltered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by HPLC toafford the title compound (85 mg, 54%). MS (ESI) m/z 826 [M+H]⁺.

Example GW

[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3,3-dimethyl-butyric acid (37mg, 0.227 mmol) EDC-HCl (44 mg, 0.227 mmol) and HOBt (32 mg, 0.237 mmol)were combined in DMF (2 mL) and stirred for 20 min at RT.(1-{6-[5-(4-{6-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester-tris-hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.189 mg) was added, thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and NMM (0.104 mL, 0.947 mmol) wasadded dropwise. After 1.5 h, the reaction mixture was warmed to RT. 30min later, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with NaHCO₃,then 1:1 brine/5M NaOH. The organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, thenfiltered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by HPLC toafford the title compound (77 mg, 48%). MS (ESI) m/z 855 [M+H]⁺.

Example GX

4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (2.895 g, 6.94 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (2.64g, 10.41 mmol), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (254 mg, 0.347 mmol) and KOAc (2.04 g,20.82 mmol) were combined in dioxane and degassed for 12 min withbubbling N₂. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 90° C. for 18 h,cooled to RT and diluted with EtOAc. The organic mixture was washed withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (50% to 100% EtOAc/Hex) to provide the titlecompound (1.56 g, 48%).

4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.990 g, 2.13 mmol),(1-{6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.007 g, 1.92 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (222 mg, 0.192 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (2.0 M in H₂O, 2.1 mL, 4.2 mmol) were combined in1,2-dimethoxymethane. The mixture was degassed for 10 min with bubblingN₂ then heated to reflux for 4 h then cooled. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brinebefore being dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The cruderesidue was purified by silica column chromatography (EtOAc, then 2%MeOH/DCM, then 4% MeOH/DCM) to provide the title compound (1.028 g,68%).

(1-{6-[5-(6-{4-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester tris-hydrochloride: A solution of4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.000 g, 1.28 mmol) in DCM (16 mL) was treatedwith HCl (4.0 M in dioxane, 3.2 mL, 12.8 mmol). After 2.5 h, the solidwas filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc to provide the title compound(1.004 g, 99%).

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[4-Cyano-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: 2-2-Methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (37 mg, 0.227mmol) EDC-HCl (44 mg, 0.227 mmol) and HOBt (32 mg, 0.237 mmol) werecombined in DMF (2 mL) and stirred for 20 min at RT.(1-{6-[5-(6-{4-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester tris-hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.189 mg) was added, thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and NMM (0.104 mL, 0.947 mmol) wasadded dropwise. After 1.5 h, the reaction mixture was warmed to RT. 30min later, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with NaHCO₃,then brine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, then filtered andconcentrated. The resulting residue was purified by HPLC to afford thetitle compound (78 mg, 49%). MS (ESI) m/z 826 [M+H]⁺.

Example GY

[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[1.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3,3-dimethyl-butyric acid (43mg, 0.227 mmol) EDC-HCl (44 mg, 0.227 mmol) and HOBt (32 mg, 0.237 mmol)were combined in DMF (2 mL) and stirred for 20 min at RT.(1-{6-[5-(6-{4-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester tris-hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.189 mg) was added, thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and NMM (0.104 mL, 0.947 mmol) wasadded dropwise. After 20, the reaction mixture was warmed to RT. 30 minlater, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with NaHCO₃, thenbrine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, then filtered andconcentrated. The resulting residue was purified by HPLC to afford thetitle compound (73 mg, 45%). MS (ESI) m/z 854 [M+H]⁺.

Example GZ

4-Hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-methyl ester: 4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester 2-methyl ester (4.48 g, 19.71 mmol) was dissolved inTHF (100 mL) and the stirred solution was cooled to 0° C.Borane-dimethylsulfide complex (1.9 mL, 19.7 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT o/n. After 16 h, water wasadded dropwise until no bubbling was observed. The stirred mixture wasthen cooled to 0° C. Aqueous NaOH (5M in H₂O, 5.3 mL, 26.6 mmol), thenH₂O₂ (30 wt % in H₂O, 6.0 mL, 58.5 mmol) were added dropwise. Thereaction was then warmed to 50° C. After 30 min, the mixture was dilutedwith ethyl ether and washed with water and brine. The organic phase wasdried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (25% to 75% EtOAc/Hex) toafford the title compound (2.08 g, 41%).

4-Methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-methyl ester: 4-Hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester 2-methyl ester (861 mg, 3.32 mmol) was dissolved inDCM (6.6 mL) then 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine (1.023 g, 4.98mmol) and AgOTf (938 mg, 3.65 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture wascooled to 0° C. and iodomethane (0.25 mL, 3.98 mmol) was added. After 4min, the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and it was filtered overelite. The filtrate was concentrated to a residue which was dissolved indiethyl ether. The organic solution was washed with 10% HCl and brine,then dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (20% to 80% EtOAc/Hex) toafford the title compound (479 mg, 53%).

4-Methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester:4-Methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-methyl ester (461 mg, 1.68 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (17 mL) andLiOH (1 M in H₂O, 8.5 mL, 8.5 mmol) was added. After stirring at RT for5 h, the MeOH was removed under reduced pressure. The aqueous solutionwas poured into a separatory funnel, diluted with 1 M HCl (9 mL, 9 mmol)and extracted with DCM (3×). The combined organics were dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in MeCN (17mL) and treated with 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone (514 mg, 1.85 mmol), andtriethylamine (0.258 mL, 1.85 mmol). After stirring for 2 h, the solventwas removed and the solid was suspended in EtOAc. The organic layer waswashed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine then dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography (15% to 35% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the titlecompound (746 mg, 97%).

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 4-Methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (746 mg, 1.63mmol) was dissolved in PhMe (16 mL) and treated with NH₄OAc (2.52 g,32.7 mmol). The stirred mixture was refluxed for 19 h then cooled to RTand diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine then dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (35% to 65% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (334mg, 47%).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (334 mg, 0.765 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (4 mL)and treated with HCl (4.0M in dioxane, 0.960 mL, 3.83 mmol). After 2.5h, the solution was concentrated and the residue was treated with2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (146 mg, 0.832 mmol) andHATU (316 mg, 0.832 mmol). The solids were suspended in DMF (4 mL) andthe reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. before triethylamine (0.67 mL,3.83 mmol) was added in a dropwise fashion. After 30 min, the mixturewas warmed to RT. After another 1 h, it was diluted with EtOAc andwashed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. Then it was dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (80% to 100% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the titlecompound (369 mg, 98%).

[1-(4-Methoxymethyl-2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (348 mg, 0.705 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (269 mg,1.06 mmol), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (52 mg, 0.0705 mmol) and KOAc (208 g, 2.12mmol) were combined in dioxane and degassed for 12 min with bubbling N₂.The reaction mixture was then stirred at 90° C. for 18 h, cooled to RTand diluted with EtOAc. The organic mixture was washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (80% to 100% EtOAc/Hex) to provide the title compound(297 mg, 78%).

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-4-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:[1-(4-Methoxymethyl-2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (132 mg, 0.244 mmol),(1-{6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (154 mg, 0.293 mmol) Pd(PPh₃)₄ (28 mg, 0.0244 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (2M in H₂O, 0.488 mL, 0.976 mmol) were combined in1,2-dimethoxyethane (5 mL). The mixture was degassed with bubbling N₂for 12 min then heated to 85° C. for 4 h. After cooling to RT, thereaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc then washed with water andbrine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by HPLC to provide thetitle compound (118 mg, 56%). MS (ESI) m/z 859 [M+H]⁺.

Example HA

(1-{2-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-ylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-butyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[4-Ethynyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (192 mg, 0.490 mmol),2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (260 mg, 0.588 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (57 mg, 0.0490mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.0980 mmol) and Et₃N (0.683 mL, 4.90 mmol) werecombined in DMF (5 mL). The stirred reaction mixture was degassed for 10min, then heated to 80° C. for 3 h, after which it was diluted withEtOAc, washed with H₂O and brine. The organic phase was dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (45% to 75% EtOAc/Hex) to provide thenaphthyl alkyne compound (147 mg, 40%). This product was dissolved inDCM (10 mL) and treated with TFA (5 mL). After stirring for 20 h, themixture was concentrated. The residue was free-based then treated with2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-pentanoic acid (52 mg, 0.276 mmol), HATU(84 mg, 0.222 mmol) and DMF (2 mL). The stirred mixture was cooled to 0°C. and DIPEA (0.160 mL, 0.923 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction wasallowed to come to RT slowly o/n. After 30 h, 6 drops of 5 M NaOH wereadded and the mixture was stirred for 20 min, after which it was dilutedwith EtOAc and washed with 1M LiOH and brine. The organic phase wasdried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by HPLC to afford the title compound (33 mg, 22%). MS (ESI) m/z765 [M+H]⁺.

Example HB

4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester:2-Bromo-1-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-ethanone (1 g, 3.07 mmol) and4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (849mg, 3.38 mmol) were suspended in MeCN (15 mL) and treated with Et₃N(0.45 mL, 3.22 mmol). After stirring o/n, the reaction mixture wasconcentrated. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washedwith water, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layer wasdried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude material waspurified by silica column chromatography (0% to 20% EtOAc/Hex) toprovide the title compound (1.27 g, 83%).

2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: 4,4-Difluoro-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (1.2g, 2.41 mmol) was treated with NH₄OAc (3.72 g, 96.4 mmol) and PhMe (48mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed with stirring for 18 h. Afterthis period, it was cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc and washed withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. Filtration and concentrationprovided a crude residue that was purified by silica columnchromatography (20% to 60% EtOAc/Hex) to provide the title compound (803mg, 70%).

(1-{2-[4-(6-{2-[4,4-Difluoro-1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-ylethynyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[4-Ethynyl-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (199 mg, 0.508 mmol),2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4,4-difluoro-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (364 mg, 0.762 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (118 mg, 0.102mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.102 mmol) and triethylamine (0.71 mL, 5.08 mmol)were suspended in DMF (5 mL). The reaction mixture was degassed withbubbling N₂ then heated to 80° C. for 4 h. Following this period, themixture was cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc and washed with water,saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layer was dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified bysilica column chromatography (50% to 100% EtOAc/Hex) to provide thenaphthyl alkyne (284 mg, 71%). A fraction of this material (123 mg,0.156 mg) was dissolved in EtOH (4 mL) and treated with conc. HCl. Thereaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 18 h. The solution was thenconcentrated. The resulting residue treated with2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (60 mg, 0.343 mmol) andHATU (130 mg, 0.343 mmol), suspended in DMF (3 mL) and cooled to 0° C.DIPEA (0.272 mL, 1.56 mmol) was added dropwise. After stirring for 4 h,NaOH (5M in H₂O, 0.300 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added. This mixture was stirredfor 3 h then diluted with EtOAc and washed with 1 M LiOH (2×) thenbrine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was then purified by HPLC to afford thetitle compound (53 mg, 44%). MS (ESI) m/z 773 [M+H]⁺.

Example HC

[1-(4-Cyano-2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-butyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{6-[5-(4-{6-[2-(4-Cyano-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-Spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester-tris-hydrochloride (148 mg, 0.187 mmol),2-2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-pentanoic acid (42 mg, 0.224 mmol) andHATU (78 mg, 0.206 mmol) were combined in DMF (2 mL) and cooled to 0° C.DIPEA (0.163 mL, 0.935 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixturewas allowed to warm to RT slowly. After 12 h, it was diluted with EtOAcand washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, then brine. The organic phasewas dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by HPLC to afford the title compound (80 mg, 50%). MS (ESI) m/z854 [M+H]⁺.

Example HD

4-Difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butylester 2-methyl ester: 4-Hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester 2-methyl ester (584 mg, 2.25 mmol) and CuI (86 mg,0.45 mmol) were suspended in MeCN (10 mL). The reaction mixture washeated to 45° C. and difluoro-fluorosulfonyl-acetic acid (0.465 mL, 4.5mmol) was added dropwise over the course of 30 min. Stirring wascontinued for another 3 h, after which the reaction mixture was cooledto RT and concentrated. The residue was taken up in EtOAc and washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine then dried over MgSO₄, filteredand concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (19% to 40% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (394mg, 57%).

4-Difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester:4-Difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butylester 2-methyl ester (398 mg, 1.29 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (8 mL)and LiOH (1 M in H₂O, 2 mL, 2 mmol) was added. After stirring at RT for5 h, the MeOH was removed under reduced pressure. The aqueous solutionwas poured into a separatory funnel, diluted with 1 M HCl (2 mL, 2 mmol)and extracted with DCM (3×). The combined organics were dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in MeCN (4mL) and treated with 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone (200 mg, 0.719 mmol), andtriethylamine (0.100 mL, 0.719 mmol). After stirring for 15 h, thesolvent was removed. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (10% to 35% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (303mg, 94%).

2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:4-Difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester 1-tert-butyl ester (303 mg,0.615 mmol) was dissolved in PhMe (12 mL) and treated with NH₄OAc (948mg, 12.3 mmol). The stirred mixture was refluxed for 23 h then cooled toRT and diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine then dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (25% to 50% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (130mg, 45%).

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester was dissolved in DCM (4 mL) and treated with HCl(4.0M in dioxane, 1 mL, 4 mmol). After 2.5 h, the solution wasconcentrated and the residue was treated with2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (55 mg, 0.315 mmol) andHATU (120 mg, 0.315 mmol). The solids were suspended in DMF (3 mL) andthe reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. before triethylamine (0.25 mL,1.43 mmol) was added in a dropwise fashion. After 30 min, the mixturewas warmed to RT. After another 1 h, it was diluted with EtOAc andwashed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. Then it was dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified bysilica column chromatography (60% to 100% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the titlecompound (92 mg, 61%).

(1-{4-Difluoromethoxymethyl-2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-difluoromethoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (42 mg, 0.174 mmol),[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (95 mg, 0.191 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (20 mg, 0.0174 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (2M in H₂O, 0.191 mL, 0.383 mmol) were combined in1,2-dimethoxyethane (2 mL). The mixture was degassed with bubbling N₂for 12 min then heated to 85° C. for 4 h. After cooling to RT, thereaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc then washed with water andbrine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by HPLC to provide thetitle compound (42 mg, 30%). MS (ESI) m/z 819 [M+H]⁺.

Example HE

3a,6a-Dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acidmethoxy-methyl-amide: 3a,6a-Dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylicacid (2 g, 10.86 mmol) MeNHOMe—HCl (1.06 g, 10.86 mmol), HOBt (1.47 g,10.86 mmol) and DIPEA (5.9 mL, 33.67 mmol) were combined in DMF (40 mL).To the stirred mixture was added EDCI (2.72 g, 14.12 mmol). After 5 h,EtOAc (100 mL) was added and the organics were washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine then dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (20% to 45% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (1.98g, 80%).

1-(3a,6a-Dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-ethanone:3a,6a-Dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acidmethoxy-methyl-amide (1.955 g, 8.60 mmol) was dissolved in THF. Thestirred solution was cooled to 0° C. before methylmagnesium bromide (1.4M in PhMe, 8.6 mL, 12.04 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowed togradually warm to RT o/n, then it was quenched by addition of 10% HCl.The aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phasewas washed with brine then dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentratedto afford the title compound (1.98 g, 80%).

2-Bromo-1-(3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-ethanone:1-(3a,6a-Dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-ethanone (453 mg, 2.48mmol) was dissolved in THF (12 mL) and phenyltrimethylammoniumtribromide (932 mg, 2.48 mmol) was added. After stirring for 1 h, thesuspension was filtered over CELITE. The filtrate was diluted withdiethyl ether, then washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine thendried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compoundwhich was carried on without purification.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester: Crude2-Bromo-1-(3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3, 2-1)]thiophen-2-yl)-ethanone (2.48mmol assuming complete conversion from starting material) was treatedwith Boc-proline and MeCN (25 mL). Triethylamine was added and thesolution was stirred at RT for 1 h then concentrated. The crude residuewas purified by silica column chromatography (14% to 35% EtOAc/Hex) toafford the title compound (595 mg, 61%).

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(5-bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester: Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester (595mg, 1.5 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (7.5 mL) and treated withN-bromosuccinimide (295 mg, 1.65 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredfor 4d at RT then diluted with EtOAc and washed with saturated aqueousNaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (20% to 50% EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (469mg, 66%).

2-[5-(5-Bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-[2-(5-bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester1-tert-butyl ester (480 mg, 1.01 mmol) was treated with PhMe (10 mL) andammonium acetate (1.56 g, 20.24 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxedwhile stirring for 16 h, then cooled to RT. EtOAc was added and theorganic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. Afterit was dried over MgSO₄, it was filtered and concentrated. The cruderesidue was purified by silica column chromatography (25% to 60%EtOAc/Hex) to afford the title compound (378 mg, 82%).

2-{5-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester:2-[5-(5-Bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

(273 mg, 0.598 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.228 mg, 0.897 mmol),Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (44 mg, 0.0598 mmol) and KOAc (176 mg, 1.79 mmol) werecombined in dioxane and degassed for 12 min with bubbling N₂. Thereaction mixture was then stirred at 85° C. for 2.5 h, cooled to RT anddiluted with EtOAc. The organic mixture was washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (25% to 60% EtOAc/Hex) to provide the title compound(0.159 g, 53%). The product was contaminated with an equimolar amount ofa byproduct which was believed to be the proteodebrominated startingmaterial.

[1-(2-{5-[5-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-{5-[5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (159 mg, 0.317 mmol),2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (124 mg, 0.317 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (37 mg, 0.0317 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (2 M in H₂O, 0.32 mL, 0.64 mmol) were combined in1,2-dimethoxyethane (3 mL) and degassed with bubbling N₂ for 10 min. Thestirred reaction mixture was warmed to 85° C. for 3.5 h then cooled toRT and diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (EtOAc then 5% MeOH/DCM) to afford the Suzuki-coupledproduct (89 mg, 41%). This material was dissolved in DCM (4 mL) andtreated with HCl (4 M in dioxane, 1 mL, 4 mmol). After stirring for 73min, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and the solid wasfiltered off and rinsed with EtOAc. The solid was dried, then combinedwith 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (37 mg, 0.212 mmol),HATU (81 mg, 0.212 mmol) and DMF (2 mL). The stirred reaction mixturewas cooled to 0° C. and DIPEA (0.17 mL, 0.96 mmol) was added dropwise.After 15 min, it was warmed to RT. 17 h later, the reaction mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueousNaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by HPLC to afford the titlecompound (23 mg, 22%). MS (ESI) m/z 801 [M+H]⁺.

Example HF

(1-{2-[5-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-(5-Bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.219 mmol),(2-Methyl-1-{2-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (117 mg, 0.283 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (51 mg, 0.0438 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (2 M in H₂O, 0.33 mL, 0.66 mmol) were combined in1,2-dimethoxyethane (4 mL) and degassed with bubbling N₂ for 10 min. Thestirred reaction mixture was warmed to 85° C. for 3.5 h then cooled toRT and diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica columnchromatography (EtOAc) to afford the Suzuki-coupled product (71 mg,49%). This material was dissolved in DCM (4 mL) and treated with HCl (4M in dioxane, 1 mL, 4 mmol). After stirring for 97 min, the reactionmixture was concentrated. The solid was dried, then combined with2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (39 mg, 0.225 mmol), HATU(86 mg, 0.225 mmol) and DMF (4 mL). The stirred reaction mixture wascooled to 0° C. and DIPEA (0.18 mL, 1.07 mmol) was added dropwise. After30 min, it was warmed to RT. 12 min later, the reaction mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueousNaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by HPLC to afford the titlecompound (32 mg, 39%). MS (ESI) m/z 775 [M+H]⁺.

Example HG

(1-{2-[5-(5-Bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-[5-(5-Bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (250 mg, 0.548 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (4 mL)and treated with HCl (4 M in dioxane, 1 mL, 4 mmol). After stirring for1.5 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The solid was dried, thencombined with 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (106 mg,0.603 mmol), HATU (229 mg, 0.603 mmol) and DMF (6 mL). The stirredreaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and DIPEA (0.48 mL, 2.74 mmol) wasadded dropwise. After 50 min, it was warmed to RT. 12 min later, thereaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine before being dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silicacolumn chromatography to afford the title compound (252 mg, 90%).

(1-{2-[5-(5-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl}-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester:(1-{2-[5-(5-Bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (140 mg, 0.440 mmol),{1-[2-(5-Ethynyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (130 mg, 0.254 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (29 mg, 0.0254 mmol),CuI (10 mg, 0.0508 mmol) and triethylamine (0.354 mmol, 2.54 mmol) werecombined in DMF (2.5 mL) and degassed with N₂ for 17 min. The reactionwas heated to 85° C. for 4 h then cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc andwashed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×) and brine. The organic layerwas dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by HPLC chromatography to afford the title compound (34 mg,18%). MS (ESI) m/z 749 [M+H]⁺.

Example HH

[2-oxo-1-phenyl-2-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester:2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (530 mg, 1.21 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (4 mL)and treated with HCl (4M in dioxane, 1 mL, 4 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at RT for 19 h then the solid was filtered off and rinsedwith DCM. After being thoroughly dried (461 mg, 92%), a portion of thissolid (200 mg, 0.485 mmol) was combined withMethoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid (122 mg, 0.582 mmol) and HATU(221 mg, 0.582 mmol)were suspended in DCM (5 mL) and K₃PO₄ (309 mg,1.455 mmol) was added. After stirring 24 h, the reaction mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc and washed with 1M LiOH and brine. The organic layerwas dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by silica column chromatography (75% to 100% EtOAc) to providethe title compound (204 mg, 79%).

{2-Methyl-1-[2-(5-{5-[4-(2-{1-[2-(methylperoxymethyl-amino)-2-phenyl-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester:[2-oxo-1-phenyl-2-(2-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (204 mg, 0.385 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(5-Bromo-3a,6a-dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (137 mg, 0.268 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (31 mg, 0.0268 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (2M in H₂O, 0.4 mL, 0.8 mmol) were combined in1,2-dimethoxyethane (2.7 mL). After 10 min of degassing with bubblingN₂, the reaction mixture was heated to 85° C. for 19 h. After thisperiod, it was cooled and diluted MeOH. The suspension was filtered overa thiol SPE cartridge to remove the palladium, then concentrated. Thecrude residue was purified by HPLC to afford the title compound (103 mg,46%). MS (ESI) m/z 835 [M+H]⁺.

Example HI

2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester: 3,5-Dimethoxy-benzoicacid methyl ester (4.0 g) was dissolved in MeCN (28 mL), and NBS (4.4 g)was added at 0° C. After stirring at room temperature for 3 hours,saturated Na₂SO₃ (15 mL) was added. The mixture was evaporated undervacuum and extracted with ether (1×, 500 mL). After the solvent wasremoved, the crude material was subjected to silica gel chromatographyusing effluent of 10-40% ethyl acetate and hexanes. The fractionscontaining product were combined and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure to provide 2-bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid methylester (5.2 g, 93%) as a clear oil.

4,6,4′,6′-Tetramethoxy-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester:2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (5.2 g) was dissolved inDMF (16 mL), and Cu powder (2.4 g) was added. After stirring at 150° C.for 3 days, the mixture was filtered and evaporated under vacuum. Thecrude material was subjected to silica gel chromatography using effluentof 30-60% ethyl acetate and hexanes. The fractions containing productwere combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure toprovide 4,6,4′,6′-tetramethoxy-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid dimethylester (2.5 g, 68%) as a clear oil.

(6′-Hydroxymethyl-4,6,2′,4% tetramethoxy-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanol:4,6,4′,6′-tetramethoxy-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester(2.5 g) was dissolved in THF (96 mL), and 1M LiAlH₄ in THF (9.6 mL) wasadded. After stirring at room temperature for overnight, the mixture wasquenched with water and 2N HCl (24 mL) was added. The mixture wasevaporated under vacuum and partitioned with DCM (300 mL) and water (200mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and crystallized with DCMto provide(6′-hydroxymethyl-4,6,2′,4′-tetramethoxy-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanol (1.7 g,77%) as a pale blue white triclinic crystals.

6,6′-Bis-bromomethyl-2,4,2′,4′ tetramethoxy-biphenyl:(6′-hydroxymethyl-4,6,2′,4′-tetramethoxy-biphenyl-2-yl)-methanol (779mg) was dissolved in DCM (5.8 mL), and PBr₃ (527 μl) was slowly added at0° C. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 min. and at room temperature for 1hour, H₂O (40 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with ether (1×,50 mL). After the solvent was removed, the crude material was subjectedto silica gel chromatography using effluent of 10-40% ethyl acetate andhexanes. The fractions containing product were combined and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure to provide6,6′-bis-bromomethyl-2,4,2′,4′-tetramethoxy-biphenyl (700 mg, 65%) as athick oil.

6,6′-Bis-bromomethyl-biphenyl-2,4,2′,4′-tetraol:6,6′-bis-bromomethyl-2,4,2′,4′-tetramethoxy-biphenyl (685 mg) wasdissolved in DCM (3.0 mL), and 1M BBr₃ in DCM (16.4 mL) was slowlyadded. After stirring for 2 days, the mixture was poured on to ice andconcentrated. The crude material was used for the next step without afurther purification.

5-10-Dihydro-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-2,7-diol: The crude6,6′-bis-bromomethyl-biphenyl-2,4,2′,4′-tetraol was dissolved in DMF (30mL), and Cs₂CO₃ (1.9 g) was added. After stirring at room temperaturefor 1 hour, the mixture was partitioned with 1 N HCl (100 mL) and ethylacetate (100 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×, 100 mL). Afterthe solvent was removed, the crude material was subjected to silica gelchromatography using effluent of 10-15% methanol and DCM. The fractionscontaining product were combined and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure to provide5-10-dihydro-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-2,7-diol (301 mg, 84%) as awhite solid.

Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid7-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-5,10-dihydro-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromen-2-ylester: 5-10-Dihydro-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-2,7-diol (290 mg) wasdissolved in DCM (12 mL), and Tf₂O (1.2 mL) and pyridine (969 μl) wereadded. After stirring at room temperature for overnight, the mixture waspartitioned with 2 N HCl (50 mL) and DCM (50 mL), and washed with 2 NHCl (2×50 mL) and saturated sodium bicarbonate (1×50 mL). After thesolvent was removed, the resulting oil was subjected to silica gelchromatography using effluent of 0-30% ethyl acetate and hexanes. Thefractions containing product were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid7-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-5,10-dihydro-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromen-2-ylester (472 mg, 78%) as an off-white solid.

(1-{2-[5-(7-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-5,10-dihydro-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to prepare(1-{2-[5-(2-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6-H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, substituting trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid7-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-5,10-dihydro-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromen-2-yl ester fortrifluoro-methanesulfonic acid2-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-6-H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl ester.

Example HJ

3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. To a solution of[2-Methyl-1-(6-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.95 g, 1.82 mmol) and3-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.96 g, 1.82 mmol, 1 equiv.) in DME (20 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (aqueous, 2 M, 3.6 mL, 7.2 mmol, 4 equiv.) and Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.11 g, 0.09 mmol, 0.05 equiv.). The slurry was degassed with argon for5 minutes and heated to 80° C. for 12 hours. The resulting reactionmixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The aqueous layerwas back-extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The crude oil was purified by columnchromatography (SiO₂, 50→100% EtOAc in Hexanes) to provide3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.53 g, 37%) as a yellow powder. LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₆H₅₃N₇O₅: 783.4 (M⁺). Found: 784.3 (M+H⁺).

[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a slurry of3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.05 g, 0.06 mmol) inMeOH (0.1 mL) was added HCl in dioxanes (4 M, 0.6 mL). The resultingsolution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and the concentratedto dryness. Cyclopropyl-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid (0.02 g, 0.09mmol, 1.5 equiv.) and CH₂Cl₂ (0.6 mL) were then added, followed by HATU(0.03 g, 0.08 mmol, 1.25 equiv.) and NMM (0.05 mL, 0.45 mmol, 5 equiv.).The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Thereaction mixture was concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC(Gemini, 15→40% MeCN in H₂O (0.1% formic acid)) and lyophilized toprovide[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.03 g, 49%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₈H₅₄N₈O₆: 838.4 (M⁺). Found: 839.9 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:(mixture of rotomers) 8.22 (s, 2H), 7.81-7.96 (m, 10H), 7.63 (d, 1H),7.29 (d, 1H), 5.18 (t, 1H), 4.56 (d, 1H), 3.96 (t, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H),3.51 (s, 6H), 3.12 (t, 1H), 2.48 (s, 1H), 1.93-2.29 (m, 6H), 1.58-1.77(m, 5H), 0.85 (d, 3H), 0.80 (d, 3H), 0.58 (m, 4H), 0.34 (m, 1H), 0.26(m, 1H), 0.03 (m, 1H), −0.12 (m, 1H).

Example HK

[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]carbamicacid methyl ester. This compound was prepared following the procedurefor[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester using6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.05 g, 0.06 mmol) to provide[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.02 g, 46%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₈H₅₄N₈O₆: 838.4 (M⁺). Found: 839.9 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:(mixture of rotomers) 8.18 (s, 2H), 7.80-7.91 (m, 10H), 7.58 (s, 1H),7.14 (d, 1H), 5.19 (d, 1H), 4.50 (d, 1H), 4.13 (t, 1H), 3.57 (m, 1H),3.51 (s, 6H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 1H), 1.94-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.83(m, 5H), 1.42-1.49 (m, 4H), 0.97 (d, 3H), 0.87 (d, 3H), 0.52-0.68 (m,4H), 0.33 (m, 1H), 0.23 (m, 1H), 0.03 (m, 1H), −0.12 (m, 1H).

Example HL

2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. To a solution of2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.00 g, 2.5 mmol) and[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.97 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) in DME (12.5 mL) wasadded K₃PO₄ (aqueous, 2 M, 3.9 mL, 7.8 mmol, 3 equiv.), Pd₂ dba₃ (0.12g, 0.13 mmol, 0.05 equiv.), and Xantphos (0.15 g, 0.26 mmol, 0.1equiv.). The slurry was degassed with argon for 5 minutes and heated to80° C. for 18 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was diluted withEtOAc/MeOH (10:1) and filtered through CELITE. The solution was washedwith water and brine. The aqueous layer was back-extracted with EtOAcand the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated.The crude oil was purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 50→100% EtOAcin Hexanes) to provide2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.93 g, 49%) as a yellow powder. LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₂H₄₉N₇O₅: 731.4 (M⁺). Found: 732.9 (M+H⁺).

{2-Methyl-1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a slurry of2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.1 g, 0.14 mmol) in MeOH (0.15 mL) was added HClin dioxanes (4 M, 0.7 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour and diluted with Et₂O. The resulting precipitatewas filtered and dried to provide{2-Methyl-1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester trihydrochloric acid salt (0.09 g, 87%) as a whitepowder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₃₇H₄₁N₇O₃: 631.3 (M⁺). Found: 632.7(M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2S)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a slurry of{2-Methyl-1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.045 g, 0.06 mmol) and(S)-methoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid (0.02 g, 0.09 mmol, 1.5equiv.) in CH₂Cl₂ (0.6 mL) was added HATU (0.03 g, 0.08, 1.25 equiv.)and K₃PO₄ (0.05 g, 0.22 mmol, 3 equiv.). The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 18 hours and diluted with CH₂Cl₂. Thesalts were filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude oil waspurified by preparative HPLC (Gemini, 15→40% MeCN in H₂O (0.1% formicacid)) and lyophilized to provide[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2S)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.03 g, 65%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₇H₅₀N₈O₆: 822.4 (M⁺). Found: 823.5 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:(Mixture of rotomers) 7.64-8.03 (m, 9H), 7.20-7.40 (m, 6H), 7.17 (s,2H), 6.14 (m, 1H), 5.53 (dd, 2H), 5.25-5.33 (m, 2H), 4.33 (t, 1H), 3.85(m, 1H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 1H),2.86-2.96 (m, 3H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.23 (m, 6H), 0.87-0.90 (m, 6H).

Example HM

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2R)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. This compound was prepared following the procedurefor[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2S)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester using (R)-methoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid(0.02 g, 0.09 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) to provide[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2R)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.03 g, 65%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₇H₅₀N₈O₆: 822.4 (M⁺). Found: 823.8 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:(Mixture of rotomers) 7.62-8.02 (m, 9H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 6H), 7.22 (s,2H), 6.01 (s, 1H), 5.29-5.53 (m, 4H), 4.35 (t, 1H), 3.73-3.87 (m, 2H),3.68 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.22 (q, 2H), 2.82-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.37 (m,1H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.11 (m, 4H), 0.87-0.93 (m, 6H).

Example HN

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2S)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. This compound was prepared following the procedurefor[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2S)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester using(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.0 g, 2.2 mmol) and2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.6 g, 3.4 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) to provide[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.03 g, 54%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₇H₅₀N₈O₆: 822.4 (M⁺). Found: 823.9 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:(Mixture of rotomers) 7.52-7.93 (m, 9H), 7.27-7.42 (m, 6H), 7.16 (s,2H), 6.08 (m, 1H), 5.48-5.56 (m, 2H), 5.34 (s, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 4.35(t, 1H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.38(m, 1H), 2.78-2.83 (m, 3H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.23 (m, 6H), 0.86-0.97(m, 6H).

Example HO

[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2R)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. This compound was prepared following the procedurefor[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2S)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester using (R)-methoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid(0.02 g, 0.09 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) to provide[1-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.03 g, 58%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₇H₅₀N₈O₆: 822.4 (M⁺). Found: 823.8 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:(Mixture of rotomers) 7.62-7.87 (m, 9H), 7.29-7.43 (m, 6H), 7.18 (s,2H), 6.09 (m, 1H), 5.46 (m, 2H), 5.33 (s, 1H), 5.27 (s, 1H), 4.33 (t,1H), 3.84 (m, 1H), 3.71 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m,1H), 2.83-2.93 (m, 3H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.23 (m, 6H), 0.86-0.97 (m,6H).

Example HP

2-[5-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. To a solution of2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (0.39 g, 1.0 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diborane (0.31 g,1.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) in dioxane (5 mL) was added KOAc (0.30 g, 3.0mmol, 3 equiv.) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (0.04 g, 0.05 mmol, 0.05 equiv.). Theslurry was degassed with argon for 5 minutes and heated to 85° C. for2.5 hours. The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature and2-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.45 g, 1.0 mmol, 1 equiv.) and K₃PO₄ (aqueous, 2M, 1.75 mL, 3.5 mmol, 3.5 equiv.) was added. The reaction mixture washeated to 85° C. for 6 hours. The slurry was filtered through CELITE andconcentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography(SiO₂, 50→100% EtOAc in Hexanes (2% MeOH)) and preparative HPLC (Gemini,15→40% MeCN in H₂O (0.1% formic acid)) to provide2-[5-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.07 g, 10%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'dfor C₄₀H₄₆N₆O₄: 674.4 (M⁺). Found: 675.6 (M+H⁺).

[2-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a slurry of2-[5-(6-{4-[2-(1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (0.07 g, 0.09 mmol) in MeOH (0.1 mL) was added HClin dioxanes (4 M, 1.5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hour and basified with NaOH (2 N). The crude productwas extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic extracts were combined, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. (R)-Methoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-aceticacid (0.08 g, 0.4 mmol, 4.4 equiv.) and DMF (1.0 mL) were then added,followed by DEPBT (0.12 g, 0.4, 4 equiv.) and NaHCO₃ (0.04 g, 0.43 mmol,4 equiv.). The resulting slurry was stirred at room temperature for 7days. The reaction mixture was purified by preparative HPLC (Gemini,15→40% MeCN in H₂O (0.1% formic acid)) and lyophilized to provide[2-(2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.04 g, 49%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₅₀H₄₈O₆: 856.4 (M⁺). Found: 858.1 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:(Mixture of rotomers) 10.32-10.45 (m, 2H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H),7.72-7.98 (m, 8H), 7.19-7.50 (m, 12H), 6.07 (m, 2H), 5.28-5.55 (m, 4H),3.73 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.96 (m,2H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m, 2H).

Example HQ

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-o-tolyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. This compound was prepared following the procedurefor[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2S)-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester using Methoxycarbonylamino-o-tolyl-acetic acid (0.03g, 0.12 mmol, 1.75 equiv.) to provide[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-o-tolyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.03 g, 50%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₈H₅₂N₈O₆: 836.4 (M⁺). Found: 837.4 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) 8:(Mixture of diastereomers) 7.61-8.00 (m, 16H), 7.18-7.41 (m, 12H), 7.10(s, 2H), 5.28-5.63 (m, 10H), 4.36 (t, 2H), 3.72-3.86 (m, 4H), 3.68 (s,6H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 2.79-3.07 (m, 8H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.38(m, 4H), 1.86-2.28 (m, 8H), 0.88-0.94 (m, 12H).

Example HR

{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-P-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of{2-Methyl-1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.04 g, 0.05 mmol) and(S)-Methoxycarbonylamino-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid (0.02 g, 0.08mmol, 1.5 equiv.) in CH₂Cl₂ (0.5 mL) was added K₃PO₄ (0.03 g, 0.15 mmol,3 equiv.). The slurry was cooled to 0° C. and COMU (0.03 g, 0.06 mmol,1.25 equiv.) and the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. Theslurry was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated and the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC(Gemini, 15→40% MeCN in H₂O (0.1% formic acid)) and lyophilized toprovide{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.02 g, 50%) as a white powder. LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₈H₅₂N₈O₇: 852.4 (M⁺). Found: 853.6 (M+H⁺). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz,(acetone-d₆) δ: (Mixture of rotomers) 10.96-11.01 (m, 2H), 8.29 (s, 1H),8.07 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.89 (m, 7H), 7.35-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.33 (t, 1H), 7.05(d, 1H), 6.96 (t, 1H), 6.36 (d, 1H), 5.91 (d, 1H), 5.21-5.26 (m, 3H),4.29 (t, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s,3H), 3.30 (q, 2H), 2.59-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.21 (m, 6H),0.85-0.93 (m, 6H).

Example HS(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-azetidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-azetidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following method YYY substitutingazetidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester forpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester. C₄₁H₄₈N₈O₆calculated 748.4 observed [M+1]⁺749.4; rt=1.59 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.31(d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 8.16 (m, 2H), 8.04 (m, 2H), 7.98 (m, 1H), 7.90 (d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (s, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 5.49 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.12(t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.78 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H),3.53 (s, 3H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.08 (m,2H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 0.83 (m, 6H).

Example HT(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-azetidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester

(1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-azetidin-2-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared following method YYY substitutingazetidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester forpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester. C₄₃H₅₀N₈O₆:calculated 774.4 observed [M+1]⁺775.8; rt=1.66 min. ¹H (DMSO-d6): δ=8.11(s, 1H), 7.91 (m, 3H), 7.86 (m, 5H), 7.72 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (t,J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (m, 2H), 4.11 (t, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.75 (m,1H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.86(m, 1H), 0.83 (m, 6H).

Example HU

2-Isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine:To a stirred solution of 2-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine(1 mL, 5.58 mmol) in THF (13.5 mL) under argon at −78° C. was added asolution of n-butyllithium (2.5 M, 2.3 mL, 5.75 mmol). The solution wasstirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of1-Iodo-3,3,3-trifluoropropane (925 μL, 5.87 mmol) in THF (11.5 mL) wasadded slowly. The resulting solution was stirred at −78° C. for 5 hours,warmed to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was washed successively with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution,water and brine. The organic layer was then dried (MgSO₄), concentratedand purified by flash chromatography to yield2-Isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine(915 mg, 59%). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 4.04-3.99 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.95(m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.04 (m,3H), 1.94-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.03 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H)ppm.

5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoic acid methyl ester: Asolution of2-Isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine(725 mg, 2.59 mmol) in 0.25N HCl was stirred at room temperature for 3hours. The aqueous solution was washed once with ethyl acetate. Theethyl acetate rinsing was discarded and the aqueous layer was basifiedto pH˜10 with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The aqueous layer was extractedtwice with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine,dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to give crude(2S)-amino-5,5,5-trifluoro-pentanoic acid methyl ester contaminated withD-valine methyl ester. The crude material was dissolved indichloromethane (20 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Triethylamine (1.75 mL, 12.6mmol) and methyl chloroformate (480 μL, 6.2 mmol) were successivelyadded to the solution. After 1 hour the reaction was concentrated andpurified by flash chromatography to yield5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-carbonylamino-pentanoic acid methyl ester (465mg, 74%). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 5.27 (br, 1H), 4.42 (br, 1H), 3.79(s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.09 (m, 3H), 1.94-1.84 (m, 1H) ppm.

2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To a solution of5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoic acid methyl ester (194mg, 0.80 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was added an aqueous LiOH solution(1M, 2 mL, 2 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 45 minutes and then washed with ethyl acetate. The ethylacetate washing was discarded and the aqueous layer was acidified withconcentrated HCl. The acidified aqueous layer was extracted twice withethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄), and concentrated to give clean5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-carbonylamino-pentanoic acid. To a solution ofthe pentanoic acid in dimethylformamide (2 mL) was added HATU (300 mg,0.79 mmol). After stirring for 5 minutes, a solution of2-{5-[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (412 mg, 0.79 mmol) in dimethylformamide (1.9 mL)was added to the reaction, followed immediately by diisopropylethylamine(275 μL, 1.58 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 1 hour at roomtemperature then diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer waswashed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and purified byflash chromatography to yield2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(5,5,5-trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (340 mg, 59%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated forC₃₈H₄₄F₃N₇O₅: 735.34; observed [M+1]⁺: 736.05.

[4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-butyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(5,5,5-trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (340 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) wasadded trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 hours and then thoroughly concentrated. The resultingresidue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed three times withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄),and concentrated to give the crude free pyrrolidine (270 mg, 92%), whichwas clean enough to use without further purification. LCMS-ESI⁺:calculated for C₃₃H₃₆F₃N₇O₃: 635.28; observed [M+1]⁺: 636.17.

(4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-butyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of crude[4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-butyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (125 mg, 0.20 mmol) in dimethylformamide (0.6 mL) wasadded a solution of 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (38 mg,0.22 mmol) and HATU (82 mg, 0.22 mmol) in dimethylformamide (0.6 mL).Diisopropylethylamine (70 μL, 0.40 mmol) was then added and the reactionwas stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solution wasconcentrated and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 15to 50% ACN/H₂O+0.1% HCO₂H) to yield(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-butyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (73 mg, 47%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₄₀H₄₇F₃N₈O₆:792.85; observed [M+1]⁺: 794.33. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 7.82-7.70(m, 4H), 7.68-7.63 (m, 4H), 7.32-7.31 (m, 2H), 5.20-5.16 (m, 2H),4.56-4.51 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.84 (m,2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.46 (m, 1H), 2.38-1.96 (m, 12H),1.90-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.01-0.89 (m, 6H) ppm.

Example HV

(4,4,4-Trifluoro-4-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(5,5,5-trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-butyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of crude[4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-butyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (115 mg, 0.18 mmol) in dimethylformamide (0.5 mL) wasadded a solution of 5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoicacid (44 mg, 0.19 mmol) and HATU (72 mg, 0.19 mmol) in dimethylformamide(0.5 mL). Diisopropylethylamine (65 μL, 0.37 mmol) was then added andthe reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solutionwas concentrated and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini,15 to 50% ACN/H₂O+0.1% HCO₂H) to yield(4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(5,5,5-trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-butyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (35 mg, 23%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₄₀H₄₄F₆N₈O₆:846.82; observed [M+1]⁺: 847.34. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 7.81-7.72(m, 4H), 7.67-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.38-7.32 (m, 2H), 5.20-5.16 (m, 2H),4.55-4.51 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.86 (m, 4H), 3.67 (s, 6H), 2.38-2.20 (m, 8H),2.18-1.79 (m, 8H) ppm.

2-Isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-ethyl]-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine:This compound was made in 65% yield by the same procedure as2-Isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine,substituting 1-Iodo-3,3,3-trifluoropropane with2-(2-Bromoethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:4.11-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.95 (t, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.86-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.66(m, 7H), 2.30-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.03 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H),0.70 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H) ppm.

2-Methoxycarbonylamino-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-butyric acid methylester: This compound was made by the same procedure as5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoic acid methyl ester,using2-Isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-ethyl]-2,5-dihydropyrazineas the starting material. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 5.51-5.43 (br,1H), 4.51-4.43 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.63 (m, 10H), 2.22-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.03(m, 1H) ppm.

2-{5-[4′-(2-{1-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-butyryl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: This compound was made in 74% yield by the sameprocedure as2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(5,5,5-Trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester, using2-Methoxycarbonylamino-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-butyric acid methylester as the starting material. LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₃₉H₄₆F₃N₇O₆:765.35; observed [M+1]⁺: 766.12.

[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was made by the same procedure as[4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-butyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester, using2-{5-[4′-(2-{1-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-butyryl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester as the starting material. LCMS-ESI⁺: calculatedfor C₃₄H₃₈F₃N₇O₄: 665.29; observed [M+1]⁺: 666.20.

Example HW

To a solution of L-valine, d8 (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, 0.4949 g)in 1N sodium hydroxide (3.95 mL) was added sodium carbonate (0.419 g).The solution was cooled to 0° C. and methyl chloroformate (0.289 mL) wasadded dropwise over 30 minutes and reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hat 0° C. Reaction mixture was washed with ethyl ether (3×15 mL) andaqueous layer was acidified to pH=1 with concentrated HCl. Aqueous layerwas extracted dichloromethane (3×15 mL) and organic layers were dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated to give 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyricacid, d8 as a white solid (0.5681 g).

LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₇H₅D₈NO₄: 184.2 (M+H⁺). Found: 184.0 (M+H⁺).

A solution of hydroxybenzotriazole (0.242 g),1-(3-dimethylaminepropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide-HCl (0.328 g) and2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid, d8 (0.315 g) in DMF (5.0mL) was stirred at rt for 1 hr. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. anda solution of 2-(2-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-6-{7-[5-(5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazolein DMF (2.0 mL) was added, followed by dropwise addition ofdiisopropylethylamine over 15 min. Reaction mixture was warmed to rtovernight, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine,brine/saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (1:1) and aqueous layersback-extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried(MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 0 to 5% methanol/ethyl acetate), then and purified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 25 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).The product-containing fractions were pooled and treated with saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution at 0° C. for 1 h. Product was extracted withethyl acetate (2×), combined organic layer was dried (MgSO₄),concentrated and lyophilized from ACN/H₂O to give(1-{3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl,d8)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, d8 as a white powder (0.3947)

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.13 (s, 1H), 11.77 (s, 1H), 8.1-7.1 (m,12H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 5.2-5.1 (m, 1H), 4.60 (d, J=4.5 Hz,1H, 4.48 (s, 1H), 3.8-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 6H), 2.60 (s, 1H), 2.40-2.01(m, 10H), 0.64-0.52 (m, 4H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₃₈D₁₆F₂N₈O₆: 906.1 (M+H⁺). Found: 905.6(M+H⁺).

Example HX

To a solution of3-(6-{7-[5-(5-Benzyloxycarbonyl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.0 g), in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) at 0° C. was added 4 NHCl in dioxane (2.0 mL). Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5minutes, then warmed to rt. After stirring for 1.5 h, reaction mixturewas concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum to give an off-whitepowder (0.8826 g). Powder was suspended in ethyl acetate and saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution and stirred for 1 h. Aqueous layer wasextracted with ethyl acetate (2×), dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated. Aportion of this residue was used in the next step.

A solution of hydroxybenzotriazole (40 mg),1-(3-dimethylaminepropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide-HCl (57 mg) and2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (54 mg) in DMF (0.5 mL) andCH₂Cl₂ (0.5 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr. This solution was addedto a solution the above amine (150 mg) in DMF (0.5 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (0.5mL) at −20° C. and stirred at this temperature overnight. Reactionmixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine,brine/saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (1:1) and aqueous layersback-extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried(MgSO₄), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 0 to 5% methanol/ethyl acetate) to6-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester as a yellow foam (127 mg).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₀H₄₉F₂N₇O₅: 865.96 (M+H⁺). Found: 866.3 (M+H⁺).

A mixture of6-[5-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (127 mg) and 10% palladium on carbon, wet (29 mg) inethanol (4 mL) was stirred under an hydrogen atmosphere for 18 h. Addedmore and 10% palladium on carbon, wet (50 mg) and continued reaction for30 h. Reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE,concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 5to 20% methanol/dichloromethane) to give{1-[3-(6-{7-[5-(5-Aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester as a pale yellow film (21 mg).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₂H₄₃F₂N₇O₃: 732.8 (M+H⁺). Found: 732.4 (M+H⁺).

A solution of hydroxybenzotriazole (5.4 mg),1-(3-dimethylaminepropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide-HCl (7.7 mg) and2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (7.0 mg) in DMF (0.2 mL)and CH₂Cl₂ (0.2 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr. This solution wasadded to a solution{1-[3-(6-{7-[5-(5-Aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-9,9-difluoro-9H-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (21 mg) in DMF (0.4 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (0.4 mL) at −25° C.and stirred at this temperature overnight. Reaction mixture was dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with brine, brine/saturated sodiumbicarbonate solution (1:1) and aqueous layers back-extracted with ethylacetate. The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated andpurified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 25 to 100%ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). The product-containing fractions were pooled, dilutedwith ethyl acetate and treated with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution at for 1 h. Product was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×),combined organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated and lyophilizedfrom ACN/H₂O to(1-{3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester as a white powder (11.8 mg)

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.18 (s, 1H), 12.05 (s 0.5H), 11.48 (s,0.5H), 8.1-7.1 (m, 10H), 5.75 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 0.5H), 5.190 (d, J=4.5 Hz,0.5H), 4.63 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 1H), 4.12-4.0 (m, 2H), 3.8-3.2(m, 9H), 2.65 (s, 1H), 2.40-2.01 (m, 27H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₄F₂N₈O₆: 890.0 (M+H⁺). Found: 889.4 (M+H⁺).

To a solution of d-valine, (5.0 g) in 1N sodium hydroxide (42.7 mL) wasadded sodium carbonate (4.53 g). The solution was cooled to 0° C. andmethyl chloroformate (0.289 mL) was added dropwise over 2 h and reactionmixture was stirred for 2 h at 0° C. White reaction mixture was dilutedwith enough H₂O to form a colorless solution and washed with ethyl ether(3×30 mL). Aqueous layer was acidified to pH=2 with concentrated HCl togive a white precipitate that collected by filtration, washed with H₂Oand dried under high vacuum to give2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid as a crystalline whitesolid (4.668 g). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₇H₁₃NO₄: 176.2 (M+H⁺). Found:175.9 (M+H⁺).

Example HY

[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-{1-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-butyryl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was made in 45% yield by the sameprocedure as(4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-butyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, using[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the starting material. LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated forC₄₁H₄₉F₃N₈O₇: 822.87; observed [M+1]⁺: 823.45. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD)δ: 7.82-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.38-7.32 (m, 2H), 5.22-5.16(m, 2H), 4.65-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.21 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.84 (m, 6H),3.72-3.48 (m, 8H), 2.39-1.98 (m, 10H), 1.88-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.01-0.89 (m,6H) ppm.

Example HZ

[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-{1-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-butyryl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was made in 27% yield by the sameprocedure as(4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-{2-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(5,5,5-trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonylamino-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-butyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester, using[1-(2-{5-[4′-(2-Pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester as the starting material. LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated forC₄₂H₄₈F₆N₈O₈: 906.87; observed [M+1]⁺: 907.45. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD)δ: 7.73-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.62-7.59 (m, 4H), 7.38-7.35 (m, 2H), 5.14-5.10(m, 2H), 4.55-4.51 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.77 (m, 8H), 3.63-3.43 (m, 10H),2.34-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.22-1.87 (m, 8H), 1.86-1.68 (m, 2H) ppm.

Example IA

2,6-Bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene: To a stirredsolution of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (820 mg, 4.3 mmol) in THF(100 mL) under argon at −78° C. was added a solution of n-butyllithium(2.5 M, 3.44 mL, 8.6 mmol). The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30minutes and then warmed to −20° C. for 30 minutes. Tri-n-butyltinchloride (2.34 mL, 8.6 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture wasstirred at −20° C. for 30 minutes and then allowed to warm to roomtemperature. After 16 hours, hexane was added and the reaction wassuccessively washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentratedand purified by flash chromatography (100% hexanes).2,6-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (1.4 g, 42%)was isolated along with product contaminated with the monostannylatedbenzodithiophene. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 8.27 (s, 2H), 7.38 (s,2H), 1.65-1.57 (m, 12H), 1.41-1.32 (m, 12H), 1.26-1.11 (m, 12H), 0.91(t, J=7.3 Hz, 18H) ppm.

Fully protected2-[5-(6-{2-[pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine:Pd(PPh₃)₄ (61 mg, 0.053 mmol) was added to a degassed solution of2,6-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (202 mg, 0.26mmol) and2-[4-Bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (260 mg, 0.58 mmol) in toluene (4 mL). Thereaction was refluxed for 24 hours, then cooled to room temperature andfiltered through CELITE and a palladium scavenging column(Stratospheres™ PL-Guanidine MP SPE+, Part #: PL3514-CM89). The solidswere rinsed twice with toluene. The filtrate was concentrated and thecrude product purified by flash chromatography to yield the desired,fully protected product (100 mg, 41%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated forC₄₆H₆₈N₆O₆S₂Si₂: 920.42; observed [M+1]⁺: 921.45.

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of fully protected2-[5-(6-{2-[pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine(100 mg, 0.11 mmol), ethanol (4 mL) and concentrated HCl (1 mL) washeated to 60° C. for 16 hours. The reaction was concentrated and thecrude material dissolved in DCM (10 mL). This solution was concentratedto yield crude2-[5-(6-{2-[pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidinetetrahydrochloride. To this material was added a solution of2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methylbutyric acid (38 mg, 0.22 mmol) and HATU(83 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL). To the resulting solution was addeddiisopropylethylamine (190 μL, 1.1 mmol). After stirring for 2 hours atroom temperature, the reaction was concentrated and purified twice bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 10 to 45% ACN/H₂O+0.1% HCO₂H).The product fractions were passed through a freebasing column(STRATOSPHERES™ PL-HCO₃ MP SPE, Part #: PL3540-C603) and lyophilized togive(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (29 mg, 34%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₃₈H₄₆N₈O₆S₂:774.95; observed [M+1]⁺: 775.96. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 8.16-8.11(m, 2H), 7.49-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 2H), 5.18-5.15 (m, 2H), 4.24(d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 4.04-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.66 (br s,6H), 2.38-2.17 (m, 6H), 2.11-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.00-0.89 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example IB

(1-{3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared in a similar manner as Example B to givetitle compound as a white powder (88.9 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.56 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 0.5H), 12.04 (d,J=17.1 Hz, 0.5H), 11.84 (s, 1H), 8.1-7.1 (m, 12H), 5.3-5.1 (m, 1H),4.8-4.5 (m, 1H), 4.1-3.7 (m, 4H), 3.6-3.2 (m, 20H), 2.8-1.1 (m, 12H),0.9-0.4 (m, 16H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₄F₂N₈O₆: 890.0 (M+H⁺). Found: 889.4 (M+H⁺).

Example IC

Methoxycarbonylamino-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)-acetic acid methylester: A solution of N-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-(dimethylphosphono)glycinate (1.45 g, 5.68 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (22 mL) was cooled to−78° C. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine (0.680 mL, 5.42 mmol) was added andthe resulting solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes.Tetrahydropyran-4-one (0.500 mL, 5.42 mmol) was added and the reactionwas stirred at −78° C. for 1 hour. The ice bath was removed and thereaction was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. In themorning, the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate. The organics werewashed with 1N aqueous HCl and brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated.The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography to yieldmethoxycarbonylamino-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)-acetic acid methylester. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 5.94 (br s, 1H), 3.80-3.74 (m, 7H),3.71 (s, 3H), 2.95-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.41 (m, 2H) ppm.

{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution ofmethoxycarbonylamino-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)-acetic acid methylester (141 mg, 0.62 mmol) in methanol (1.8 mL) was added an aqueous LiOHsolution (1M, 1.8 mL, 1.8 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred atroom temperature for 16 hours and then washed with ethyl acetate. Theethyl acetate washing was discarded and the aqueous layer was acidifiedwith concentrated HCl. The acidified aqueous layer was extracted twicewith ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄), and concentrated to givemethoxycarbonylamino-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)-acetic acid. To asolution of methoxycarbonylamino-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)-acetic acid(23 mg, 0.11 mmol) in dimethylformamide (0.6 mL) was added HATU (41 mg,0.11 mmol). After stirring for 5 minutes, a solution of{2-methyl-1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester trihydrochloride (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) indimethylformamide (0.6 mL) was added to the reaction, followedimmediately by diisopropylethylamine (85 μL, 0.49 mmol). The reactionwas stirred for 1 hour at room temperature then diluted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed successively with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine, dried (MgSO₄), concentratedand purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 15 to 50%ACN/H₂O+0.1% HCO₂H) to yield{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-[2-methoxycarbonylamino-2-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (28 mg, 50%).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₄₆H₅₂N₈O₇: 828.95; observed [M+1]⁺: 830.32.¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 8.24-8.07 (m, 3H), 7.96-7.76 (m, 7H),7.45-7.34 (m, 2H), 5.28-5.18 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.23 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.98 (m,1H), 3.94-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.41 (m, 12H), 2.48-1.98 (m, 13H),1.02-0.90 (m, 6H) ppm.

Example ID

5-Oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]oct-6-ene-7-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: To asolution of methylenecyclobutane (2 mL, 21.6 mmol) in ethyl acetate (125mL) was added (Z)-ethyl 2-chloro-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (6.55 g, 43.2mmol) and solid sodium bicarbonate (16.3 g, 194 mmol). The reactionmixture was sealed and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. More(Z)-ethyl 2-chloro-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (4 g, 26.4 mmol) and sodiumbicarbonate (8 g, 95.2 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred atroom temperature for an additional 12 hours. The reaction was dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed successively with water and brine, dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated to yield crude5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]oct-6-ene-7-carboxylic acid ethyl ester,contaminated with (Z)-Ethyl 2-chloro-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate and relatedcompounds.

5-Oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: To asolution of crude 5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]oct-6-ene-7-carboxylic acidethyl ester (7.5 g, <40.9 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (270 mL) at 0° C. wasslowly added a solution of borane-dimethyl sulfide complex (10 M in THF,16.4 mL, 164 mmol). The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperatureovernight then recooled to 0° C., and quenched by the careful additionof water. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with waterand brine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated to yield a large amount ofwhite solids. These solids were thoroughly triturated three times withdichloromethane (150 mL). The combined dichloromethane washings wereconcentrated and the resulting oil was purified by flash chromatographyto yield 5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(1.08 g, 29% over 2 steps). ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ: 8.01-7.95 (br,1H), 4.39-4.28 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.62-2.49(m, 2H), 2.37-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.17 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.95 (m, 1H),1.88-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.34 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H) ppm.

6-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid ethyl ester: To a solution of2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (1.11 g, 6.33 mmol) andHATU (2.41 g, 6.34 mmol) in dimethylformamide (13 mL) was added asolution of 5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(980 mg, 5.3 mmol) in dimethylformamide (13 mL). To the resultingreaction mixture was added diisopropylethylamine (1.85 mL, 10.6 mmol)and the reaction was heated to 60° C. for 16 hours. The reaction wasdiluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄)and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by flashchromatography to give6-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid ethyl ester (1.31 g, 72%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₁₆H₂₆N₂O₆:342.18; observed [M+1]⁺: 342.90.

6-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid: To a solution of6-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid ethyl ester (1.31 g, 3.83 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added asolution of lithium hydroxide (1M in water, 7.6 mL, 7.6 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reactionwas partially concentrated and the resulting aqueous solution was washedwith ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was discarded and theaqueous layer was acidified using concentrated HCl. The acidic aqueouslayer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated to yieldcrude6-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid, which was used without further purification.

6-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester: To a solution of6-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid (˜3.83 mmol) and 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone (1.1 g, 3.96 mmol) inacetonitrile (19 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (1.32 mL, 7.59mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours and wasthen diluted with ethyl acetate. The organics were washed with water andbrine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. The resulting crude residue waspurified by flash chromatography, cleanly separating the twodiastereomers of6-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester (330 mg of the (R)diastereomer, 360 mg of the (S) diastereomer, 35% total yield over 2steps). ¹H-NMR for the desired (S) diastereomer: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃) δ:7.74-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.60 (m, 2H), 5.47 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.35(m, 1H), 5.20 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (dd, J¹=7.1 Hz, J²=9.0 Hz, 1H),4.74-4.70 (m, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.84 (dd, J¹=9.0 Hz, J²=12.6 Hz, 1H),2.60 (dd, J¹=7.0 Hz, J²=12.6 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.12 (m, 5H), 2.07-1.86 (m,2H), 1.75-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.01 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.89 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)ppm.

(1-{7-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of6-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-carboxylicacid 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester (150 mg, 0.29 mmol) in toluene(3 mL) was added ammonium acetate (230 mg, 3.0 mmol). The reactionmixture was vigorously refluxed for 3 hours, cooled to room temperatureand diluted with ethyl acetate. The organics were washed with water andbrine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated. The crude residue was purifiedby flash chromatography to yield(1-{7-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (95 mg, 66%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₂₂H₂₇BrN₄O₄:490.12/492.12; observed [M+1]⁺: 490.99/492.99. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CDCl₃)δ: 7.60-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 5.38-5.29 (m,2H), 4.76-4.70 (br, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.36-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.84 (dd,J¹=8.2 Hz, J²=12.5 Hz, 1H), 2.51-2.32 (m, 3H), 2.13-2.03 (m, 2H),2.00-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.71 (m, 1H), 0.97 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H), 0.84 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 3H), ppm.

[2-Methyl-1-(7-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A degassed mixture of(1-{7-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (85 mg, 0.17 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (66 mg,0.26 mmol), potassium acetate (51 mg, 0.52 mmol) anddichloro[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) (13 mg,0.018 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1.7 mL) was heated to 85° C. for 75 minutes.After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was filtered through apalladium scavenging column (STRATOSPHERES™ PL-Guanidine MP SPE+, Part#: PL3514-CM89) and the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate. Thefiltrate was washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄), andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography toyield[2-methyl-1-(7-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (81 mg, 87%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₂₈H₃₉BN₄O₆:538.30; observed [M+1]⁺: 539.12.

(1-{7-[5-(4′-{2-[6-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]oct-7-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of[2-methyl-1-(7-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (81 mg, 0.15 mmol),(1-{7-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (60 mg, 0.12 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (14 mg, 0.012 mmol) in1,2-dimethoxyethane (2.0 mL) was added a solution of potassium carbonate(2M in water, 0.250 mL, 0.50 mmol). The resulting mixture was degassedfor 15 minutes with a stream of argon and then heated to 85° C. for 3hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was filteredthrough a palladium scavenging column (STRATOSPHERES™ PL-Guanidine MPSPE+, Part #: PL3514-CM89) and the solids were rinsed with methanol. Thefiltrate was concentrated and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC(Gemini, 15 to 51% ACN/H₂O+0.1% HCO₂H) to yield(1-{7-[5-(4′-{2-[6-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]oct-7-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (26 mg, 26%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₄₄H₅₄N₈O₈:822.41; observed [M+1]⁺: 823.43. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 7.78-7.75(m, 4H), 7.68-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.38 (s, 2H), 6.94-6.89 (br, 2H), 5.47-5.42(m, 2H), 4.74-4.68 (br, 2H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 3.00-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.71(m, 2H), 2.61-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.30 (m, 2H),2.22-2.09 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.75 (m, 2H), 0.98 (d, J=6.8Hz, 6H), 0.88 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 6H) ppm.

Example IE

(1-{7-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To a solution of[2-methyl-1-(7-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (81 mg, 0.15 mmol),(1-{2-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (81 mg, 0.18 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (18 mg, 0.015 mmol) in1,2-dimethoxyethane (3.0 mL) was added a solution of potassium carbonate(2M in water, 0.300 mL, 0.60 mmol). The resulting mixture was degassedfor 15 minutes with a stream of argon and then heated to 85° C. for 3hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was filteredthrough a palladium scavenging column (STRATOSPHERES™ PL-Guanidine MPSPE+, Part #: PL3514-CM89) and the solids were rinsed with methanol. Thefiltrate was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (0%-5%methanol/dichloromethane). The resulting residue was repurified bypreparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 15 to 50% ACN/H₂O+0.1% HCO₂H) toyield(1-{7-[5-(4′-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-6-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (35 mg, 30%). LCMS-ESI⁺: calculated for C₄₂H₅₂N₈O₇:780.40; observed [M+1]⁺: 781.29. ¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ: 7.82-7.72(m, 4H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.99-6.90 (m,2H), 5.47-5.42 (m, 1H), 5.20-5.16 (m, 1H), 4.75-4.68 (m, 1H), 4.226-4.21(m, 1H), 4.03-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.48 (m, 7H),3.00-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.61-1.90 (m, 10H), 1.83-1.73 (m,1H), 1.00-0.86 (m, 12H) ppm.

Example IF(S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetic acid (3)

To (S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)aceticacid 1 (1.5 g, 5.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added 4M HCl indioxane (5 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and thenstirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford 2 To(S)-2-amino-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetic acid 2 (780 mg; 5 mmol)in water (25 ml) was added sodium carbonate (1.06 g; 10 mmol), and theresultant mixture was cooled to 0.deg. C. and then methyl chloroformate(0.53 ml; 5.5 mmol) was added dropwise over 5 minutes. The reaction wasallowed to stir for 18 hours while allowing the bath to thaw to ambienttemperature. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between 1N HCland ethyl acetate. The organic layer was removed and the aqueous layerwas further extracted with 2 additional portions of ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 3a colorlessresidue. MS (ESI) m/z: 218 [M+H]⁺.

Compounds 4-10 were prepared according to the method employed to prepare((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetic acid(3)

(S)-2-((S)-2-(5-(4-(6-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 11 (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 3 (20 mg, 0.09mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (18mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(20 μL, 0.18 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (36 mg, 65%).

¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (CD₃OD) δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.66 (m,10H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.05-6.91 (m, 1H), 5.22-5.09 (m, 1H),4.23-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.57 (s, 6H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 8H),2.65 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.09 (m, 5H), 2.02-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.29 (m, 5H),0.92-0.82 (m, 6H). MS (ESI) m/z 832 [M+H]⁺.

Example IG(S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-2-((S)-2-(5-(4-(6-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 11 (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts (32 mg) in DMF (0.7 mL) was added compound 10 (16 mg,0.063 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (12 mg, 0.063 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt), (9 mg, 0.063 mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bathto 0° C. and N-methylmorpholine (NMM)(20 μL, 0.12 mmol) was added from asyringe to the mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours atroom temperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified onreverse phase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (23 mg,62%).

MS (ESI) m/z 864 [M+H]⁺.

Example IH(R)-2-((S)-2-(5-(4-(6-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 11 (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts (33 mg) in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 4 (15 mg,0.068 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (13 mg, 0.068 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt), (11 mg, 0.068 mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bathto 0° C. and N-methylmorpholine (NMM)(14 μL, 0.13 mmol) was added from asyringe to the mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours atroom temperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified onreverse phase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (25 mg,67%).

MS (ESI) m/z 832 [M+H]⁺.

Example II(2S)-1-((2S)-2-(5-(6-(4-(2-((2S)-1-(2-(1,1-dioxo-hexahydro-thiopyran-4-yl)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)acetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 11 (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts (33 mg) in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 5 (18 mg,0.068 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (13 mg, 0.068 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt), (11 mg, 0.068 mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bathto 0° C. and N-methylmorpholine (NMM)(14 μL, 0.13 mmol) was added from asyringe to the mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours atroom temperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified onreverse phase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (16 mg,40%).

MS (ESI) m/z 880 [M+H]⁺.

Example IJ(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(6-(4-(2-((S)-1-(2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 11 (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts (33 mg) in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 6 (15 mg,0.068 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (13 mg, 0.068 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt), (11 mg, 0.068 mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bathto 0° C. and N-methylmorpholine (NMM)(14 μL, 0.13 mmol) was added from asyringe to the mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours atroom temperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified onreverse phase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (22 mg,60%).

MS (ESI) m/z 830 [M+H]⁺.

Example IK(S)-1-((S)-2-(5-(6-(4-(2-((S)-1-((R)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 11 (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts (20 mg) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added compound 9 (11 mg,0.039 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (8 mg, 0.039 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt), (6 mg, 0.039 mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bathto 0° C. and N-methylmorpholine (NMM) (8.3 μL, 0.075 mmol) was addedfrom a syringe to the mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4hours at room temperature. The resulting mixture was then directlypurified on reverse phase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as whitesolid (10 mg, 42%).

MS (ESI) m/z 891 [M+H]⁺.

Example IL(S)-2-((S)-2-(5-(6-(4-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 12 (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts (43 mg) in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 3 (20 mg,0.09 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(18 mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(20 μL, 0.18 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (32 mg, 465%).

MS (ESI) m/z 832 [M+H]⁺.

Example IM(S)-2-((S)-2-(5-(6-(4-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 13 (50 mg, 0.074 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.9 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.9 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 3 (41 mg, 0.19mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (36mg, 0.19 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (26 mg, 0.19mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(25 μL, 0.22 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (32 mg, 50%).

MS (ESI) m/z 874 [M+H]⁺.

Example IN(S)-2-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 14 (50 mg, 0.064 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 3 (20 mg, 0.09mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (18mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(18 μL, 0.16 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (30 mg, 54%).

MS (ESI) m/z 884 [M+H]⁺.

Example IO(2S,3R)-3-methoxy-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 14 (50 mg, 0.064 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 8 (17 mg, 0.09mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (18mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(18 μL, 0.16 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (30 mg, 54%).

MS (ESI) m/z 858 [M+H]⁺.

Example IP(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 15 (50 mg, 0.064 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 3 (20 mg, 0.09mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (18mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(20 μL, 0.16 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (25 mg, 45%).

MS (ESI) m/z 884 [M+H]⁺.

Example IQ(S)-2-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 16 (50 mg, 0.069 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 3 (41 mg, 0.19mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (36mg, 0.19 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (26 mg, 0.19mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(25 μL, 0.22 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (28 mg, 44%).

MS (ESI) m/z 926 [M+H]⁺.

Example IR(2S,3R)-3-methoxy-1-((S)-6-(5-(6-(4-(2-((1R,3S,4S)-2-((2S,3R)-3-methoxy-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 16 (50 mg, 0.069 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 8 (38 mg, 0.2mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (38mg, 0.2 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (27 mg, 0.2mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM) (554 μL, 0.5 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (29 mg, 40%).

MS (ESI) m/z 874 [M+H]⁺.

Example IS(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(9,9-difluoro-7-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

Compound 17 (1.2 g, 2 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (1 g, 4 mmol),potassium acetate (510 mg, 5.2 mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (82 mg, 0.1 mmol)were all weighed out in a glass pressure vessel and anhydrous1,4-Dioxane (10 mL) was added. The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen gasfor about 5 min. The vessel was then capped and sealed and heated in anoil bath at 90° C. overnight with continuous stirring. The reactionvessel was cooled down to room temperature and all volatiles wereremoved under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was subjected tosilica gel chromatography with an eluent of ethyl acetate and hexane ata gradient of 0-50% with an ISCO column (12 g silica gel). The fractionscontaining product were combined and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure to provide (18) (968 mg, 75%).

To compound 18 (950 mg, 1.47 mmol), compound 19 (488 mg, 1.54 mmol.),Pd(OAc)2 (23 mg, 0.1 mmol) and PPh3 (42 mg, 0.16 mmol). DME (16 mL) wasadded and followed by 6 mL 1M NaHCO3 aqueous solution. The reaction waspurged with Argon and heated to 90° C. for 3 hours under Ar. Thereaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated down. EtOAc wasadded and washed with sat. NaHCO3 aqueous (2×) and sat. NaCl aqueous(1×). The organic layer was concentrated down after drying over sodiumsulfate and subject to silica gel chromatography with an eluent of ethylacetate and hexane at a gradient of 40-100% with an ISCO column (12 gsilica gel). The fractions containing product were combined and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide product 20 (1 g,90%). MS (ESI) m/z 757 [M+H]⁺.

To compound 20 (50 mg, 0.066 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 21 (16 mg, 0.09mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (18mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM) (20 μL, 0.18 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (33 mg, 62%).MS (ESI) m/z 814 [M+H]⁺.

Example IT(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(9,9-difluoro-7-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 20 (50 mg, 0.066 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 3 (20 mg, 0.09mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (18mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM) (20 μL, 0.18 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (30 mg, 54%).MS (ESI) m/z 856 [M+H]⁺.

Example IU(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(9,9-difluoro-7-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-4-(methylthio)butanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 20 (50 mg, 0.066 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.8 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (0.8 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (0.8 mL) was added compound 7 (19 mg, 0.09mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (18mg, 0.09 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (13 mg, 0.09mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(20 μL, 0.18 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (30 mg, 55%).MS (ESI) m/z 846 [M+H]⁺.

Example IV(S)-1-((S)-6-(5-(9,9-difluoro-7-(4-(2-((S)-1-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamicacid methyl ester

To compound 22 (320 mg, 0.53 mmol), compound 23 (282 mg, 0.64 mmol.),Pd(OAc)2 (8.4 mg, 0.04 mmol) and PPh3 (16 mg, 0.06 mmol). DME (5.5 mL)was added and followed by 2.2 mL 1M NaHCO3 aqueous solution. Thereaction was purged with Argon and heated to 90° C. for 3 hours underAr. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated down.EtOAc was added and washed with sat. NaHCO₃ aqueous (2×) and sat. NaClaqueous (1×). The organic layer was concentrated down after drying oversodium sulfate and subject to silica gel chromatography with an eluentof ethyl acetate and hexane at a gradient of 40-100% with an ISCO column(12 g silica gel). The fractions containing product were combined andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide product 24(266 mg, 60%). MS (ESI) m/z 833 [M+H]⁺.

To compound 24 (120 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.5 mL) was added4M HCl in dioxane (1.5 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and then stirred for 2 hours. After concentrated in vacuo to afford HClsalts.

To these HCl salts in DMF (1.5 mL) was added compound 21 (35 mg, 0.2mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (38mg, 0.2 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), (27 mg, 0.2mmol). The mixture was cooled down in an ice bath to 0° C. andN-methylmorpholine (NMM)(50 μL, 0.45 mmol) was added from a syringe tothe mixture. The reaction content was stirred for 4 hours at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was then directly purified on reversephase prep. HPLC to afford title compound as white solid (65 mg, 56%).MS (ESI) m/z 890 [M+H]⁺.

Example IW

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester

(1-{6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.10 g, 0.24 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.073 g,0.29 mmol), Palladium dichloride (dppf) (0.018 g, 0.024 mmol), andpotassium acetate (0.071 g, 0.72 mmol) were suspended in 1,4-dioxane(1.2 mL) and degassed with argon for 30 minutes. The suspension washeated at 85° C. for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled,(1-{6-[5-(6-Bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.182 g, 0.346 mmol) and aqueous potassium phosphate(2M, 0.84 mL, 0.84 mmol) was added. The mixture was returned to heat for16 hours at which time, Palladium(tetrakis)triphenylphosphine (0.014 g,0.012 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated for an additional 4hours. Upon completion, the crude reaction mixture was concentrated invacuo and filtered through a Pd scavenging cartridge (Polymer Labs,PL-Guanidine MP SPE). The resulting slurry was diluted in DMF andpurified by reverse phase HPLC (15-40% acetonitrile: water; 0.1% formicacid modifier), and lyophilized giving[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.048 g, 24%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33-7.34 (m, 12H), 5.65-5.20 (m, 3H), 4.30(s, 2H), 4.03-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.74 (d, 9H), 3.53 (s, 1H), 2.97 (s, 1H),2.34-1.88 (m, 5H), 1.26 (s, 1H), 1.10 (m, 3H), 0.91 (m, 12H), 0.71 (s,6H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₆N₈O₆: 840.43 (M⁺). Found: 841.9 (M+H⁺).

Example IX

(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methylene-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester using 4-Methylene-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₁H₂₅BrN₄O₃: 460.11 (M⁺). Found: 463.61 (M+H⁺).

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-methylenepyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]4H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester using[2-Methyl-1-(2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.177 g, 0.324 mmol) and(1-{2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methylene-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.100 g, 0.216 mmol). Potassium phosphate (aqueous,0.32 mL, 0.648 mmol) was substituted for potassium carbonate and thereaction was performed under an argon atmosphere. The crude reaction waspurified by reverse phase HPLC (10-45% acetonitrile: water; 0.1% formicacid modifier), and lyophilized giving[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-methylenepyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.009 g, 5%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.12-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.93-7.79 (m, 5H),7.77-7.67 (m, 5H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.73-5.54 (m, 1H), 5.50-5.22 (m, 6H),4.49-4.28 (m, 3H), 3.96-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 9H), 3.06-2.86 (m, 2H),2.50-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.95 (m,3H), 1.90 (s, 4H), 1.26 (s, 3H), 1.13-1.04 (m, 3H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₅₂N₈O₆: 800.4 (M⁺). Found: 801.90 (M+H⁺).

Example IY

6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedureused to prepare[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example EZ) using[2-Methyl-1-(3-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (2.25 mmol),6-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (2.39 mmol), and potassium carbonate (2M, 4.3 mL,8.55 mmol). The reaction was performed under an argon atmosphere. Thecrude reaction was diluted in ethyl acetate, washed with water andpurified by normal phase silica chromatography (50-100%Hexanes:EthylAcetate+10% Methanol).6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.05 g, 60%) was obtained as a tan solid.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₃N₇O₅: 783.41 (M⁺). Found: 784.35 (M+H⁺).

Example IZ

[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester using 2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid toprovide[1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.070 g, 65%) as a white powder.

¹H-NMR: 400 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.75 (s, 1H), 11.72 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s,1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.93-7.74 (m, 8H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 5.22 (t, 1H), 4.52-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.16 (t, 1H),4.00 (t, 1H), 3.81 (d, 1H), 3.75 (d, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H),2.55 (m, 1H), 2.32-1.41 (m, 10H), 1.01-0.57 (m, 16H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₆N₈O₆: 840.43 (M⁺). Found: 841.99 (M+H⁺).

Example JA

2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methoxy-3-methyl-butyric acid

2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyric acid (1.0 g, 4.29mmol) was dissolved in THF (14 mL) and cooled to 0° C. in an externalice/brine bath. MeI (2.13 mL, 34.3 mmol) was added at 0° C. Solid NaH(60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.514 g, 12.87 mmol) was added slowly at0° C. Upon completion of the addition, the solution was removed from theice bath and allowed to warm to room temperature, and stirred. After 18hours, the crude reaction mixture was diluted in ethyl acetate and waterwas added slowly with stirring. The quenched mixture was concentrated invacuo and partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The ether layerwas extracted with sodium bicarbonate twice. The combined bicarbonatelayers were acidified with aqueous citric acid to pH 3 and extractedthree times with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers werewashed with water, sodium thiosulfate, water, dried with sodium sulfateand concentrated to yield2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methoxy-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.99 g, 94%)as an oil.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.76-3.66 (m, 3H), 3.29 (s, 1H), 1.50 (s, 3H),1.45 (s, 9H), 1.33 (s, 3H).

3-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid

2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methoxy-3-methyl-butyric acid was dissolvedin dioxane (40 mL) and HCl (4N in dioxane, 5.4 mL, 21.6 mmol) was addedat room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 hours and the concentrated to dryness. The solid wasdissolved in THF (14 mL) and cooled to 0° C. in an external ice/brinebath. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (6.25M, 1.9 mL, 11.76 mmol) and methylchloroformate (0.5 mL, 5.88 mmol) were added at 0° C. Upon completion ofthe addition, the solution was removed from the ice bath and allowed towarm to room temperature, and stirred. After 18 hours, the crudereaction mixture was adjusted to pH 1 with 1N HCl and extracted twicewith diethyl ether. The combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give3-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.653 g, 65%) asan off-white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, acetone) δ 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H),3.18 (s, 3H), 1.37-1.31 (m, 1H).

Example JB

[2-Methoxy-1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example from JJC) using3-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.020 g, 0.096mmol) to provide[2-Methoxy-1-(3-{5-[6-(4-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.019 g, 35%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.37-7.88 (m, 4H), 7.84-7.35 (m, 8H),5.81-5.33 (m, 2H), 4.88-4.57 (m, 2H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.54 (m, 9H),3.46-3.16 (m, 4H), 3.09-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.24 (dd, 2H), 1.93 (m, 6H), 1.61(s, 1H), 1.47-1.17 (m, 7H), 1.11 (d, 1H), 1.02-0.83 (m, 7H), 0.72 (s,3H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₈N₈O₇: 870.44 (M⁺). Found: 871.90 (M+H⁺).

Example JC

4-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid

This compound was prepared using the procedure used to prepare3-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid using2-Amino-4-cyano-butyric acid.

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₇H₁₀N₂O₄: 186.06 (M⁺). Found: 187.09 (M+H⁺).

Example JD

[3-Cyano-1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example from BC) using4-Cyano-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid to provide[3-Cyano-1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.015 g, 28%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.34-8.10 (m, 1H), 8.05-7.84 (m, 1H),7.80-7.62 (m, 8H), 7.53 (d, 2H), 5.47-5.22 (m, 1H), 4.92-4.61 (m, 1H),4.49 (d, 2H), 4.25 (s, 2H), 4.10 (d, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.70-3.42 (m,6H), 3.32-3.23 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.06 (m, 4H), 2.02-1.79(m, 3H), 1.75-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.18 (s, 3H), 1.06-0.77(m, 6H), 0.72-0.50 (m, 3H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₃N₉O₆: 851.41 (M⁺). Found: 852.90 (M+H⁺).

Example JE

[2-Methoxy-1-(3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example from JJC) using3-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (0.020 g, 0.096mmol) to provide[2-Methoxy-1-(3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.016 g, 29%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.37-7.88 (m, 4H), 7.84-7.35 (m, 8H),5.81-5.33 (m, 2H), 4.88-4.57 (m, 2H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.54 (m, 9H),3.46-3.16 (m, 4H), 3.09-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.24 (dd, 2H), 1.93 (m, 6H), 1.61(s, 1H), 1.47-1.17 (m, 7H), 1.11 (d, 1H), 1.02-0.83 (m, 7H), 0.72 (s,3H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₈N₈O₇: 870.44 (M⁺). Found: 871.47 (M+H⁺).

Example JF

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example from JJC) usingS-Cyclohexyl-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid (0.022 g, 0.102 mmol) toprovide[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.036 g, 28%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.90-7.62 (m, 10H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s,1H), 5.60 (d, 1H), 5.53 (d, 1H), 5.41 (d, 1H), 5.31 (dd, 1H), 4.38 (t,1H), 4.25 (t, 1H), 4.03-3.74 (m, 5H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 6H), 2.97-2.65 (m,2H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.13 (m, 6H), 1.96-1.63 (m, 6H), 1.36-0.99 (m, 6H),0.93 (dd, 6H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₆N₈O₆: 828.43 (M⁺). Found: 829.70 (M+H⁺).

Example JG

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example from JJC) usingR-Cyclohexyl-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid (0.041 g, 0.191 mmol) toprovide[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.047 g, 59%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.90-7.62 (m, 10H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s,1H), 5.60 (d, 1H), 5.53 (d, 1H), 5.41 (d, 1H), 5.31 (dd, 1H), 4.38 (t,1H), 4.25 (t, 1H), 4.03-3.74 (m, 5H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 6H), 2.97-2.65 (m,2H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.13 (m, 6H), 1.96-1.63 (m, 6H), 1.36-0.99 (m, 6H),0.93 (dd, 6H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₆N₈O₆: 828.43 (M⁺). Found: 829.70 (M+H⁺).

Example JH

S-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid: This compound wasprepared using the procedure used to prepare3-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid usingS-Amino-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-acetic acid to giveS-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid (0.560 g, 82%).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₀H₁₀FNO₄: 227.06 (M⁺). Found: 227.84 (M+H⁺).

Example JI

{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example from JJC) usingS-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid (0.023 g, 0.100mmol) to provide{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.015 g, 27%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01-7.71 (m, 8H), 7.55-6.93 (m, 8H), 6.06 (d,1H), 5.43 (dd, 1H), 5.30 (m, 3H), 4.34 (t, 1H), 3.85-3.77 (m, 2H),3.74-3.47 (d, 6H), 3.25-2.92 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 1H), 2.23-1.98 (m, 7H),1.05 (t, 1H), 0.88 (t, 6H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₄₉FN₈O₆: 840.38 (M⁺). Found: 841.42 (M+H⁺).

Example JJ

R-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid: This compound wasprepared using the procedure used to prepare3-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid usingR-Amino-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-acetic acid to giveR-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid (0.575 g, 84%)

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₁₀H₁₀FNO₄: 227.06 (M⁺). Found: 227.84 (M+H⁺).

Example JK

{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester: This compound was prepared using the procedure usedto prepare[1-(6-{5-[4-(6-{2-[2-(2-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester (example from JJC) usingR-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-methoxycarbonylamino-acetic acid (0.023 g, 0.100mmol) to provide{1-[2-(5-{6-[4-(2-{1-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methoxycarbonylamino-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methyl-propyl}-carbamicacid methyl ester (0.008 g, 14%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01-7.71 (m, 8H), 7.55-6.93 (m, 8H), 6.06 (d,1H), 5.43 (dd, 1H), 5.30 (m, 3H), 4.34 (t, 1H), 3.85-3.77 (m, 2H),3.74-3.47 (d, 6H), 3.25-2.92 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 1H), 2.23-1.98 (m, 7H),1.05 (t, 1H), 0.88 (t, 6H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₄₉FN₈O₆: 840.38 (M⁺). Found: 841.27 (M+H⁺).

Example JL

(1-{3-[6-(9,9-Difluoro-7-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester was prepared in a similar manner as Example C to givetitle compound as a white powder (68 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.56 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 0.5H), 12.05 (dd,1H), 11.84 (s, 0.5H), 8.1-7.1 (m, 12H), 5.71 (d, 0.5H), 5.27 (s, 0.5H),5.19 (d, 0.5H), 4.70 (s, 0.5H), 4.64 (s, 0.5H), 4.49 (s, 0.5H), 4.2-3.9(m, 2H), 3.6-3.2 (m, 20H), 2.8-1.1 (m, 12H), 0.9-0.4 (m, 16H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₄F₂N₈O₆: 890.0 (M+H⁺). Found: 889.4 (M+H⁺).

Example JM

LiOH.H₂O (167 mg, 3.98 mmol) was added to4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-methylester (674 mg, 2.65 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) solution. The reaction wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated down. The crude is used in next step reaction.

2-Amino-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethanone HCl salt (664 mg, 2.65 mmol) wasdissolved in DMF (10 mL) and to this solution was added4-Cyano-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester crude fromthe previous step, diisopropyl ethylamine (0.93 mL, 5.3 mmol), followedby HATU (1 g, 2.65 mmol). Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30minutes. The reaction mixture was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washedwith dilute sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried(MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.05 g, yield 91%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₁₉H₂₂BrN₃O₄: 435.08. Found: 458.0 (M+Na⁺).

A mixture of2-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.05 g, 2.4 mmol) and ammonia acetate (3.7 g, 20eq.) in Xylene (2 mL) was heated in microwave at 110° C. for 2 hours.The mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography(silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (356 mg, containing 15% starting material, yield35%). LCMS-ESI″: calc'd for C₁₉H₂₁BrN₄O₂: 417.30. Found: 418.9 (M+H⁺).

The mixture of2-[5-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (356 mg, 0.85 mmol),2-{5-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (501 mg, 1.02 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (99 mg, 0.08 mmol) and potassiumacetate (425 mg, 3.07 mmol) in 7 mL 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 2 mL waterwas heated to 90° C. for 2 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled anddissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified byflash column chromatography (silica gel, 20 to 80% ethyl acetate/hexane)to give2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, yield 33%) and the amide product.LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd for C₄₁H₄₅N₇O₄: 699.84. Found: 700.2 (M+H⁺).

LAH (45 mg, 6 eq.) was added to the solution of mixture of2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-cyano-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (146 mg, 0.066 mmol) in 3 ml THF at 0° C. Thereaction was quenched after 30 minutes using water, 10% NaOH aqueoussolution and water in 3 steps. The reaction mixture was filtered. Thefiltrate was concentrated down and purified by preparative reverse phaseHPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product lyophilized to give4-Aminomethyl-2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester TFA salt (150 mg, yield 95%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'dfor C₄₁H₄₉N₇O₄: 703.87. Found: 704.2 (M+H⁺).

Sodium triacetyl boron hydride (54 mg, 3 eq.) was added to the mixtureof4-Aminomethyl-2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.085 mmol) and 0.1 mL formaldehyde (37%in water) in 3 ml THF, followed by 1 drop of acetic acid. The reactionwas stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction wascomplete by monitoring using LC-MS. The reaction mixture was filtered.The filtrate was concentrated down and purified by preparative reversephase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product lyophilized togive2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-dimethylaminomethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester TFA salt (41.7 mg, yield 67%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'dfor C₄₃H₅₃N₇O₄: 731.93. Found: 732.3 (M+H⁺).

Trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL)was added to2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-dimethylaminomethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (41.7 mg, 0.057 mmol) in 1 ml DCM and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (1.5 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (20 mg, 0.124 mmol),diisopropyl ethylamine (60 μl), followed by HATU (43 mg). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 60 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product lyophilized to give[1-(4-Dimethylaminomethyl-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester the bis-TFA salt (Example A) (13.1 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.28 (d, 2H), 8.02 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.92 (m,8H), 5.38 (m, 2H), 4.58 (m, 1H), 4.22 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 3.92 (m,2H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s, 6H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.81 (m,1H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.00 (m, 5H), 0.95-1.05 (m, 12H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₉N₉O₆: 846.03. Found: 848.4 (M+H⁺).

Example JN

MsCl (7.6 mg, 1 eq.) was added to the mixture of4-Aminomethyl-2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (69 mg, 0.098 mmol) and DIEA (51 μl, 3 eq) in 1 mlMeCN. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Thereaction mixture was concentrated down and purified by preparativereverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Productlyophilized to give2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(methanesulfonylamino-methyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester TFA salt (29 mg, yield 38%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₂H₅₁N₇O₆S: 781.96. Found: 782.2 (M+H⁺).

Trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL)was added to2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-(methanesulfonylamino-methyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (29 mg, 0.037 mmol) in 1 ml DCM and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (13 mg, 2 eq.), diisopropylethylamine (39 μl, 6 eq.), followed by HATU (28 mg, 2 eq.). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 60 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product lyophilized to give[1-(4-(Methanesulfonylamino-methyl)-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester the bis-TFA salt (Example B) (12.9 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.28 (d, 2H), 8.08 (m, 2H), 7.95 (m, 4H),7.82 (m, 4H), 5.28 (m, 2H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.22 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 2H),3.92 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 3.61 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.72 (m, 2H),2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-1.98 (m, 5H), 0.95-1.05 (m, 12H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₇N₉O₈S: 896.07. Found: 896.3 (M+H⁺).

Example JO

AcCl (5 μl, 1 eq.) was added to the mixture of4-Aminomethyl-2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (50 mg, 0.071 mmol) and DIEA (37 μl, 3 eq) in 1 mlDCM and 1 mL MeCN mixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 hour. LC-MS shows desired and Bis-acetyl product. The reactionmixture was concentrated down and purified by preparative reverse phaseHPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA). Product lyophilized to give4-(Acetylamino-methyl)-2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester TFA salt (13 mg, yield 25%). LCMS-ESI⁻: calc'd forC₄₃H₅₁N₇O₅: 745.91. Found: 746.2 (M+H⁺).

Trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL)was added to4-(Acetylamino-methyl)-2-[5-(4-{6-[2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-naphthalen-2-yl}-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (13 mg, 0.017 mmol) in 1 ml DCM and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated and dried overnight under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and to this solution was added2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (6 mg, 2 eq.), diisopropylethylamine (18 μl, 6 eq.), followed by HATU (13 mg, 2 eq.). Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 60 minutes. The reaction mixture wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purifiedby preparative reverse phase HPLC (Gemini, 5 to 100% ACN/H₂O+0.1% TFA).Product lyophilized to give[1-(4-(Acetylamino-methyl)-2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester the bis-TFA salt (Example C) (6.6 mg).

¹H-NMR: 300 MHz, (CD₃OD-d₄) δ: 8.28 (d, 2H), 8.08 (m, 2H), 7.95 (m, 4H),7.82 (m, 4H), 5.28 (m, 2H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.22 (m, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H),3.92 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 6H), 3.59 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.64 (m, 2H),2.24 (m, 3H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 0.95-1.05 (m, 12H).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₇H₅₇N₉O₇: 859.44. Found: 860.4 (M+H⁺).

Example JP

5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester6-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester: To the solution of(s) 5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester (138mg, 0.5 mmol) and triethylamine (65 μl, 0.47 mmol) in acetonitrile (3ml) was added slowly a solution of2-bromo-1-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-ethanone (143 mg, 0.39 mmol) inDMF (4 ml). The mixture was stirred for 12 hours, and the solvent wasevaporated. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and washed with 1.0 NNaOH solution, water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate.Concentration gave 5-Aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid5-benzyl ester 6-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester (210mg)

6-[5-(7-Bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester: The mixture of5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid 5-benzyl ester6-[2-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester (210 mg, 0.39 mmol)and ammonium acetate (330 mg, 4.3 mmol) in xylene (3 ml) was heated at140 C for 80 minutes under microwave. The mixture was quenched withwater, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with waterand brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentration andpurification by flash column chromatography (EtOAc) gave6-[5-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (150 mg). m/z: 542.1 (M+1), 540.1 (M−1).

3-(6-{7-[2-(5-Benzyloxycarbonyl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of6-[5-(7-bromo-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid benzyl ester (150 mg, 0.28 mmol) and3-[6-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (160 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DME (2.25 ml) and water(0.75 ml) was added potassium carbonate (78 mg, 0.56 mmol), followed byPd(PPh₃)₄ (15 mg) and PdCl₂(dppf)CH₂Cl₂ (15 mg). The mixture was heatedat 90 C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and was washedwith water and brine, and was dried with sodium sulfate. Concentrationand purification by flash column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc) gave3-(6-{7-[2-(5-benzyloxycarbonyl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (190 mg). m/z: 775.2 (M+1), 773.3 (M−1), 338.2(M+2)/2.

(1-{6-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To the solution of3-(6-{7-[2-(5-benzyloxycarbonyl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-dibenzofuran-3-yl}-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (185 mg, 0.24 mmol) in DCM (3.6 ml) was addedslowly 33% HBr/HOAc (1 ml). The mixture was stirred for two hours, andthe solvent and reagent were removed under reduced pressure to give abrown solid. The solid was suspended in DCM/Et₂O (2.5 ml/25 ml) and wasstirred. The solid was collected through filtration. To the solution ofabove solid (0.24 mmol) and MeOCO-Val-OH (84 mg, 0.48 mmol) in DMF (7.0ml) was added HATU (192 mg, 0.50 mmol), followed bydiisopropylethylamine (0.42 ml, 2.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred forten hours and was evaporated and then diluted with EtOAc. The organicphase was washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water, and brine, and was driedwith sodium sulfate. Concentration and purification by HPLC (0.1%TFA/CH₃CN/0.1% TFA/H₂O) gave(1-{6-[5-(7-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl}-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (151 mg). m/z: 855.3 (M+1), 853.2 (M−1), 428.4(M+2)/2. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 8.25-7.70 (10H, m), 5.4 (1H, m),4.95-4.7 (1H, m), 4.38 (1H, m), 4.16 (1H, m), 3.95 (1H, m), 3.83 (1H,m), 3.69 (3H, s), 3.67 (3H, s), 3.5-3.2 (1H, m), 2.98 (1H, m), 2.5-1.7(10H, m), 1.2-0.8 (16H, m).

Example JQ

2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-6-methoxy-benzo[b]thiophene was reported in theliterature (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2007, 50, 2682-2692).

2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-benzo[b]thiophen-6-ol. To a stirred solution of2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-6-methoxy-benzo[b]thiophene (80 mg, 0.25 mmol) wasadded BBr₃ (0.5 mL of 1 M in DCM, 0.5 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture wasstirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature. DCM was removed undervacuum, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 mL). Theorganic layer was washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas treated with hexane to give the product (67 mg, 88%). m/z 303.0,305.0 (M−H)⁻.

Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-benzo[b]thiophen-6-ylester. Tf₂O was added slowly to a mixture of2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-benzo[b]thiophen-6-ol (200 mg, 0.66 mol) in pyridine(3 mL) at 0° C. with stirring. The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 16 hours before quenched with NaHCO₃ solution. Themixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer waswashed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was used for next stepreaction without further purification.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(2-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-phenyl}-benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester.Pd(Ph₃)₄ (43 mg, 0.037 mmol), PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (26 mg, 0.037 mmol) and LiCl(78 mg, 1.8 mmol) were added to a mixture trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl ester (200 mg, 0.46 mmol) andtributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (0.37 mL, 1.1 mmol) in 8 mL DMF. The reactionmixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, thencooled to ambient temperature. Water (3 mL) and NBS (180 mg, 1.0 mmol)were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 min,then diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The ethyl acetate layer waswashed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was suspended inacetonitrile (30 mL). To it was added a solution ofpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (792 mg, 3.7 mmol)and DIPEA (0.56 mL, 3.2 mmol) in 5 mL acetonitrile. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 16 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate(100 mL). The organic layer was washed with NaHCO₃ solution and water,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtainedresidue was purified by flash chromatography to provide the desiredproduct (90 mg, 27% over two steps). m/z 743.2 (M+Na)⁺.

2-[5-(2-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester. A mixture of pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester2-[2-(2-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyloxy)-acetyl]-phenyl}-benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl]ester(90 mg, 0.12 mmol) and ammonium acetate (192 mg, 2.5 mmol) in xylene (10mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 140° C. for 1.5 hours under microwavecondition. The volatile component was removed in vacuo, and the residuewas dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution,water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide thedesired product (60 mg, 70%). m/z 681.2 (M+H)⁺.

[1-(2-{5-[2-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of2-[5-(2-{4-[2-(1-Boc-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-phenyl}-benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.09 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was added 4NHCl in 1,4-dioxane (0.4 mL, excess). The mixture was stirred for 2 hoursat 50° C. and concentated under reduced pressure. The residue wasdissolved in wather and freezing-dired overnight. The obtained whitesolid was dissoved in DMF (3 mL), to the solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (34 mg, 0.19 mmol), HATU(84 mg, 0.22 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.12 mL, 0.70 mmol).The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as a TFA salt (45mg, 64%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.70 (m, 9H),5.30-5.20 (m, 2H), 4.23 (d, 2H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 2H),3.75-3.60 (m, 6H), 2.65-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.00 (m, 8H), 1.00-0.80 (m,12H); m/z 795.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example JR

2,7-Dibromo-9-methylene-9H-fluorene was reported in the literature(Tetrahedron, 2006, 62, 3355-3361).

2′,7′-Dibromospirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluorene. To a stirred solution ofdiethylzinc (9.0 mL of 1.0 M in hexane, 9.0 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) wasadded trifluoroacetic acid (0.69 mL, 9.0 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) slowly at0° C. The mixture was stirred for 20 min at 0° C. before the addition ofdiiodomethane (0.72 mL, 9.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred for another20 min at 0° C., then a solution of 2,7-dibromo-9-methylene-9H-fluorene(750 mg, 2.2 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred atambient temperature for 5 days, then quenched slowly with NH₄Clsolution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed withwater and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The obtained residue was dissolved in a mixed solvent ofTHF/water/acetone (18 mL with ration 12/4/4), NMO (264 mg, 2.2 mmol) andOsO₄ was added. The mixture was stirred for 16 hs at ambienttemperature, quenched with 1 M Na₂S₂O₃, then extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue waspurified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (480 mg,61%).

5-Cbz-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-6-carboxylic acid2-(7-bromospirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester.Pd(Ph₃)₄ (67 mg, 0.058 mmol) and PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (41 mg, 0.058 mmol) wereadded to a mixture 2′,7′-dibromospirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluorene (670 mg,1.93 mmol) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (0.66 mL, 1.93 mmol) in 20 mLdioxane. The reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen, heated at 80°C. for 16 hours, then cooled to ambient temperature. Water (7 mL) andNBS (344 mg, 1.93 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 40 min, then diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL). Theethyl acetate layer was washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was suspendedin acetonitrile (30 mL). To it was added a solution ofpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-benzyl ester (780 mg, 2.8 mmol) andDIPEA (0.44 mL, 2.5 mmol) in 5 mL acetonitrile. The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 16 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL).The organic layer was washed with NaHCO₃ solution and water, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue waspurified by flash chromatography to provide the desired product (825 mg,73% over two steps). m/z 585.9, 587.9 (M+H)⁺.

6-[5-(7-Bromospirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-Cbzl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane.A mixture of 5-Cbz-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-6-carboxylic acid2-(7-bromospirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluoren-2-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester (825mg, 1.4 mmol) and ammonium acetate (1.5 g, 19.5 mmol) in xylene (15 mL)was heated in a sealed tube at 140° C. for 1.5 hours under microwavecondition. The volatile component was removed in vacuo, and the residuewas dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution,water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography to provide thedesired product (140 mg, 18%). m/z 566.1, 568.1 (M+H)⁺.

2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-6-{7-[2-(5-Cbz-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-spirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazole.Pd(Ph₃)₄ (14 mg, 0.012 mmol) and PdCl₂(Ph₃)₂ (9 mg, 0.012 mmol) wereadded to a mixture6-[5-(7-bromospirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-Cbzl-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane (140 mg, 0.25 mmol),3-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (120 mg, 0.27 mmol), 2M K₂CO₃ (0.5 mL, 1.0 mmol)in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (5 mL). The reaction mixture was flushed withnitrogen, heated at 80° C. for 16 hours, and then the volatile componentwas removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100mL), washed with NaHCO₃ solution, water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified byflash chromatography to provide the desired product (80 mg, 40%). m/z799.3 (M+H)⁺.

(1-{3-[6-(7-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-spirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluoren-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester. To a solution of2-(2-Boc-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl)-6-{7-[2-(5-Cbz-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-spirocyclopropane-1,9′-fluoren-2-yl}-1H-benzoimidazole(80 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added HBr (0.8 mL 5.7M in AcOH,excess). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature andconcentated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated withether/DCM to give an off-white solid. The obtained product was dissovedin DMF (3 mL), to the solution was added2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid (39 mg, 0.22 mmol), HATU(95 mg, 0.25 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.14 mL, 0.80 mmol).The mixture was stirred at ambient for 2 hours, and then the volatilecomponent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH solution, water and brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residuewas purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as a TFA salt (55mg, 62%). m/z 879.4 (M+H)⁺.

Example JS

2,7-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine:2,7-Dibromo-10H-phenothiazine (590 mg, 1.65 mmol, WuXi AppTec) in DMSO(16 mL) was treated with bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.68 g, 6.60 mmol),KOAc (1.30 g, 13.2 mmol), and PdCl₂dppf (135 mg, 0.165 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 18 h and the mixture wascooled and filtered through a CELITE pad. The mixture was diluted withEtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H₂O (2 50 mL) and saturated NaCl solution(1 50 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and treated to a 80 g SiO₂COMBIFLASH column (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine(450 mg, 60%): HPLC (RP: 6-98% MeCN—H₂O gradient [non-polar], 0.05% TFAmodifier) t_(R)=6.821 min (˜80% purity @ 254 nM).

(2S,2′S)-tert-Butyl2,2-(5,5′-(10H-phenothiazine-2,7-diyl)bis(1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl))dipyrrolidine-1-carboxylate:2,7-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine(450 mg, 1.00 mmol) in DME (10 mL) was treated with (S)-tert-butyl2-(5-bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (662 mg, 2.09mmol), 1 M NaHCO₃ (5 mL, 5.00 mmol), and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (69 mg, 0.06 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 18 h and the mixture wascooled and filtered through a CELITE pad. The mixture was diluted withEtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H₂O (2 50 mL) and saturated NaCl solution(1 50 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and treated to a 40 g SiO₂COMBIFLASH column (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes gradient, followed by a 0-100%20%-MeOH/EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford (2S,2′S)-tert-butyl2,2′-(5,5′-(10H-phenothiazine-2,7-diyl)bis(1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl))dipyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(175 mg, 26%): MS (ESI) m/z 670 [M+H]⁺.

Dimethyl(2S,2′S)-1,1′-((2S,2′S)-2,2′-(5,5′-(10H-phenothiazine-2,7-diyl)bis(1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl))bis(3-methyl-1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl)dicarbamate:(2S,2′S)-tert-butyl2,2′-(5,5′-(10H-phenothiazine-2,7-diyl)bis(1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl))dipyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(175 mg, 0.26 mmol) was treated with 4 N HCl (5 mL) and stirred for 2 h.The reaction mixture was concentrated and the mixture was suspended inDMF (5.5 mL) and treated with (S)-Moc-Val-OH (96 mg, 0.55 mmol), HATU(219 mg, 0.57 mmol), and 4-methylmorpholine (143 pt, 1.31 mmol; or untilbasic). The stirred for 18 h then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washedwith saturated NaHCO₃ solution (2 50 mL), H₂O (2 50 mL), and saturatedNaCl solution (1 50 mL). The solution was dried over MgSO₄ and treatedto a 40 g SiO₂ COMBIFLASH column (0-100% EtOAc-hexanes gradient,followed by a 0-100% 20%-MeOH/EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and RP HPLC (6-98%MeCN—H₂O gradient, 0.1% TFA modifier). Finally, the material wassubjected to a 20 20 preparative TLC (10% MeOH-EtOAc) to afford dimethyl(2S,2′S)-1,1′-((2S,2′S)-2,2′-(5,5′-(10H-phenothiazine-2,7-diyl)bis(1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl))bis(3-methyl-1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl)dicarbamate(3.6 mg, 2%): MS (ESI) m/z 784 [M+H]⁺.

Example JT

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: A solution of(1-{6-[5-(6-bromo-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester (1.00 g, 1.9 mmol),3-{5-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.31 g, 2.8 mmol) and aq NaHCO₃ (7.6 mL of a 1Msolution, 7.6 mmol) in DME (20 mL) was degassed with N₂ gas for 20minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (110 mg, 0.095mmol) and then the reaction was heated to 80° C. overnight. Aftercooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. Theorganic phase was washed with H₂O and then brine then dried over sodiumsulfate. After filtration the solvent was removed from the filtrateunder reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography (70-100% EtOAc/Hexanes) to afford3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (835 mg, 1.07 mmol, 56% yield).

LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₄N₇O₅: 784.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 784.8 (M+H⁺).

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-propionyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (46 mg, 0.059 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) and MeOH(0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (160 μl). The suspension wasstirred for 2 h then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crudeamine. To the crude amine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine(19.5 μL, 0.18 mmol), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (13 mg,0.089 mmol) and HATU (25 mg, 0.065 mmol). After stirring for overnightthe reaction was quenched with formic acid then purified by reversephase preparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) toafford the title product (26 mg, 0.032 mmol, 54% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₆H₅₃N₈O₆: 813.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 813.4 (M+H⁺).

Example JU

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(4-Methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (46 mg, 0.059 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) and MeOH(0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The suspension wasstirred for 2 h then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crudeamine. To the crude amine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine(19.5 μL, 0.18 mmol), 4-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (17mg, 0.089 mmol) and HATU (25 mg, 0.065 mmol). After stirring forovernight the reaction was quenched with formic acid then purified byreverse phase preparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acidmodifier) to afford the title product (40 mg, 0.047 mmol, 79% yield).LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₈H₅₇N₈O₇: 857.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 857.4 (M+H⁺).

Example JV

[1-(3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (50 mg, 0.064 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) and MeOH(0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The suspension wasstirred for 2 h then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crudeamine. To the crude amine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (21μL, 0.19 mmol), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (16 mg, 0.096 mmol)and HATU (27 mg, 0.070 mmol). After stirring for overnight the reactionwas quenched with formic acid then purified by reverse phase preparativeHPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford the titleproduct (30 mg, 0.036 mmol, 57% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₇H₅₅N₈O₆: 827.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 827.4 (M+H⁺).

Example JW

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.077 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) and MeOH(0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The suspension wasstirred for 2 h then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crudeamine. To the crude amine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (34pt, 0.31 mmol), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (19 mg, 0.11 mmol)and HATU (35 mg, 0.09 mmol). After stirring for overnight the reactionwas quenched with formic acid then purified by reverse phase preparativeHPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford the titleproduct (51 mg, 0.062 mmol, 80% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd forC₄₇H₅₅N₈O₆: 827.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 827.4 (M+H⁺).

Example JX

[1-(3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.077 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) and MeOH(0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The suspension wasstirred overnight then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crudeamine. To the crude amine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (25μL, 0.23 mmol), 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3,3-dimethyl-butyric acid (22 mg,0.12 mmol) and HATU (35 mg, 0.092 mmol). After stirring for overnightthe reaction was quenched with formic acid then purified by reversephase preparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) toafford the title product (42 mg, 0.049 mmol, 57% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺:calc'd for C₄₉H₅₉N₈O₆: 855.5 (M+H⁺). Found: 855.5 (M+H⁺).

Example JY

[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.077 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) and MeOH(0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The suspension wasstirred for 6 h then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crudeamine. To the crude amine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (25μL, 0.23 mmol), methoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid (22 mg, 0.12mmol) and HATU (35 mg, 0.092 mmol). After stirring for overnight thereaction was quenched with formic acid then purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to affordthe different diastereomers of the title product (Diastereomer 1: 24 mg,0.027 mmol, 36% yield; Diastereomer 2: 17 mg, 0.019 mmol, 22% yield).LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₁H₅₅N₈O₆: 875.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 875.5 (M+H⁺).

Example JZ

[1-(3-{5-[4-(6-{2-[5-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-5-aza-spiro[2.4]hept-6-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[2-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.077 mmol) in dioxanes (2 mL) and MeOH(0.5 mL) was added 4N HCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The suspension wasstirred for 6 h then concentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crudeamine. To the crude amine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (25μL, 0.23 mmol), methoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid (22 mg, 0.12mmol) and HATU (35 mg, 0.092 mmol). After stirring for overnight thereaction was quenched with formic acid then purified by reverse phasepreparative HPLC (5-45% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to affordthe title product as a diastereometric mixture (30 mg, 0.035 mmol, 39%yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₁H₅₅N₈O₆: 875.4 (M+H). Found: 875.6(M+H⁺).

Example KA

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.055 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added 4NHCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The reaction was stirred overnight thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crudeamine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (100 μL),hydroxy-phenyl-acetic acid (21 mg, 0.083 mmol) and HATU (35 mg, 0.092mmol). After stirring overnight the reaction was quenched with formicacid then purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (10-40% MeCN—H₂O;0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford the title compound (32 mg, 0.042mmol, 76% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₄₈N₇O₅: 766.4 (M+H⁺). Found:766.4 (M+H⁺).

Example KB

[1-(2-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxy-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To2-{5-[4-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.055 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added 4NHCl in dioxanes (160 μL). The reaction was stirred overnight thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crudeamine in CH₂Cl₂ and DMF (1 ml of 4:1 solution) was added(R)-methoxy-phenyl-acetic acid (13.7 mg, 0.083 mmol) and2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (17 mg, 0.069 mmol).After stirring overnight the reaction was concentrated then purified byreverse phase preparative HPLC (10-40% MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acidmodifier) to afford the title compound (13.1 mg, 0.017 mmol, 31% yield).LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₆H₅₀N₇O₅: 780.4 (M+H⁺). Found: 780.4 (M+H⁺).

Example KC

Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid8-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-2-yl ester: To asuspension of 6H-Dibenzo[c,h]chromene-2,8-diol (3.46 g, 13.1 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ at 0° C. was added pyridine (2.65 mL, 32.8 mmol) followed bytriflic anhydride (4.85 mL, 28.8 mmol). The reaction was allowed to warmto room temperature then poured into H₂O, The organic phase wascollected then washed with 1N HCl and Brine. After concentration, thecrude material was recrystallized from CH₂Cl₂/Hexanes to afford thetitle compound (4.07 g, 7.70 mmol, 59% yield). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz):δ 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.79 (d, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H),7.40 (dd, 1H), 7.34 (dd, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 5.34 (s, 2H).

2,8-Bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromene:A solution of Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid8-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-2-yl ester (1.00 g,1.9 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.44 g, 5.7 mmol) and triethylamine(1.32 mL, 9.5 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxanes (20 mL) was degassed with Argron gasfor 20 minutes. To the degassed solution was added PdCl₂dppf (139 mg,0.19 mmol) and then the reaction was heated to 90° C. overnight.Reaction stalled at approximately 60% conversion so additional PdCl₂dppf(139 mg, 0.19 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.500 g, 1.97 mmol) wasadded and reaction stirred for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature,the crude material was preabsorbed onto silica then purified by silicagel chromatography (25-50% CH₂Cl₂/Hexanes) to afford the title compound[1.106 g, >100% yield due to some bis(pinacolato)diboron impurity].LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₂₉H₃₅B₂O₅: 485.3 (M+H⁺). Found: 485.3 (M+H⁺). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H), 7.84-7.81 (m, 3H),7.72 (d, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 1.38 (s, 12H),1.35 (s, 12H).

(1-{2-[5-(2-{2-[1-(carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: A solution of2,8-bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromene(500 mg, 1.03 mmol),2-(5-bromo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butylester (979 mg, 3.09 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (3.8 ml of 1N solution, 3.8 mmol)in DME (10 mL) and DMF (3 mL) was degassed with Argron gas for 20minutes. To the degassed solution was added Pd(OAc)₂ (22 mg, 0.098 mmol)and PPh₃ (52 mg, 0.19 mmol) and then the reaction was heated to 90° C.overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was pouredinto H₂O then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washedwith Brine. Purification of the crude material by silica gelchromatography (50-100% EtOAc/Hexanes) afforded the title compound [250mg, 0.35 mmol, 35% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₁H₄₇N₆O₅: 703.4(M+H⁺). Found: 703.2 (M+H⁺).

(1-{2-[5-(2-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To (1-{2-[5-(2-{2-[1-(carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (70 mg, 0.10 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) was added 4NHCl in dioxanes (1 mL). The reaction was stirred overnight thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crudeamine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (44 μL, 0.40 mmol),HATU (46 mg, 0.12 mmol) and 2-methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyric acid(26 mg, 0.15 mmol). After stirring for 3 h the reaction was quenchedwith formic acid then purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (10-40%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford the title compound (27mg, 0.033 mmol, 33% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₅H₅₃N₈O₇: 817.4(M+H⁺). Found: 817.4 (M+H⁺).

Example KD

(2-{2-[5-(2-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-phenyl-acetyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: To (1-{2-[5-(2-{2-[1-(carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.85 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) was added 4NHCl in dioxanes (0.5 mL). The reaction was stirred for 4 h thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crudeamine in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added K₃PO₄ (90 mg, 0.42 mmol), HATU (80 mg,0.21 mmol) and methoxycarbonylamino-phenyl-acetic acid (45 mg, 0.21mmol). After stirring for 3 h the reaction was filtered thenconcentrated. Purification by reverse phase preparative HPLC (10-40%MeCN—H₂O; 0.1% formic acid modifier) afforded the title compound (34 mg,0.038 mmol, 45% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₅₁H₄₉N₈O₇: 885.4 (M+H⁺).Found: 885.9 (M+H⁺).

Example KE

[2-(2-{5-[2-(2-{1-[2-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetyl]-pyrrolidin-2-yl}-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: To (1-{2-[5-(2-{2-[1-(carboxylic acid tert-butylester)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-6H-dibenzo[c,h]chromen-8-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (20 mg, 0.028 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) was added 4NHCl in dioxanes (0.5 mL). The reaction was stirred for 4 h thenconcentrated to afford the HCl salt of the crude amine. To the crudeamine in DMF (1 mL) was added N-methylmorpholine (15 μL, 0.14 mmol),HATU (33 mg, 0.085 mmol) andmethoxycarbonylamino-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetic acid (19 mg, 0.085mmol). After stirring overnight the reaction was quenched with formicacid then purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (10-40% MeCN—H₂O;0.1% formic acid modifier) to afford the title compound (15 mg, 0.017mmol, 59% yield). LCMS-ESI⁺: calc'd for C₄₉H₅₇N₈O₉: 901.4 (M+H⁺). Found:901.4 (M+H⁺).

Example KF

2-6-Dibromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one:6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one (2.0 g) was dissolved in ether(80 mL), and Br₂ (455 μl) was added at 0° C. over 30 min. After dilutingwith ether (80 mL), the reaction mixture was washed with 10% Na₂SO₃,sat. NaHCO₃ and brine. After the solvent was removed, the crude materialwas used for the next step without further purification.

Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-(6-bromo-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yl) ester 1-tert-butylester: The crude 2-6-dibromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one andpyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (3.15 g) weredissolved in MeCN (80 mL), and DIEA (2.55 mL) was added. The mixture wasstirred at 65° C. for overnight and diluted with ethyl acetate. Themixture was washed with 1 N HCl. NaHCO₃ and brine. After the solvent wasremoved, the resulting material was subjected to silica gelchromatography using effluent of 10-40% ethyl acetate and hexanes. Thefractions containing product were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-(6-bromo-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)ester 1-tert-butylester (1.54 g, 40% over 2 steps).

2-(7-Bromo-4,5-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester: Pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid2-(6-bromo-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)ester 1-tert-butylester (1.54 g) and ammonium acetate (2.71 g) were suspended in toluene(35 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for overnight andevaporated under reduced pressure and resulting residue was taken up inethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturatedsodium bicarbonate (1×150 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. After thesolvent was removed, the resulting oil was subjected to silica gelchromatography using effluent of 60-90% ethyl acetate and hexanes. Thefractions containing product were combined and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide2-(7-bromo-4,5-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester (1.05 g, 71%) as a pale brown solid. MS (ESI) m/z418.1 [M+H]⁺.

(1-{2-[5-(6-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-7-yl}-naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamicacid methyl ester: Title compound was prepared according to the methodemployed to[1-(6-{5-[6-(4-{2-[1-(2-Methoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyryl)-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-5-carbonyl)-2-methyl-propyl]-carbamicacid methyl ester: MS (ESI) m/z 815.5 [M+H]⁺.

Biological Assays Effect of Serum Proteins on Replicon Potency

Replicon assays are conducted in normal cell culture medium (DMEM+10%FBS) supplemented with physiologic concentrations of human serum albumin(40 mg/mL) or α-acid glycoprotein (1 mg/mL). EC₅₀s in the presence ofhuman serum proteins are compared to the EC₅₀ in normal medium todetermine the fold shift in potency.

Enyzmatic Selectivity The inhibition of mammalian proteases includingPorcine Pancreatic Elastase, Human Leukocyte Elastase, Protease 3, andCathepsin D are measured at K_(m) for the respective substrates for eachenzyme. IC₅₀ for each enzyme is compared to the IC₅₀ obtained with NS31b protease to calculate selectivity. Representative compounds of theinvention have shown activity.

MT-4 Cell Cytotoxicity: MT4 cells are treated with serial dilutions ofcompounds for a five day period. Cell viability is measured at the endof the treatment period using the Promega CellTiter-Glo assay andnon-linear regression is performed to calculate CC₅₀.

Compound Concentration Associated with Cells at EC₅₀: Huh-luc culturesare incubated with compound at concentrations equal to EC₅₀. At multipletime points (0-72 hours), cells are washed 2× with cold medium andextracted with 85% acetonitrile; a sample of the media at eachtime-point will also be extracted. Cell and media extracts are analyzedby LC/MS/MS to determine the Molar concentration of compounds in eachfraction. Representative compounds of the invention have shown activity.

Solubility and Stability: Solubility is determined by taking an aliquotof 10 mM DMSO stock solution and preparing the compound at a finalconcentration of 100 μM in the test media solutions (PBS, pH 7.4 and 0.1N HCl, pH 1.5) with a total DMSO concentration of 1%. The test mediasolutions are incubated at room temperature with shaking for 1 hr. Thesolutions will then be centrifuged and the recovered supernatants areassayed on the HPLC/UV. Solubility will be calculated by comparing theamount of compound detected in the defined test solution compared to theamount detected in DMSO at the same concentration. Stability ofcompounds after an 1 hour incubation with PBS at 37° C. will also bedetermined.

Stability in Cryopreserved Human, Dog, and Rat Hepatocytes: Eachcompound is incubated for up to 1 hour in hepatocyte suspensions (100μl, 80,000° Cells per well) at 37° C. Cryopreserved hepatocytes arereconstituted in the serum-free incubation medium. The suspension istransferred into 96-well plates (50 μt/well). The compounds are dilutedto 2 μM in incubation medium and then are added to hepatocytesuspensions to start the incubation. Samples are taken at 0, 10, 30 and60 minutes after the start of incubation and reaction will be quenchedwith a mixture consisting of 0.3% formic acid in 90% acetonitrile/10%water. The concentration of the compound in each sample is analyzedusing LC/MS/MS. The disappearance half-life of the compound inhepatocyte suspension is determined by fitting the concentration-timedata with a monophasic exponential equation. The data will also bescaled up to represent intrinsic hepatic clearance and/or total hepaticclearance.

Stability in Hepatic S9 Fraction from Human, Dog, and Rat: Each compoundis incubated for up to 1 hour in S9 suspension (500 μl, 3 mg protein/mL)at 37° C. (n=3). The compounds are added to the S9 suspension to startthe incubation. Samples are taken at 0, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after thestart of incubation. The concentration of the compound in each sample isanalyzed using LC/MS/MS. The disappearance half-life of the compound inS9 suspension is determined by fitting the concentration-time data witha monophasic exponential equation.

Caco-2 Permeability: Compounds are assayed via a contract service(Absorption Systems, Exton, Pa.). Compounds are provided to thecontractor in a blinded manner. Both forward (A-to-B) and reverse(B-to-A) permeability will be measured. Caco-2 monolayers are grown toconfluence on collagen-coated, microporous, polycarbonate membranes in12-well Costar TRANSWELL® plates. The compounds are dosed on the apicalside for forward permeability (A-to-B), and are dosed on the basolateralside for reverse permeability (B-to-A). The cells are incubated at 37°C. with 5% CO₂ in a humidified incubator. At the beginning of incubationand at 1 hr and 2 hr after incubation, a 200-μL aliquot is taken fromthe receiver chamber and replaced with fresh assay buffer. Theconcentration of the compound in each sample is determined withLC/MS/MS. The apparent permeability, Papp, is calculated.

Plasma Protein Binding:

Plasma protein binding is measured by equilibrium dialysis. Eachcompound is spiked into blank plasma at a final concentration of 2 μM.The spiked plasma and phosphate buffer is placed into opposite sides ofthe assembled dialysis cells, which will then be rotated slowly in a 37°C. water bath. At the end of the incubation, the concentration of thecompound in plasma and phosphate buffer is determined. The percentunbound is calculated using the following equation:

${\% \mspace{14mu} {Unbound}} = {100 \cdot \left( \frac{C_{f}}{C_{b} + C_{f}} \right)}$

Where C_(f) and C_(b) are free and bound concentrations determined asthe post-dialysis buffer and plasma concentrations, respectively.

CYP450 Profiling:

Each compound is incubated with each of 5 recombinant human CYP450enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in thepresence and absence of NADPH. Serial samples will be taken from theincubation mixture at the beginning of the incubation and at 5, 15, 30,45 and 60 minutes after the start of the incubation. The concentrationof the compound in the incubation mixture is determined by LC/MS/MS. Thepercentage of the compound remaining after incubation at each time pointis calculated by comparing with the sampling at the start of incubation.

Stability in Rat, Dog, Monkey and Human Plasma:

Compounds will be incubated for up to 2 hours in plasma (rat, dog,monkey, or human) at 37° C. Compounds are added to the plasma at finalconcentrations of 1 and 10 μg/mL. Aliquots are taken at 0, 5, 15, 30,60, and 120 minutes after adding the compound. Concentration ofcompounds and major metabolites at each timepoint are measured byLC/MS/MS.

Evaluation of Cell-Based Anti-HCV Activity:

Antiviral potency (EC₅₀) was determined using a Renilla luciferase(RLuc)-based HCV replicon reporter assay. To perform the assay, HCV 1bRLuc cells (harboring a dicistronic genotype 1b Con1 replicon thatencodes a RLuc reporter), or HCV 1a RLuc cells (harboring a dicistronicgenotype 1a H77 replicon that encodes a RLuc reporter), were dispensedinto 384-well plates. Compounds were re-suspended in DMSO at aconcentration of 10 mM and serially diluted in DMSO using an automatedpipeting instrument. Serially diluted compounds were mixed with cellculture media and added to the seeded cells. DMSO was used as a negative(solvent) control, and the protease inhibitor ITMN-191 was included at aconcentration>100×EC₅₀ as a positive control. 72 hours later, cells werelysed and Renilla luciferase activity quantified as recommended by themanufacturer (Promega-Madison, Wis.). Non-linear regression wasperformed to calculate EC₅₀ values.

Typically the compounds of the invention can inhibit multiple genotypesof HCV. For example, compounds of the present invention are activeagainst multiple HCV genotypes selected from 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, and5a.

Biological data (antiviral potency [EC₅₀] was determined using a Renillaluciferase (RLuc)-based HCV replicon reporter assay—HCV 1b RLuc) forrepresentative compounds of the invention is provided in the followingtable. These compounds can be prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed above.

Act- ivity (nM) Representative Compound of the Invention

0.0100

0.0240

37.7670

0.0852

0.2639

38.1323

0.7747

1.2200

0.0050

1.4010

0.0073

0.0383

0.1181

0.0372

0.1238

0.0664

0.0535

0.4556

>21.2592

0.0385

0.0989

26.7302

0.0032

0.7293

11.1196

0.0111

0.0074

0.0136

0.0074

0.0081

0.0539

0.0126

0.1985

0.0327

0.1389

0.0915

0.0553

0.3249

4.8013

0.0580

35.4673

0.0441

0.1468

0.1559

1.3319

0.0099

0.0067

0.5135

0.0111

0.0168

2.1380

15.8915

0.0511

0.0788

0.0054

0.0030

0.0474

0.0345

7.5453

0.2395

0.0142

3.4144

0.0115

>44.4000

>44.4000

0.0184

>44.4000

0.0103

0.0865

0.0875

0.0099

0.0070

0.1386

0.0137

0.0300

0.0184

0.0264

0.1613

0.0213

0.0158

0.0106

0.0261

0.6607

<0.0041

0.0221

0.0239

1.5060

0.0304

0.0047

0.3490

0.0058

0.1270

4.7270

0.3180

0.3841

0.0091

0.2012

0.0403

0.0187

0.0224

0.0067

0.0102

0.0088

0.0060

0.2835

0.0198

0.0074

>44.4000

0.2042

0.2564

0.2448

0.0530

1.0487

10.2665

0.0192

0.0052

0.0037

<0.0023

0.0719

0.0214

0.0082

0.0171

0.0322

0.0424

0.0131

0.2239

0.0075

0.0775

0.0048

0.0037

2.6102

0.0195

0.0067

0.0898

0.0029

0.016

0.0054

0.0368

0.0126

0.28

1.17

0.0185

1.15

0.013

0.011

0.034

0.073

0.006

0.077

0.075

0.013

0.018

0.014

0.0149

0.0058

0.0069

0.0059

0.0036

0.0045

0.0067

0.0218

0.0064

0.006

0.2561

0.0405

0.0097

0.007

0.006

0.004

0.005

0.005

Additional Representative Compounds of the Invention

0.0073

0.0041

1.7224

0.525

0.0093

0.0125

0.0614

0.0204

0.208

0.0169

0.0155

0.1249

0.1196

0.1383

0.0165

0.0156

0.0119

0.0176

0.0127

0.0136

0.0402

0.0092

0.0192

0.0181

0.1324

0.0063

0.0086

0.0077

0.0115

0.0255

0.009

0.0048

0.0159

0.0076

0.0155

0.0146

0.014

0.0534

0.2865

0.008

0.0201

0.0071

0.0261

0.0114

0.0073

0.0147

0.0097

0.0145

0.0394

0.0145

0.0074

0.04

0.0635

0.0083

0.0555

0.1282

0.5458

0.0147

0.0273

0.0244

0.1049

0.1103

0.01

0.0054

0.0052

0.015

0.0129

0.0092

0.0193

0.0116

0.0131

0.0092

0.0166

0.0081

0.0272

0.0228

0.0077

0.0483

0.0104

0.0686

0.0161

0.0044

39.7293

44.4

0.1709

0.1062

0.419

0.0214

0.0262

0.1354

0.0112

0.0972

0.0129

4.3733

0.0724

0.014

0.7879

0.0197

0.0181

0.858

0.0189

0.0229

0.0171

0.0113

6.1793

0.0142

0.0097

0.0163

0.0417

0.0906

0.0157

0.0503

0.026

0.0282

0.07

0.0195

0.0103

0.043

24.0657

0.0414

0.0262

0.0275

0.0083

0.0794

0.0059

0.0765

0.0209

0.0305

0.0083

0.0117

0.0073

0.0097

All publications, patents, and patent documents are incorporated byreference herein, as though individually incorporated by reference. Theinvention has been described with reference to various specific andpreferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understoodthat many variations and modifications may be made while remainingwithin the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. A compound of formula:

wherein: V is alkyl; L is benzimidazolyl; M is a 5-membered heteroarylring; A¹⁵ is:

each H¹⁴ is independently a fused unsaturated, partially unsaturated orsaturated tricyclic carbocycle which is optionally substituted with oneor more groups independently selected from R^(A1) and R^(A3); and eachX^(A) is independently O, NR, SO, SO₂, C(═O), NRC(═O), C(═O)NR, CR═CR,NRC(═O)NR, allenyl, alkynyl, or absent and each R is independentlyselected from H or alkyl; each R^(A1) is independently selected fromcyano, nitro, SOR⁴, SO₂R⁴, -alkylSO₂R⁴, haloalkoxy, cyanoalkyl,NR⁴SO₂R⁴, cycloalkyl, (halo)cycloalkyl, heterocycle, (cycloalkyl)alkyl,(heterocycle)alkyl, wherein each alkyl, heterocycle and cycloalkyl isoptionally substituted with one or more halo; each R^(A3) isindependently selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl,arylalkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, formyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy,hydroxyalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), (NR^(a)R^(b))alkyl, and(NR^(a)R^(b))carbonyl; R^(a) and R^(b) are each independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; each R⁴ is independently selectedfrom H, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, and arylalkyl; and P is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 2. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 3. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 4. Thecompound of claim 1 wherein P is selected from:


5. The compound of claim 1 wherein P is


6. The compound of claim 1 wherein P is

optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selectedfrom R^(P6) and R^(P11); each R^(P6) is independently selected fromalkoxy, alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and —NR^(Pa)R^(Pb),wherein the alkyl can optionally form a fused three- to six-memberedring with an adjacent carbon atom, wherein the three- to six-memberedring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl groups; R^(Pa) andR^(Pb) are each independently H, alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; or R^(Pa)and R^(Pb) taken together with the atom to which they are attached forma heterocycle; each R^(P11) is independently selected from cyano,alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, (NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl,heterocyclylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyloxy,haloalkoxyalkyloxy, cycloalkyoxyalkyloxy, aryloxyalkyloxy,heteroaryloxyakyloxy, heterocyclooxyalkyloxy, (NR^(h)R^(h))alkyloxy,cyanoalkoxy, cyanocycloalkyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, oxo, heterocyclyl,—NR^(hh)R^(h), (NR^(hh)R^(h))alkyl, (NR^(hh)R^(h))carbonyl, wherein eachR^(h) is independently —H, alkyl, alkoxyamino, aryl, arylalkyl,heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl,haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl; and when two R^(h) groups are presentthen they may come together with the atoms to which they are bound toform a 4-15 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein each R^(hh) isindependently aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclyoxy, alkenyloxy,alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl,(NR^(h)R^(h))sulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, —S(═O)₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(h),and —C(═O)NR^(h)R^(h).
 7. The compound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 8. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 9. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 10. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 11. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 12. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 13. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 14. Thecompound of claim 1 that is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 15. Thecompound of claim 1 wherein each X^(A) is absent.
 16. The compound ofclaim 1 wherein A¹⁵ is:


17. The compound of claim 1 wherein A¹⁵ is:


18. The compound of claim 1 wherein each V is:


19. The compound of claim 1 which is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.
 20. Apharmaceutical composition comprising the compound as described in claim1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; and atleast one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 21. The pharmaceuticalcomposition according to claim 20 for use in treating disordersassociated with HCV.
 22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20,further comprising at least one additional therapeutic agent.
 23. Thepharmaceutical composition of claim 22, wherein said additionaltherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of interferons,ribavirin analogs, NS3 protease inhibitors, NS5b polymerase inhibitors,alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors, hepatoprotectants, non-nucleosideinhibitors of HCV, and other drugs for treating HCV.
 24. Thepharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, further comprising anucleoside analogue.
 25. The pharmaceutical composition according toclaim 24, further comprising an interferon or pegylated interferon. 26.The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 25, wherein saidnucleoside analogue is selected from ribavirin, viramidine, levovirin, aL-nucleoside, and isatoribine and said interferon is α-interferon orpegylated interferon.
 27. A method of treating disorders associated withhepatitis C, said method comprising administering to an individual apharmaceutical composition which comprises a therapeutically effectiveamount of the compound as described in claim 1 or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt, or prodrug thereof.